考點38完形填空之說明文-備戰(zhàn)2020年中考英語考點一遍過

1、考點38完形填空之說明文。二）考點詳解一、命題特點分析：1 .開頭點題。說明文類完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象，這是掌握說明細節(jié) 的前提。2 .結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。說明文一般按一定的順序展開。理清文章的說明順序，對于正確把握文意和上下文的邏 輯關系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。3 .難度較大。說明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準確嚴謹，生詞術語較多，句子較長，結(jié)構(gòu)較為 復雜。4 .說明文一般采用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點、構(gòu)造、成因、關系或事 物的運動變化、發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。5 .說明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認知順序來說明事物或

2、事理。 二、解題方法：1 .快速弄清文章大意。對于此類文章我們結(jié)合選擇項，進行粗讀或略讀，對文章的大意要先有一個大體的了解。說明文往往 生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。2 .弄清楚說明的順序。把握了說明順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡，加強對整篇文章的理解。3 .把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理清事實細節(jié)。把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達清楚的、邏 輯比較嚴密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時，我們一定要仔細研讀文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，從主題句著手，找出支 持句，然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細節(jié)所迷惑，我們在理解

3、細節(jié) 的基礎上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對文章進行深層次的理解。4 .注重上下文語境應逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項，對特定的語境作深入的理解，克服"思維定勢"，根據(jù)全文大意和 詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項填空。5 .熟練做題方法，遵循四個原則：(1)上下一致。每個選擇項必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。(2)語法正確。從語法的角度去考慮動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞類用法。(3)邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時每個選擇項從語法上講都正確，但是有的 是不合語境邏輯的。(4)符合搭配。英語中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。Ha

4、ve you learned about table manners in China? Here I will introduce some.It is a traditional 1 for Chinese people to eat with chopsticks. Each person at table will have a pair of chopsticks, and there is also an extra pair 2 is for public use.You should remember that you ' 3re to let the elders i

5、n the family sit and eat first. If they don , everyone else shouldn ' t staher. And then you should make a 4 to them.While eating, it is very rude to eat with a loud5. And you ' d better not speak while food is still inyour6. Do not()nly eat one dish even if that is your favorite.People usua

6、lly goout of their way to cook delicious food to make you7 at home, but when theysay, " The dishes areni ' delicious. I8 you don' mind, " you must not say, " Yeah, that'trse, but Idon ' t mind.9_, it is a typical( 典型的)word which can show one of the Chinese qualities 10

7、.You should answer,"1. A. point2. A. which3. A. allowed4. A. report5. A. voice6. A. plate7. A. feelReally? I don ' t think so. It is the best taste of any dish that is new to me.B. orderC.methodD.customB. whoC.whereD. whenB. consideredC.supposedD. invitedB. researchC.bowD. toastB. smileC.no

8、iseD. cryB. mouthC.handD.bowlB. arriveC.eatD. aim8. A. realizeB.suggestC.expectD.believe9. A. HoweverB.ActuallyC.InsteadD.Finally10. A. honestB.proudC.modestD.serious（二）Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the wor

9、ld, it 1 to snow the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it to 2 a lot of noise in a restauran t. In fact, if a restaurant isn' t noisy, andj may think there ' ssomething wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are 4 places. If people at a table talk to

10、o loud, other people who are eating there might even 5 to the owner of the restaurant.Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for6. Inwestern countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients （宴請賓客）,but 7 friends eat together, they u

11、sually share the cost. This is called " going Dutch （均攤費用 ）".Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the 8. This is called " leaving a tip " . Leaving a tip is thought to be polite.In the U.S., it ' s 9 to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bi

12、ll, which is decided by how good the service（服務）is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can 10 the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Indian foods, for example, are popular all over the world.1. A. popul

13、arB. difficultC. importantD. enjoyable2. A. causeB.keepC. hearD. make3. A. livelyB. friendlyC. luckyD. polite4. A. noisyB. quietC. busyD. clean5. A. shoutB. explainC. complainD.speak6. A. everybodyB.nobodyC. somebodyD.none7. A. untilB. whenC. unlessD. since8. A. gatekeeperB. sellerC. waiterD. visito

14、r9. A. terribleB. commonC. seriousD. unusual10. A. inventB. discoverC. preferD. find真題再現(xiàn)(一)【2019 ?廣東省深圳市】Nowadays, lots of foreigners are learning Chinese. Like many of them, I 16 knew two words of Chinese (" Ni Hao " and " Xie Xie " ) when I first came to Beijing, China in 2009.

15、 As you can guess, my life was17 for a while after I arrived. Simple tasks like ordering food or taking a taxi were quitestressful.I knew I had to learn more Chinese, so I 18 a Chinese class. My teacher was 19, although Ididn ' le arn enough to have a real conversation. Later I studied on my own

16、 as well, but my progress was still slow. And I decided to 20.Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing.He taught me a lot of 21 about music, such as " melody " . He learned a lot of English from me in return, so it was a

17、good way to 22 language and culture.I have learned enough Chinese to 23 many problems like booking train tickets. These days, there are more foreigners who are studying Chinese. I can 24 why it ' s an amazing language. Fina11yound that the best way to learn a 25 is to make friends with native sp

18、eakers and spend time with them.16. A. usuallyB. onlyC. hardly17. A. easyB. interestingC. difficult18. A. missedB. attendedC. taught19. A. helpfulB. cheerfulC. thankful20. A. make upB. put upC. give up21. A. wordsB. namesC. jokes22. A. changeB. imagineC. exchange23. A. deal withB. look forC. think o

19、f24. A. hopeB. realizeC. doubt25. A. languageB. subjectC. task（二）【2019 ?黑龍江省哈爾濱市】The summer vacation is coming. During the vacation, you can do what you like and prepare yourself for the future. You ' ll enjoy this period of time to the fullest with the help of the following _21_.Take exercise.

20、After working hard for months, you must be bored. Taking exercise is the best way to get _22_ again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise _23_ your health.Master some basic life skills. You will live an _24_ life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary

21、and useful skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you can help your parents _25_ housework to express your thanks to them.Go travelling. The world is a book. Those who don ' travel only read one page. Travelling is so_26_. Have you made your own travel plan? If not, do it

22、_27_! During the trip, you willhave a chanceto learn more knowledge. While learning about different cultures and customs. You will also make a lot of friend.Enjoy time with family members. Family members play an important role in your life. They give you love, care and support all the time. Don'

23、 t 28_ to spare some time to get together with them. You will find _29_ great to stay with them, talking about dreams, hobbies or anything you like._30_ you follow what is mentioned above, you will have a wonderful vacation.21. A. suggestionsB. classesC. teams22. A. dangerB. moneyC. energy23. A. are

24、 good atB. are good forC. are good with24. A. asleepB. impoliteC. independent25. A. forB. withC. to26. A. terribleB. uselessC. interesting27. A. so farB. at onceC. no longer28. A. forgetB. to forgetC forgetting29. A. itB. oneC. that30. A. ThoughB. Even ifC. As long as（三）【2019 ?湖南省岳陽市】Have you ever b

25、een to Thailand? For thousands of tourists from China, this small country in Southeast Asia isan excellent place to 1. Bangkok （曼谷）is the 2 of Thailand. There are many temples （寺廟） inBangkok. You can 3 some monks （僧侶） walking along the streets.The 4 time to visit Thailand is from April 13th to 15th

26、, because it is the time of 5People sing,dance and go on the streets to 6 water at each other. The local people think that water can wash away bad things and bring good luck.choice sh eiethis5cmanyhotelsOn the one hand, beaches and sunshine are a lot of travelers facing the sea, so you can have fun

27、on the beach or 7 in the sea. On the other hand, Thailand is a good place to try 8 food. You can eat seafood at any restaurant or buy some tropical （熱帶的） fruit such as mangoes and durians （榴蓮） at 9 prices.If you go to Thailand, you won ' t forget to 10 an elephant. The elephant is a symbol of Th

28、ailand. It believed that Thailand is one of the most fascinating travel places.1.A.take a holidayB. take the busC.take risks2.A.worldB. countrysideC. capital3.A.hearB. seeC.listen4.A.mostB. worstC.best5.A.the Water FestivalB. ChristmasC.Thanksgiving6.A. lookB. throwC.arrive7.A. swimB. walkC.lose8.A.

29、 terribleB. sourC.delicious9.A. cheapB. expensiveC.low10. A.hitB. rideC.drive（四）（2018年江蘇省徐州市）What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their1. Here are two imaginationsabout the world of 2. When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own persona

30、lflying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights,3 roads and speeding tickets.4, some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 5? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if 6 become popular,

31、 there will surely be toomuch air traffic .7it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off theground! Imagine you have your own Ironman 8. Several companies are trying to build a practical robot"exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which

32、follows your movement. It will 9 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 10 in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury （受傷）.But the disadvantage at the moment is the 12Even a simple

33、 suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 13 and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending （彎曲） suit could 1

34、4 the wrong way car above our heads.So in the future, 15 we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible.1. A. suggestionsB. instructionsC. opinionsD. reasons2. A. pastB. yesterdayC. presentD. tomorrow3. A. emptyB. wideC. busyD. dirty4. A

35、. MoreoverB. InsteadC. In factD. However5. A. put downB. break downC. write downD. calm down6. A. theyB. youC. weD. I7. A. AndB. ButC. SoD. or8. A. glovesB. suitC. helmetD. shoes9. A. askB. wishC. inviteD. allow10. A. beautifulB. peacefulC. colorfulD. useful11. A. diseaseB. holidayC. workD. party12.

36、 A. qualityB. priceC. needD. number13. A. chancesB. powerC. restD. experience14. A. hurtB. attractC. protectD. attack15. A. whetherB. unlessC. althoughD. until1 G二模擬檢測（一）（2018-2019學年蕪湖市九年級第一學期英語期末試卷）Colour is a part of life. The whole world is full of colours. Almost 1 has a colour. Some things are

37、yellow like cheese, lemons and bananas. 2 things are red. For example, warning signs are usually red. 3 is the colour of most spring leaves and grass.4 is blue? Blue is the colour of 5 .We can also see the blue sky, blue eyes, blue birds and blue jeans. There are many 6 colours too, such as orange,

38、brown, purple, white and black.The world changes its colours with the 7 of the year. Spring is green. Summer is red. It turns gold inautumn and then 8 in winter. When winter is gone and spring is back, the world turns green again. Whenwinter is gone and spring comes back, the world turns green again

39、.9 a rainstorm you may see something that has many different colours in the sky. It is a rainbow.But 10 different colours, can you imagine what the world looks like?1. A. none2. A. FewB. nothingB. A littleC. somethingC. Lots ofD. everythingD. Little3. A. GreenB. RedC. YellowD. Blue4. A. WhenB. WhatC

40、. WhoD. Why5. A. the sunB. grassC. seaD. ground6. A. otherB. anotherC. extraD. else7. A. monthsB.seasonsC. daysD. weeks8. A. redB. greenC. yellowD. white9. A. UntilB. AfterC. BeforeD. But10. A. withB. withoutC. forD. within（一）（吉林省長春市朝陽區(qū)20182019學年度上學期9年級期末考試）My parents usually celebrate a special day

41、 by enjoying a special kind of ice wine called Canadian ice wine.My mother 1 told me the story of ice wine. To make it, people must freeze grapes on the vine（葡萄樹）.You might think this is strange, 2 it is true. Sometimes, a great new product is invented by accident. And t hat ' s exactly3we got i

42、ce wine.In the 1700s in Germany, a man was away from4 farm in the autumn. The weather suddenlyturned5and his grapes froze. When he tasted the grapes, to his 6, the grapes tasted so sweet. Then,he 7 to use these grapes to make some wine. Guess what? People really liked his wine. For two centuries, 8w

43、as the only place making ice wine. Then a Canadian got the idea that this kind of wine could be 9 inCanada. After all, the winters are col d in Canada and that ' s the m0in for making ice wine. After hard work, some grape farmers 11 the best process, and soon Canadian ice wine began to be sold a

44、ll over the world. The story of ice wine got me thinking. What other inventions came about 12? It ' s really hard to imagine theworld 13 penicillin（青霉素）that has saved millions of lives. And the microwave has certainly changed the way we 14.Life is sometimes like that. Something even better comes

45、 along 15 we keep our eyes and mind open.1. A. onceB. alsoC. onlyD. never2. A. andB. butC. ifD. so3. A. whyB. whenC. howD. where4. A. hisB. ourC. yourD. her5. A. hotB. wetC. dryD. cold6. A. sadnessB. surpriseC. worryD. shyness7. A. refusedB. forgotC. decidedD. failed8. A. CanadaB. EnglandC. FranceD.

46、 Germany9. A. foundB. producedC. soldD. ordered10. A. requirementB. achievementC. instrumentD. development11. A. gave upB. made upC. cared aboutD. found out12. A. by heartB. in halfC. by accidentD. in secret13. A. amongB. throughC. exceptD. without14. A. cookB. sleepC. restD. exercise15. A. becauseB

47、. ifC. unlessD. though跟蹤訓練【文章大意】本文主要介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)的餐桌文化，包括：吃飯用筷子，先讓老人開始并向老人祝酒； 吃飯時不可大聲地吃，嘴里有飯時不可說話；主人謙虛說飯菜不好時，要夸贊他。1. D【解析】句意：用筷子吃飯是中國人的傳統(tǒng)習俗。A. point要點；B. order秩序；C. method方法；D. custom習俗。根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知選Do2. A【解析】句意：餐桌上的每個人都有一雙筷子，另外還有一雙供公共使用。A. which那，指前面提到的事物；B. who誰，指人；C. where在哪兒，指地點；D. when在什么時候，表時間。 an

48、extra pair是表物的名詞，需用 which做引導詞。根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知選 Ao3. C【解析】句意：你要記住，你應該讓家里的老人先坐下來吃飯。A. allowed允許；B. considered經(jīng)過仔細考慮的；C. supposed建議；D. invited邀請。be supposed應該。根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知 ABD三項意思都與句意不符，故選Co4. D 【解析】句意：然后你應該向他們祝酒。A. report報告；B. research研究；C. bow鞠躬；D. toast干杯。make a toast祝酒，敬酒。根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知選 D。5. C【解析】句意

49、：吃東西時，發(fā)出很大的聲音是很不禮貌的。A. voice嗓音；B. smile微笑；C. noise喧鬧；D. cry哭喊。be rude to do sth.粗魯?shù)刈瞿呈?。根?jù)句意和上下文提示，可知選C。6. B【解析】句意：你最好不要在食物還在嘴里時說話。A. plate盤子；B. mouth嘴；C. hand手；D. bowl碗。根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知選Bo7. A【解析】句意：人們通常會外出烹調(diào)美味的食物，讓你有家的感覺。A. feel感覺；B. arrive到達；C.eat吃；D. aim對準。根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知 BCD三項都不合句意，故選 A。8. C【解析】句意：這些

50、菜不好吃。我希望你不介意。A. realize意識到；B. suggest建議；C. expect希望；D. believe相信。mind介意，本句和上一句構(gòu)成因果關系，根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知選C。9. B【解析】句意：其實，這是一個典型的詞，可以顯示一個中國的素質(zhì)一一謙虛。A. However然而；8. Actually實際上；C. Instead反而；D. Finally最后。根據(jù)句意和建議，聯(lián)系上下文，可知 ACD均 不合句意，故選BoCoA. honest 誠實；B. proud10. C【解析】句意：其實，這是一個典型的詞，可以顯示一個中國的素質(zhì)一一謙虛。驕傲；C. modest

51、謙虛；D. serious認真。根據(jù)句意和上下文提示，可知選（二）【文章大意】文章介紹世界上不同的國家的就餐習慣不同。1. C【解析】句意：當你去世界不同的地方的餐館時，知道哪些是正確的哪些是錯誤的很重要。A. popular流行的，受歡迎的；B. difficult困難的；C. important重要的；D. enjoyable快樂的；根據(jù)句意故選 C。2. D【解析】句意：比如，在中國吃飯時發(fā)出很大聲音是可以的。A. cause造成，引起，強調(diào)引起后果；B. keep保持；C. hear聽見；D. make制造，make a noise發(fā)出噪音；根據(jù)句意故選D。3. A 【解析】句意：事實

52、上，如果一個餐館沒有什么吵鬧聲不那么活躍，你可能會認為這個餐館有問題。根據(jù)上文it's OK to 2 a lot of noise in a restaurant.在中國吃飯時發(fā)出很大聲音是可以的?？芍诓宛^沒有噪音，好像就沒有生氣似的。A. lively活潑的，生氣勃勃的； B. friendly友好的；C.lucky幸運的；D. polite禮貌的；根據(jù)句意故選A。4. B【解析】句意：但是在一些西方國家，餐館都是一些安靜的地方。根據(jù)后文If people at a table talk tooloud, other people who are eating there mi

53、ght even 5 to the owner of the restaurant. 可知餐館是個安靜的地方；A. noisy吵鬧的；B. quiet安靜的；C. busy繁忙的；D. clean干凈的；根據(jù)句意故選 B。5. C【解析】句意：如果就餐的人說話聲音太大，在那里就餐的其他人會向餐館老板抱怨。根據(jù)上句餐館都是一些安靜的地方?？芍腿瞬粷M意， 向老板抱怨；A. shout喊，叫；B. explain解釋；C. complain抱怨；D. speak說；根據(jù)句意故選 C。6. A 【解析】句意：在中國，一個人會為一起吃飯的每個人付錢。根據(jù)中國的風俗習慣，通常是一個人為所有的人付錢；A.

54、 everybody 每個人；B. nobody 沒有人；C. somebody某人；D. none沒有一個；根據(jù)句意故選A。7. B【解析】句意：但是，當朋友們一起吃飯時，他們會各自付賬。 A. until直到；B. when當時候；C. unless除非；D. since自從；根據(jù)句意故選 B。8. C【解析】句意：還有，當西方人付賬時，他們會留一些小費給服務員。根據(jù)文意，一直在講就餐的情況，所以應是小費給服務員；A. gatekeeper守門人；B. seller賣東西的人；C. waiter服務員；D. visitor參觀者；根據(jù)句意故選 Co9. B【解析】句意：在美國，留給服務員賬

55、單的10%, 15%或20%是很普遍的。A. terrible可怕的；B. common 普通的；C. serious嚴肅的；D. unusual不尋常的；根據(jù)句意故選B。10. D【解析】句意：人們吃食物的方式在世界各地都不一樣，但是在不同的國家你也會看到相同種類的食 物。A. invent發(fā)明；B. discover發(fā)現(xiàn)，指本來存在，以前從未被發(fā)現(xiàn)；C. prefer更喜歡；D. find發(fā)現(xiàn)，強調(diào)結(jié)果，又可以表示偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；根據(jù)句意故選 D。真題再現(xiàn)（一）16. B【解析】考查上下文語境與副詞詞義辨析，句意為像許多人一樣，我僅僅知道兩個中文詞匯。only意為“僅僅"。17. C【

56、解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析，句意為你能猜到，在我到達之后很長一段時間內(nèi)，我的生活過得都很 艱難。"difficult "意為"困難的；艱難的"，故用difficult。easy"簡單的"，interesting意為"有趣的"。18. B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析，句意為我知道我必須學習中文，因此我報了一個中文班。"attend"意為"參加"。" miss"意為"失去；想念"，"teach"意為"教；教學&quo

57、t;。19. A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意為盡管我學的詞匯還不足以支撐我與人真正的進行交流，但是我的老師對我的幫助還是很大的。" helpful "意為"有幫助的"。" cheerful"意為"振奮的"，" thankful"意為"感激的"。20. C【解析】考查上下文語境與動詞詞組詞義辨析，根據(jù)上下文可知我自己學習中文進度很慢，我決定放棄了。" give up" 意為"放棄"，"make up"意為"

58、;編造；彌補"，"put up"意為"舉起；支起； 提高“。21. A【解析】考查上下文語境與名詞詞義辨析，從上文可知，作者交到一個玩音樂的朋友，他教了作者很 多有關音樂的詞匯，從下文"melody"（旋律）也可推斷出是關于音樂的詞匯。" words"意為"詞匯"，"names"意為"名字"，"jokes"意為"玩笑"。22. C【解析】考查上下文語境與動詞辨析，從上文可知，作者從他朋友那里學到了中文詞匯，他也從作者 學到了英文詞匯，所以是一種語言文化的交流。"exchange"意為"交換，交流"；"change"意為"改變"，"imagine"意為"想象"。23. A【解析】