中國文化習(xí)題及答案

1、中國化練題及答案PartUnit 1W i sd o m a n d B e l i e f sConfucian Thought on Heaven and HumanityHomework:(一) Questions:1) What is The Analects mainly about?2) What is Confucius view on Heaven?3) What is Confucius innovative idea about Heaven?4) What does the “ heavenly mission” refer to?5) How is Confucius

2、concept of Heaven related to the modern ecological civilization?6) What is Confucius interpretation of ren?7) According to Confucius, what is the most important part of li?8) What qualities are “ persons of virtue” supposed to have?9) Why do people need to study music according to Confucius?天何言哉？四時行

3、焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？生生之謂易。天地之大德曰生。獲罪于天，無所祿也。仁者，人也，親親為大。 父母在，不遠(yuǎn)游，游必有方。父母之年，不可不知也。一則以喜，一則以懼。 己欲立而立人，己欲達(dá)而達(dá)人。 己所不欲，勿施于人。子生三年，然后免于父母之懷。 禮之用，和為貴。知之者不如好之者，好之者不如樂之者。(二) Translation1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)9)10)11)12)(三) Careful Reading1、Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the following questions

4、.1) All the following are the titles of Confucius EXCEPT .A. an educator B. a biologist C. a scholar D. a philosopher2) The expression “filial piety ” most probably means being .A. loyal to the stateB. obedient to sister(s)C. responsibleD. dutiful to parents3) Which of the following can best describ

5、e Confucius view on the relationship between man and nature/Heaven?A. Brothers. B. Husband and wife.C. Doctor and patient.D. Mother and son.4) Through burial and ancestral worship rituals, people can learn that.A. nature is lifeless so it will never dieB. individual s life can be everlasting by join

6、ing natureC. they should be grateful to their parents for giving them livesD. individual s lifespan is short, so they should enjoy life as much as possible5) Which of the following is the most important part of Confucius curriculum?A. Music. B. Calligraphy C. VirtueD. Mathematics6) Zi lu, Ran You an

7、d Gongxi Chis aspirations represent, while Zeng Dian sreflects.A. personal ambition; selfishnessB. lofty ideals; meaningless pursuitC. personal struggle; generous contributionD. individual contribution to society; harmony(四) Communication1) God bless2) Thank God3) Please God4) For Gods sake5) God fo

8、rbid6) Man proposes, God disposes.7) God helps those who help themselves.Answers(一) Questions1. 1) The Analects is mainly about Confuciuswords and life story.2) Confucius regarded Heaven as nature.3) Confucius innovative idea about Heaven is that Heaven (or nature) is the process of life creation.4)

9、 The heavenly mission is to accomplish Heaven s purpose of protecting and improving life.5) Confucius advocated “ standing in awe of the ordinances of Heaven” and warned against offending Heaven. This is, in essence, equivalent to the modern idea of staying in harmony with nature. So in this way Con

10、fucius concept of Heaven is similar to the modern ecological civilization.6) Confucius interpreted ren as love of people, which begins with the love for ones parents.7) According to Confucius, the most important part of li is the burial and ancestral worship rituals.8) Persons of virtue are supposed

11、 to have sound character and uplifted minds and they can shoulder important social responsibilities and make contributions to society.9) According to Confucius, studying music can lift ones spirit and help one appreciate beauty.(二) Translation1) Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the

12、rotation of the four seasonsand the growth of all living things.2) Continuous creation of life is change.3) The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating life.4) He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5) The greatest love for people is the love for ones parents.6) Children sho

13、uld not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7) Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the healthand Ion gevity of their paren ts. They should also feel concern for the agi ng of th

14、eir paren ts.8) While fulfilling one own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9) Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.10) A child should not leave his parents bosom until he is three years old.11) The role of li is to mai ntai n harm ony among peop le.12) Simply k

15、nowing the highest sta ndard of virtue is not as good as sett ing it as one goal. Sett ing it as ones goal is not as good as enjoying practicing of it.(三) Careful ReadingB D D B C D(四) Communication1) 上帝保佑用于向某人表示關(guān)愛謝天謝地，感謝上帝但愿用于表示非常強(qiáng)烈的愿望看在上帝的份上，行行好把表示某事很重要 但愿（某事）不會發(fā)生謀勢在人，成事在天。 自助者天助也2)3)4)5)6)7)Unit

16、2 Laozi P hilos ophy of Non-actionAssignment- fill in the blanks?1) Laozi s thought has a great in flue nee on the characteristics： trends of thought： and aesthetic sen sibilitiesof the Chin ese people.everyth ing in the world has its2) The exa mp les of birds, fish, clouds and flowers are used to i

17、llustrate that own way of being and devel opment.3) The differenee between great ingenuity and ordinary ingenuity liesinthe fact that the latter can beachieved through huma n effort, but the former is superior to the latter.4) In order to become strong, one should start with one s own weak points：in

18、stead of oppressing the weak.5) In Laozi s opinion, fragility is the symbol of life.6) The highest level of one s cultivation is to return to the state of a newborn baby, who is free of any kno wledge, desire: imp urity or falsehood .7) People fight and deceive one ano ther out of desire.8) Accordin

19、g to the laws of nature, people should not rob the poor and oppress the weak.Assignment- translation?1.順應(yīng)自然。? Follow the way of n ature.?2.無為而無不為。Act through non-acti on.3.大巧若拙。?Great ingen uity app ears to be stu pidity.?4.以柔弱勝剛強(qiáng)。?Overcome the str ong by being weak.?5.不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵。Win a war without figh

20、ti ng water.6.兼愛。Love for all.7. 上善若水。The greatest virtue is like water.8. 人往高處走，水往低處流。Humans tend to seek higher positions.9. 無欲則剛。One is invincible because he desires nothing and contends for nothing. 10. 返璞歸真。? Return to the state of a newborn baby. Assignment translation? 1. Nature is conquered

21、by obeying her. ? 順應(yīng)自然方能征服自然。2.He that follows nature is never out of his way. 按自然規(guī)律辦事的人絕不會迷失方向。3.The drop of rains makes a hole in the stone, not by violence, butby the frequency of falling.滴水穿石，非蠻力所致，皆因堅(jiān)持不懈。Unit 3Sunzi s Art of War: Source for All Books on WarAssignment - Answer questions? 1) Why

22、is Sunzi s Art of War regarded as the greatest among so many books on war? Sunzi s Art of War is regarded as the greatest among so many books on war because it excels over the otherbooks in terms of strategy design, philosophical grounding and in tactical application.2) What did Sunzi mean by “treac

23、hery”?By “ treachery ” Sunzi meant that deceiving the enemy with false impressions.3) Why is “ Winning a war without fighting it ” advocated by Sunzi?“ Winning a war without fighting it” is advocaSteudnzbiybecause he wanted to avoid large-scale killing anddestruction.4) According to Sunzi s dialecti

24、cal thinking. What should commanders consider?According to the dialectical thinking of Sunzi, commanders should consider gains and losses from both positive and negative sides.5) Suppose our troops have strength similar to the enemy troops, how can we win an absolute advantage over the enemy?Suppose

25、 our troops have the similar strength with the enemy troops, we can win an absolute advantage over the enemy by dispersing the enemy troops.6) What does Sunzi s Art of War begin and end with?Sunzi s Art of War begins and ends with warnings against war.7) What are the first three countries that publi

26、shed the translation of Sunzi s Art of War?The first three countries that published the translation of Sunzi s Art of War are Japan, Republic of Korea and France.Assignment-careful reading? 2) The word “ treachery ” in Sunzi s Art of War is closest in meaning to? A. deception? B. betrayal? C. preach

27、ing? D. irritation3) The strategy of the lowest level in a war is toA. use different strategiesB. frustrate the diplomacy of the enemyC. attack the army of the enemyD. attack the city of the enemy D4) From Sunzi s warning, we can infer that sometimes a war could be declared just becauseA. one countr

28、y was under attack from anotherB. the king or emperor just wanted to invade another countryC. the ruler was irritated for the time beingD. the commander and general had a bad temper CAssignment- translation? 1) 先計(jì)而后戰(zhàn)? Planning before going to war.? 2) 知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。? One can fight and win a hundred wars

29、 if one knows both oneself and the enemy.? 3) 兵以詐立。? The army survives by treachery.? 4)利而誘之，亂而取之，實(shí)而備之，強(qiáng)而避之，怒而撓之，卑而驕之，佚而勞之，親而離之。Tempt the enemy with gains, attack the enemy when they are in disorder, be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength, avoid the enemy when they are stronger, a

30、ggravate the enemy when they are angry, cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are prudent, tire the enemy when they are at rest, sow discord among the enemy when they are united.5) 攻其無備，出其不意。Attack the enemy at an unexpected time and place.6) 不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵。 Winning a war without fighting it.7) 亂生于治

31、，怯生于勇，弱生于強(qiáng)。Chaos compares with order, cowardice with bravery, and weakness with strength.8) 兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.Unit 4 Chinese Characters: Poetic SymbolsAssignment:? 1) Which of the following is irrelevant to th

32、e pictographic symbols of Chinese characters? A. Aspiration. B. Imagination. C. Creativity. D. Allusion.? 2) Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan University? A. The characters both stand for “the sun rising on the horizon ”.? B.The name is taken from a Chinese classical poe

33、m.? C. The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.? D. The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress day by day.? 3) Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures? A) Mandarin Chinese.? B) Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.? C) Oracle-bone

34、inscription.? D) Seal characters.? 4) The symbol for “swimming ”is closed to .A) oracle-b one in scri pti onB) man dari n Chin eseC) seal charactersD) none of the above5) The symbol for athletics contains the ingredients of.A) dancing and runningB) running and swingingC) dancing and swingingD) triat

35、hl on and football1) A 2) D 3) B 4) C 5) A2. Find from the passage the English interpretations of the following characters containing 日 as an element.Charactersn ter pr etati ons1)旦The sun ris ing on the horiz on2)朝The morning sun rising and shi ning over the flow ing river3)暮The sun sett ing into a

36、 forest4)明The moon shi ning through the win dowUnit 5 The Great WallAssignment- True or False1) The con structi on of the Great Wall took more tha n 2000 years and in volved 19 states.2) The driv ing force for buildi ng the Great Wall is to p rotect lives and p eace from wars.3) In history, the n or

37、ther n peop les were mostly en gaged in farming.4) The Great Wall pr ovided an effective shelter for the souther n troops aga inst the no rther n cavalry.5) The Great Wall pr ovided an effective shelter for the souther n troops aga inst the no rther n cavalry.6) The sp irit of the Great Wall is that

38、 of “ a com mon will and con certed effort ”.7) Blockhouses, garris on tow ns, p asses built at strategic poin ts, and beac on towers are men ti oned to show the magn ifice nee and variety of the Great Wall.8) Wan gji ng Tower is one of the best p laces to app reciate the beauty of Beiji ng City.Ans

39、wer questions1) How long is the Great Wall at prese nt?The Great Wall is as long as 6700 kilometers.2) I n which resp ects is the Great Wall unp aralleled?The Great Wall is unp aralleled in its scale and span of con structi on, as well as in the great qua ntities of labor and the degree of difficult

40、y in volved.3) What are Su Yat-se n s quotati ons used to dem on strate in the p assage?Sun Yat-sen s quotations are used in the text to illustrate the great significanee of the Great Wall in the devel opment of Chin ese civilizti on.4) What does “ The Great Wall played a role in a new economic stru

41、cture ”?A new economic structure refers to the enhancing of agricultural economy in the south and the pastoral economy in the no rth, and the excha nge betwee n the two.5) What does the Lege nd of Lady Men gjia ng symbolize?The Lege nd of Lady Men gjia ng symbolizes the sufferi ngs of the people due

42、 to the con structi on of the GreatWall and their hatred for the tyranni cal First Emp eror of Qin.filling in the tableAreasLa nd/ SoilClimatePr oducti onLife StyleTheNorthp astoralcoldPr oductsofan imal husba ndrymobileTheSoutharablewarmAgricultural p roductsstableAssignment - English to Chinese1）眾

43、志成城Efforts joi nted by many can build the Great Wall.2）由今觀之，倘無長城之捍衛(wèi)，則中國亡于北狄，不待宋明而在楚漢時代矣。如是則中國民族必?zé)o漢 唐之發(fā)展昌大而同化南北之種族也。See n from today, if it had not bee n for the pr otecti on of the Great Wall, Chin ese civilizati on would have bee n in terru pted by the n orther n peoples in the late Qin or early Ha

44、n dyn asties, l ong before the Song and Ming dynasties. In that case, there would not have been the prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties, or the in tegrati on of souther n and n orther n peopl es.3)把我們的血肉，筑成我們新的長城。Build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood.Unit 6A silent ArmyAssignment- A

45、nswer questions?1)What is the sig nifica nee of the Terracotta Army of the First Emp eror of Qin?Itis notonly a great legacy of the First Emperor of Qin militarymight, but also a superb paradigm ofan cie nt Chin ese scul pture.?2)Whichof the four pits is the largest? How large is it?Pit No. 1is the

46、largest, with an area of more tha n 14000 squaremeters.?3) What are the four formati ons in Pit No. 2?The four formati on in P it No. 2 are one of archers in the east, one of war chariots to its right, a bigger chariotformati on in the middle and a formatio n of horseme n and saddled horses to the l

47、eft.4) What was P it No. 3 p robably inten ded as?Pit No. 3 was p robably inten ded as headquarters of the left, cen tral and right divisi ons of the en tire army.5) What is the similarity betwee n P it No.3 and Pit No.4?The similarity betwee n P it No. 3 and P it No. 4 is that both of them n ot to

48、have bee n comp leted.6) Which asp ects of the Terracotta Army imp ress people dee ply?What imp ress people dee ply are the impr essive size of the army and the masterful craftsma nship of the scu lp tures.7) What is Paragra ph 11 main ly about?Paragra ph 11 is mainly about the detailed descri pti o

49、n of the scu lp tures, show ing how vivid they are and how masterful the craftsma nshi p of the scu lp tures is.8) How many terracotta horses are there in the three p its? There are more than 600 terracotta horses in the three pits. Assignment Careful Reading? 1) From the passage, we can infer that_

50、? A. the Terracotta Army was dug out by villagers in Xianyang? B. the archeologists discovered the Terracotta Army by chance? C. the warriors and horses were made of pottery? D. the Terracotta Army was designed by the First Emperor? 1) C? 2) Which of the following is NOT found in Pit No. 1? A. Soldi

51、ers. B. Commanders. C. Archers. D. Chariots.2) Cmain parts.3) The formation of Pit No. 1 can be divided intoA) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 53) B4) One of the differences between Pit No. 2 and Pit No. 1 is thatA. the former has more soldiers than the latterB. the former has more war chariots than the latterC. the

52、 soldiers hold more modern weapons in Pit No. 2D. the war chariot was drawn by horses in the former rather than by soldiers as in the latter.4) B5) Which of the following is NOT true about Pit No. 3?A. It lies to the west of Pit No. 1.B. It looks like in 凹 shape.C. It has the least warriors among th

53、e four pits.D. It was not finished probably.5) C6) The examples in Paragraph 12 are used to illustrateA. how vivid the warriors and horses areB. how impressive the size of the Terracotta Army isC. what kind of suits people wore at that timeD. how attentive the soldiers were6) A7) What is implied but

54、 not stated in Paragraph 12?A. Each of the archer s hair was tied in a knot.B. The bows and arrows were preserved underground.C. The archers were waiting for the order to shoot.D. The Archer were in the half-squatting and half-kneeling posture.7) C8) The sculpture of the horses are made to seemA. al

55、ert B. gentle C. fierce? 8) AAssignment translate into English ? 1) ? 2) ? 3)軍陣前鋒 指揮官1) battle formation2)3)the front echeloncommander4)鎧甲4)armorD. handsome后衛(wèi)5)rear guard戰(zhàn)車6)chariot弓箭手7)archer騎兵8)horseman步兵9)foot soldier總指揮部10)headquar5)6)7)8)9)10)Unit 7Peking Opera: Artistry of performersExercisesI

56、.Skimming and ScanningGo through the passage quickly and judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.1) Peking Opera masks have been regards as a symbol of Chinese culture by many countries.2) The beauty of Peking Opera lies in the diverse colors of Peking Opera masks.3) One purpose of Peking Opera masks is to help people learn about the characters of the roles.4) The example of Zhang Fei is to show how varied the designs of Peking Opera masks are.5) In appreciating Peking Opera, the plot of the story may not be the most important.6) The mos