鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工方案(中英文對(duì)照)

1、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程施工方案Steel Structure Construction Scheme一、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程概述A brief account of steel structure work本工程為斯比克（中國(guó)）工業(yè)設(shè)備制造有限公司之汾湖新廠房項(xiàng)目鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程。分A-1 和 A-2兩個(gè)單體，其中A-1 屋面面積3.4萬(wàn)平方米，A-2 屋面面積1.5萬(wàn)平方米。生產(chǎn)車間內(nèi)設(shè)有橋式桁車，鋼柱、鋼梁采用焊接成型的H 型鋼，結(jié)構(gòu)主材采用Q345B ，檁條采用 Z 型鋼，墻面采用雙層壓型鋼板+ 保溫棉的構(gòu)造，屋面采用鋼承板+保溫板+柔性防水卷材的構(gòu)造。The working area of steel struc

2、ture work are production and warehouse halls, bicycle shed, total area is about 16500 square meter, roof pitch is 5%, eave height 13.75M. There will be 6 8t bridge traveling cranes in production hall, welding H-section steel column and beam, structural main material is Q345B, cold bending sheet stee

3、l Z-purlin, wall and roof cladding are double-skin pressed steel sheet and thermal insulation wool.二、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程的特點(diǎn)Characteristic of steel structure work1、該工程單坡最大跨度為18m,鋼柱高度大，單根框架的平面外剛度極小，吊裝過程中做好保證結(jié)構(gòu)平面外的穩(wěn)定作為安全技術(shù)控制的重點(diǎn)。The single span of the work is 18m, the height of steel column is large, single frame pla

4、ne external rigidity is very small, so the key point of safety technical control is to guarantee the stability outside the structuralplane.2、廠房最大連續(xù)24跨，長(zhǎng)度方向252m,制作安裝時(shí)應(yīng)注意誤差累計(jì)，做好測(cè)量控制點(diǎn)，保證整個(gè) 廠房的安裝精度。Take out 6 steel columns from grid line 914 in the production building, instead of 52.5m space truss as tr

5、immer beam to support the upper structure and crane load, the installation of the space truss is a difficulty point of this work.三、施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總平面布置方案施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)平面布置方案大體與土建單位一致，在土建單位搭設(shè)的臨時(shí)設(shè)施內(nèi)進(jìn)行鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝。三、鋼構(gòu)件的制作Fabrication of steel structural members（一）、制作前的技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備Technical preparations prior fabrication1、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制作前必須熟悉設(shè)計(jì)的施工圖

6、，了解設(shè)計(jì)要求，并審核圖紙，根據(jù)藍(lán)圖編制加工制作圖，并在得到原設(shè)計(jì)部門的認(rèn)可后方可進(jìn)行備料加工。Study and check the design working drawing before fabrication, make shop drawing and get approval from designer then prepare material for fabrication.2、根據(jù)構(gòu)件類型、數(shù)量、用材制定加工計(jì)劃和加工程序。Make a plan and program for fabrication as per the type, quantity and materi

7、al of the structural members.3、編制施工工藝和技術(shù)措施，以及對(duì)加工用的設(shè)備制定檢查維護(hù)計(jì)劃，使機(jī)械設(shè)備處于良好狀態(tài)。Write construction techniques and technical measures, and the equipment regular examine and maintain plan, keep the machinery in good condition.（二）、主材采購(gòu)計(jì)劃Material requirements:1、對(duì)工程用的材料應(yīng)進(jìn)行選定和確認(rèn)。Select and confirm the material f

8、or the project.2、各種材料均應(yīng)有質(zhì)量證明書和出廠合格證。若有疑議則應(yīng)按國(guó)家有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定進(jìn)行抽樣檢驗(yàn)， 經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)合格后方可批量使用。All kinds of material should be with quality guarantee and ex-factory certificate. If there is any doubt, sampling examination should be taken according to relevant national standard, only when passed the examination material i

9、n batches can be used.3、鋼材表面銹蝕等級(jí)應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涂裝前表面銹蝕等級(jí)和除銹等級(jí)規(guī)定。Rust degree of steel surface should conform to the present national standard <rust and rust removal degree before painting>.4、連接材料（焊條、焊絲、焊劑卜高強(qiáng)度螺栓等，以及涂料（底漆和面漆等）均應(yīng)具有出廠質(zhì)量合格證書，并應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)的要求和國(guó)家現(xiàn)行有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定Jointing material （welding rod, solder, flu

10、x）, high strength bolt, and coating（ under coat and top coating） should be with ex-factory quality certificate and conform to the design and national standard.5、嚴(yán)禁使用藥皮脫落或焊芯生銹的焊條、受潮結(jié)塊或已熔燒過的焊劑以及銹蝕、碰傷或混批的高強(qiáng) 度螺栓。If the skin of welding rod is peeled off or the core is rust, welding flux is wetting and ag

11、glomerating or melting, the high strength bolt is rust/damaged or taken from different batches, these materials are strictly prohibited.6、防腐油漆應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，并應(yīng)有產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量合格證書及使用說明。Anti-corrosion paint should conform to the design and relevant standard, and with quality certificate and operation instructi

12、on.（三）設(shè)備及工具等準(zhǔn)備Equipment and tool preparation1、對(duì)加工制作使用的設(shè)備應(yīng)事先檢查，進(jìn)行必要的維護(hù)。Check and maintain the fabricating equipment in advance.2、對(duì)加工制作使用的工具和計(jì)量工具應(yīng)具有相當(dāng)?shù)木龋⒍ㄆ谒陀?jì)量檢測(cè)部門進(jìn)行檢測(cè)標(biāo)定。The fabricating tools and measuring instrument should be with certain accuracy, and be examined and marked by the measurement testi

13、ng department regularly.3、焊工必須具有上崗證，且應(yīng)做符合其證書規(guī)定范圍的工作。凡停焊時(shí)間超過半年以上時(shí)，應(yīng)重新 考試合格才可上崗操作。Welder should bearing the qualification certificate, and do the work within the scope stipulated in certificate. If the welding work stopped more than 6 months, the welder should be re-examined and passed the examination

14、.（四）、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制作工藝要點(diǎn)Key points of steel件平直制 孔（沖、鉆）半成品按分類堆放料成品鉆孔 鏟磨除銹 +油漆包裝退火處理loftngCuttng,punching,sawingsawinRa、m*rialcal brcu' tingGa ationbendingEdgemachiningSpare parts_4taightenhigg andboringSemi-ready product storage割Second materialuttingassEn(Endmillingweld nblpar assemPai【btjnE&-factoInte

15、Annealingry removalenuchtrng Rust-四、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝方法Steel structure installation method（一）、安裝前準(zhǔn)備工作Preparations prior to installation根據(jù)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝工程要求，在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝前，必須對(duì)安裝現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了解、場(chǎng)地已清理，吊裝道路應(yīng)通暢堅(jiān)實(shí)，施工電源已明確，并做好如下工作：As per the requirement of steel structure installation, before installation work started, it is need to check and

16、 clear the site, insure the access for hoisting is smooth and firm, and construction power is ready, the following works are also need to do simultaneously:1、對(duì)各組預(yù)埋螺栓進(jìn)行了水平高度、軸線偏移等進(jìn)行測(cè)量，并與土建施工單位做好書面交接記錄。Survey the horizontal level and axial deviation of the all groups of embedded bolts, make records fo

17、r the handing over with the civil work team in writing.2、由于本工程構(gòu)件量多面廣，對(duì)鋼構(gòu)件應(yīng)編號(hào)和確認(rèn)，避免用錯(cuò)位置。The since the quantity of structural members is large and has a great variety, it must be numbered and confirmed to avoid mis-placed.3、會(huì)同業(yè)主或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理進(jìn)行安裝前的相關(guān)檢查和驗(yàn)收。Make necessary inspection and acceptance jointly with t

18、he employer and supervisor before installation.（二）、鋼構(gòu)件運(yùn)輸及堆放Transportation and storage of structural members1、根據(jù)鋼構(gòu)件幾何尺寸、單重合理配備運(yùn)輸車輛，運(yùn)輸中需做好必要的軟墊綁扎。Transport structural members by appropriate vehicle as per the geometric dimension and unit weight, make necessary soft mat and binding during transportatio

19、n.2、鋼構(gòu)件在裝卸、運(yùn)輸過程中，必須輕拿輕放。必要時(shí)墊起，防止損傷漆膜。While loading/unloading and moving the structural members, it must be handled gently. Insert spacer while necessary to avoid damage the painting.3、運(yùn)輸堆放應(yīng)有專人負(fù)責(zé)指揮和管理Someone must be put in charge of transportation and storage.（三）、結(jié)構(gòu)吊裝方法Structure hosting and installat

20、ion method1、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝思路Consideration about installation of steel structure本工程鋼結(jié)構(gòu)為帶有桁車梁的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)門式鋼架，單根剛架平面外剛度小，進(jìn)貨順序從1軸線開始，先安裝12 軸線的剛架，同時(shí)安裝柱間支撐、屋面支撐并校正形成穩(wěn)定的空間體系后，再向29軸線推進(jìn)，鋼柱采用單機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)法吊裝，鋼梁地面拼裝后采用雙機(jī)抬吊法。桁架式托梁采用地面螺栓拼接，雙機(jī)抬吊法。吊車梁高度距屋面檁條距離有3.5 米，滿足最小起吊高度，可在屋面結(jié)構(gòu)安裝完成后或穿插結(jié)構(gòu)吊裝過程中進(jìn)行。The type the structure in this project is

21、 a standard portal-framed structure with moving crane beam, externalrigidity of a single frame is small, the sequence of mobilization of structure is start from grid line 1, firstinstall steel frame at grid line 12, bracing to column and roof installed and adjusted simultaneously to form a stable sp

22、ace system, then moved to grid line 29. Steel column to be hoisted and installed through Singe-Crane-Rotating-method, the steel beam to be hoisted through Two-Crane-Lifting-method after assembled on the ground. Truss trimmer to be assembled with bolts on the ground and hoisted through Two-Crane-Lift

23、ing-method. Space between crane beam and roof purlin is 3.5m, it is enough for minimum hosting space, and can be done after the structure installed or alternated in.2、鋼柱的吊裝與校正Hoisting and installation and adjustment of steel column(1) 鋼柱采用旋轉(zhuǎn)法吊裝，吊裝示意圖如下：Steel column to be hoisted through Rotating Met

24、hod, diagrammatic drawing as follows:(a)平面布置；(b)旋轉(zhuǎn)過程；1柱平放時(shí)，2起吊旋轉(zhuǎn)法吊裝示意簡(jiǎn)圖(a) plan layout (b) rotating process 1-column lain down 2-hoistingRotating Method Hoisting Diagrammatic Drawing(2)吊裝應(yīng)有專人指揮，吊裝前進(jìn)行安全、質(zhì)量、技術(shù)的詳細(xì)交底。Someone must be in charge of hoisting and installation, safety, quality and technology

25、to be talked over in details before hoisting.為提高吊裝效率，在堆放柱時(shí)，盡量使柱的綁扎點(diǎn)、柱腳中心與基礎(chǔ)中心三點(diǎn)共圓弧。For the efficient hosting, while piling the columns, put the binding point/column footing center/base center at a same arc.(4)起吊時(shí)吊機(jī)將綁扎好的柱子緩緩吊起離地20cm后暫停，檢查吊索牢固和吊車穩(wěn)定，同時(shí)打開回轉(zhuǎn)剎車，然后將鋼柱下放到離安裝面40100 mm ,對(duì)準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)線，指揮吊車下降，把柱子插入錨固螺

26、栓臨時(shí)固定，并在兩個(gè)方向采用臨時(shí)拉結(jié)穩(wěn)定柱子的結(jié)構(gòu)。While the column is being hoisted slowly 20cm above the floor, stop hoisting for a while to check the sling and crane, open the swing brake, then put the column down at 40100 mm to the installation plane, align to the datum line, direct the crane descend, insert the column

27、to the anchor bolt and fixed temporarily, tie the column at two direction to stable the column structure.(5)鋼柱經(jīng)初校正后，待垂直度偏差控制在20mm以內(nèi)方可使起重機(jī)脫鉤，鋼柱的垂直度用經(jīng)緯儀檢驗(yàn)，如有偏差立即進(jìn)行校正，在校正過程中隨時(shí)觀察底部和標(biāo)高控制塊扎之間是否脫空，以防校正 過程中造成水平標(biāo)高誤差。After initial adjustment of the column, only when the vertical deviation controlled within 20

28、mm then can remove the hook of crane, check the verticality with theodlite, any deviation to be adjusted immediately, while adjustment is being done, observe the bottom and level control block to avoid horizontal level deviation.(6)柱子的垂直校正，測(cè)量用兩臺(tái)經(jīng)緯儀安置在縱橫軸線上，先對(duì)準(zhǔn)柱底垂直翼緣板或中線，再漸漸仰視到柱頂，如中線偏離視線，表示柱子不垂直，可指揮調(diào)

29、節(jié)拉繩或支撐，可用撬動(dòng)等方法使柱子 垂直。在實(shí)際工作中，常把成排的柱子都豎起來，然后進(jìn)行校正。這時(shí)可把兩臺(tái)經(jīng)緯儀分別安置在 縱橫軸線一側(cè)，偏離中線一般不得大于3m。在吊裝屋架時(shí)或安裝豎向構(gòu)件時(shí)，還須對(duì)鋼柱進(jìn)行復(fù)核校正。Vertical adjustment of the column, fix two theodlites to the longitudinal and transverse axis, first aim at the column bottom wing or center line then move upward to the column top, if the ce

30、nter line drifted off the line of sight, to adjust the tie rope or support, make the column to be vertical through prying. Usually to erect a row of columns first then to do adjustment. At that time, two theodlites can be placed at one side of longitudinal and transverse axis, deviation to the cente

31、rline not more than 3m. while hoisting roof truss or installing vertical members, the steel column must be re-check and adjusted.2、鋼梁的吊裝Hoisting and installation of steel beam(1) 1)吊裝思路：鋼架整體跨度約 135米，鋼梁共分9節(jié)制作及運(yùn)輸，最大截面鋼梁節(jié)重量為 2.5 噸，采用分節(jié)安裝的方法。本工程鋼柱、鋼梁、平臺(tái)梁及楝條的安裝均采用分件吊裝法：一是對(duì)鋼 柱依次進(jìn)行吊裝；二是對(duì)柱間支撐進(jìn)行吊裝；三是對(duì)屋面梁、水平支

32、撐、聯(lián)系梁依次進(jìn)行吊裝。2）吊裝順序：卜第一步吊裝5-8軸線鋼梁，并安裝到位。將4-5軸線的兩根鋼梁在地面上拼裝成一個(gè)整體，然后吊裝到位，并拉設(shè)鋼絲繩穩(wěn)固。將3-4軸線的鋼梁在地面上拼裝成一根梁，并吊裝到位，用纜風(fēng)繩穩(wěn)固。然后吊裝到位。并用纜風(fēng)繩穩(wěn)固。3）吊裝機(jī)械的選擇根據(jù)上面鋼梁柱的吊裝方案，確認(rèn)該工程最大吊裝重量為鋼梁的吊裝，根據(jù)鋼架的截面特征,最大重量約5噸。鋼梁采用四點(diǎn)起板法吊裝，四點(diǎn)均用鋼絲繩抱屋架梁用卸扣鎖住，并用切口鋼管包扎。鋼梁吊點(diǎn)綁扎示意圖。卜機(jī)的選用吊機(jī)選用兩臺(tái)16TM汽車吊，作為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)卸貨、短駁、吊裝鋼柱、抬吊鋼梁所用。16噸汽車吊機(jī)額定性能表回轉(zhuǎn)主臂長(zhǎng)度（m）主臂+付臂半

33、徑(m)9.912.5814.9717.3519.7322.1224.524.5+7.53163.513.7612.72411.6811.6810.084.510.210.29.368.459.289.049.047.765.58.36887.286.4867.447.27.26.86.085.675.795.845.925.765.364.884.484.794.854.934.984.74.3494.134.214.24.33.83.5101.353.433.483.523.431.9122.652.622.662.692.721.4141.992.032.062.081.2161.51.

34、51.51.0181.051.050.95200.800.65220.650.5024270.45 0.4最大作業(yè)半徑：R=27m額定起重量G=16T支腿跨度：5.34MX 5.1m吊裝載荷Q1組裝鋼梁重：Q=5T不均勻系數(shù)：K1=1.1動(dòng)載系數(shù)：K2=1.05風(fēng)載系數(shù)：K3=1.3基本風(fēng)壓： W0=17.5Kg/m2S:迎風(fēng)面積S 鋼梁=1.33 30.6=41m2結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)載： W1= K3K W0< S鋼梁 =1.3 17.5 41=932Kg=1T計(jì)算載荷：Q計(jì)=Q K1 K2+W1 =5X1.1 M.05+1=6.775T吊鉤重：q1=0.4T吊索具重：q2=0.2T吊裝載荷：Q1

35、=Q計(jì)+q1+ q2=6.775+0.4+0.2=7.375T結(jié)論：考慮迎風(fēng)荷載等鋼梁最大起重量約7.375噸，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑考慮 5米，主臂長(zhǎng)度約15米左右，吊機(jī)起重量 9噸> 7.375噸，故安全。4）鋼梁的臨時(shí)支撐鋼梁安裝后，在形成空間單元前易失穩(wěn)，應(yīng)采用臨時(shí)拉結(jié)固定，常用拉結(jié)方式如圖示：拉結(jié)方法采用直徑12的鋼絲繩作為攬風(fēng)繩，等主結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定后拆除。第一根鋼梁采用臨時(shí)攬風(fēng)固定， 第二根結(jié)構(gòu)安裝過程中與第一根結(jié)構(gòu)用楝條拉結(jié)，以保證穩(wěn)定。5）鋼梁翻身就位后需要進(jìn)行多次試吊并及時(shí)重新綁扎吊索，試吊時(shí)吊車起吊一定要緩慢上升，做到 各吊點(diǎn)位置受力均勻并以鋼梁不變形為最佳狀態(tài)，達(dá)到要求后即進(jìn)行吊升旋轉(zhuǎn)

36、到設(shè)計(jì)位置，再由人 工在地面拉動(dòng)預(yù)先扣在大梁上的控制繩，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到位后，即可用板鉗來定柱梁孔位，同時(shí)用高強(qiáng)螺栓 固定。因該工程第一次起吊鋼梁長(zhǎng)度為46米左右，應(yīng)設(shè)五道攬風(fēng)繩拉結(jié)聯(lián)系，在固定的同時(shí)，用線錘檢查其垂直度。第二根后的大梁則用屋面檀條及連系梁加以臨時(shí)固定，After the steel beam turned over and positioned, trial hoist must be done repeatedly and bond again , while trial hoist is being carried out it must be lifted slowly, the

37、 best state is that uniform force at each point and the beam will not deformed, then to hoist and rotate to the designed position, pull the controlling rope buckled on the beam in advance by hand on the ground, rotating to the position, fix the column and beam connecting hole with high strength bolt

38、. Since the first hoisted beam length is 46m, 5 guy ropes should be tied, while fixing it, check the verticality with pendant. The second and the after beams to be fixed temporarily by the roof purlin and tie beam.6）在吊裝鋼梁時(shí)還須對(duì)鋼柱進(jìn)行復(fù)核，此時(shí)一般采用葫蘆拉鋼絲繩纜索進(jìn)行檢查，待大梁安裝完后 方可松開纜索。對(duì)鋼梁屋脊線也必須控制。使屋架與柱兩端中心線等值偏差，這樣各跨鋼屋架

39、均在 同一中心線上。Re-check the column while hoisting the beam, normally use the chain block and steel wire rope, the rope to be removed till the beam installed. The steel beam ridge line must be controlled. Make the deviation between the truss and the column ends center line be equal, so that all the roof t

40、russ to be at a same center line.（四）高強(qiáng)螺栓連接The connection of the high density bolt（ 1） 、材料Material1、螺栓、螺母、墊圈均應(yīng)附有質(zhì)量合格證明，并應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。The bolt, nut and washers will be accompanied with the quality pass certificate of which is complied withthe national standard and the specification.2、螺栓、螺母、墊圈應(yīng)保證配套，螺

41、紋不得有損壞，保持清潔、干燥狀態(tài)，并應(yīng)按規(guī)格分類存放在倉(cāng)庫(kù)內(nèi)。The bolt, nut and washers should be in uniform. The thread should not be worn-out. It should be in cleanand dry state and be kept in the storage according to the specification.（ 2） 、螺栓安裝前準(zhǔn)備工作Preparation to the bolt before installation1、檢查各安裝構(gòu)件位置是否正確，是否符合鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收規(guī)范（

42、GB50205-2001 ）的精度要求。Check each part of the installation is in right position and make sure that the installation is comply with the“ Regulation for check and acceptance to the quality of steel structure work-2001 ” code no. GB5022、檢查安裝母材的螺栓孔的孔徑及孔距尺寸，孔邊的光滑度是否符合要求，如有毛刺應(yīng)徹底清除。Check the main material wit

43、h the hole is correct in diameter and the size. Make sure that the smooth is metthe specified requirement. If there is thread on the main material, we immediately remove it.3、熟悉安裝施工圖紙及施工計(jì)劃，并準(zhǔn)備好操作扳手設(shè)備及相關(guān)機(jī)具。We shall familiar with the installation construction drawing and program schedule and make full

44、 preparation to the work spanner and the other related equipment.4、準(zhǔn)備好檢測(cè)工具。Preparation to the measuring tools（ 3） 、操作工藝The workmanship1、連接處鋼板應(yīng)平直，板邊、孔邊無毛刺，以保證摩擦面緊貼。接頭處有翹曲或變形時(shí)必須進(jìn)行校正，并不得損傷摩擦面。The connection to the steel plate must be straight, the side and hole should contain no thorn to make sure the

45、surface is closely attached. If there is the bending, we shall make necessary adjustment and avoid the damage to the fraction surface.2、裝配前應(yīng)清除孔邊污染的油污、油漆。Before fixing, we shall clean dirty oil and paint on the hole side.3、安裝時(shí)，首先用臨時(shí)螺栓拼裝，個(gè)數(shù)不應(yīng)少于接頭螺栓總數(shù)的1/3。方法是先用鋼穿桿對(duì)準(zhǔn)孔位，在適當(dāng)位置插入臨時(shí)螺栓擰緊螺母，每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)至少放入兩個(gè)臨時(shí)螺栓。不允

46、許使用高強(qiáng)螺栓兼做臨時(shí)螺栓。一個(gè)安裝段完成后，經(jīng)檢查確認(rèn)合格后方可安裝高強(qiáng)度螺栓。Before installation, we shall use temporary bolt to fix in position, the number will be more than one third of the total number for the connected bolt. The method is pre adjust the steel hole and put the temporary bolt inside and then use the nut to screw it.

47、 There will be two temporary bolts in each point. Not allowed to use the high density bolt to be served as the temporary bolt. After one section is completed, then to check it and confirmed then to carry out the work with the high density bolt.4、安裝高強(qiáng)度螺栓，結(jié)構(gòu)中心位置經(jīng)調(diào)整檢查無誤后，即安裝高強(qiáng)螺栓（本工程采用雙螺母扣緊）。墊圈放置在螺母一側(cè)，不

48、得裝反。如螺栓不能自由穿入螺孔時(shí)，要用鉸刀修孔后再穿入，不得強(qiáng)行用力打入，以防螺紋損傷，修孔后清理毛刺。While install the high density bolt, we shall make sure that the central position is check and no mistake and then procedure the work of the high density bolt （This project adopt the double nut screw tight）. The washer will be put on one side of th

49、e nut and be sure not in opposite direction. If the bolt cannot be through the hole freely, we shall use the knife to adjust the hole and then procedure the work. It should not use the force to go through the hole so as to avoid the damage to the thread. Clean the thorn after adjusting the hole.5、高強(qiáng)

50、螺栓的緊固：一般分兩次進(jìn)行，第一次為初擰，緊固至螺栓設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)拉力的50%60%,第二次為終擰，緊固至螺栓設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)拉力，偏差不大于± 10%。預(yù)拉力按設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范確定。施工中扳手扭矩公式Tc=k*Pc*d k=0.110.15Pc（設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)拉力）二螺栓直徑The tight for high density bolt: This work will be in two stage, the first stage is called preliminary tight, the tight force is about 50%-60% of the designed pre-pull force

51、. The second stage is called the final tight. The tight force will reach the designed pull force. The deviation will be less than 10%. The pre-pull force will ± be determined according to the designed specification. During the work, the spanner force formula will be Tc=k*Pc*d k=0.110.15 Pc（desi

52、gned pre-pull force） d=the diameter of the bolt.6、檢查扭矩扳手標(biāo)定記錄和螺栓的施工記錄，當(dāng)有疑議時(shí)應(yīng)檢查螺栓初擰記錄。Check the turn space spanner mark record and the bolt construction record. If there is any questioning, we shall check the preliminary tight record.（ 4） 、質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Quality standard1、高強(qiáng)螺栓的形式、規(guī)格和技術(shù)條件必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，必須進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)確定扭

53、矩系數(shù)或復(fù)驗(yàn)螺栓預(yù)拉力，應(yīng)檢查合格證及試驗(yàn)報(bào)告。The high density bolt s type, specification and the technical condition should be comply with the designed specification and the related standard. We must carry out the test to determine the turn space coefficient and recheck bolt pre-pull force and check the quality pass cer

54、tificate and the test report.2、螺栓連接面的摩擦系數(shù)必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，表面嚴(yán)禁有氧化鐵皮、毛刺、焊疤、 油漆和油污等。The connection surface for the bolt in friction coefficient will be complied with the designed requirementand the related specification. On its surface, there should be no rust, thorn, welding remaining, dirty oil and p

55、aint, etc.3、高強(qiáng)螺栓必須分二次擰緊，初擰、終擰質(zhì)量必須符合施工規(guī)范和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)用高強(qiáng)螺栓的專門規(guī)定。The high density bolt must be tight in two stage, the quality of the preliminary and final tight should be complied with the construction regulation and the related specification.4、高強(qiáng)螺栓穿入方向應(yīng)一致，絲扣外露不少于2 扣。The high density bolt will be put through in the same direction and the thread rings should less than 2 rings.5、摩擦面間隙應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)驗(yàn)收規(guī)范要求。The fri