中考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧

1、.中考英語閱讀理解的解題技巧【考點分析】閱讀理解旨在考查學(xué)生閱讀、理解的能力。近幾年來，中考英語題中的閱讀理解材料新穎，題材豐富，考查學(xué)生綜合推斷能力、 根據(jù)語篇猜單詞意思的能力的力度加大，考查學(xué)生關(guān)注細節(jié)的能力占很大部分。所以學(xué)生往往要么沒能正確理解語篇中某些句子的意思，在細節(jié)題上丟分， 要么就是對語篇的整體把握不夠，在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分。那么到底怎么做好閱讀理解這一題型呢？一、解題思路（一）先讀問題，弄清考查要點，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。（二）快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息，如果時間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想

2、一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答題。（三）細讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點：1 抓住四個 "W"和一個 "H" ，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把 What ( 事件 ) ，When（時間）， Where （地點）， Why（原因）， How（經(jīng)過）劃出來。抓住了四個“ W”和一個“ H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。2抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因為這些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。 這對考生分清文章層次， 辨

3、明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點，都具有舉足輕重的作用。3 注意領(lǐng)會文章的寓意。4 根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細審題，領(lǐng)會測試要求，確定解題方法。對那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個答案再作推敲而浪費時間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。 歸納解題法。對于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進行概括、歸納得出正確答案。綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認真分析，綜合推理及至計算，最后歸納出正確答案。題干中有 "sug

4、gest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼時，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。 排除法。根據(jù)語言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識，在沒有把握的選項中用排除法得出正確答案。四、重讀原文，仔細斟酌核對答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想

5、統(tǒng)率各思考題， 研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系， 目的在于對所做答案進一步審查， 推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。二、題型分類初中英語閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以順利做好這些題目：（一）選擇符合文章的選項（二）判斷正誤【典型例題分析】（一）根據(jù)內(nèi)容，從短文后每題的四個選項中選擇最佳的一項。;.Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. "Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, bu

6、t you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次） .Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤） fires in the world. They are harmful（有害） and dangerous. Then how to put them

7、 out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃燒） of underground coal would be soon finished（.被燒完）。1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _.A. at the age of sevenB. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898D. more than（超過） 80 years

8、 ago2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _. A. it was in the hole B. it was very hotC. it was orangeD. it was harmful3. How many coal fires are there in the world? A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say.C. There are 260D. The article（文章） doesn't tell us.

9、4. What s one of the best ways to put（out撲滅） the underground fire?A. To cover（覆蓋） the holes with stones（石塊） .B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments（試驗） .5. What is the best title（標(biāo)題） for the article?A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Co

10、al Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.答案分析1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據(jù)。 at the age of seven 等于 when he was seven，故正確答案為A。2這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為B。3這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為C。4在文章的最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為B。5完成這道題需作一定的歸納，因為文章中沒有給出直接的回答。文章從 Mr Brown 兩次看火，然后說出地下火的危害，最后提出如何滅火的

11、方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊，如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為B。（二）根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤;.Fred telephoned his wife. “ I gotve two free tickets for the theatre tonight, he” told her. “ Meetmeoutside the office. We ll have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Fred s wife was very pleased. They hadn t been to the theatre

12、 for a long time. She met her husbatold her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.Atthe entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “ It verysstrange, he” said. “ Theyaren there!” “ Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets weren t there, either.Then Fred looked very

13、 embarrassed 尷(尬 ).“ What s the matter?” asked his wife.“ Well, ” Fremember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasn t going homoffice!”()1.One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.()2.Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.()3.Fred wanted to meet hi

14、s wife in a restaurant.()4.They reached the theatre neither late nor early.()5.Then Fred couldn t find his tickets and rememberedwhathe had done with the tickets.答案分析：1、T因為第一段中提到Fred told his wife“Ive got two free tickets ”“free ”此處是免費的意思。2、F第二段中提到 “They hadn tbeen to the theaterfor a long time.”3、F

15、第一段中 Fred 說“Meet me outside the office.”4、T第二段中 “in time”是及時的意思。5. T 結(jié)尾處提到的。三、題材分析（一）家庭、朋友與個人情況在中考閱讀理解中， 記敘文閱讀題目的考查難度逐年增加， 多使用貼近學(xué)生生活的素材， 多以故事形式出現(xiàn)。針對這種題型主要抓四大要素，即時間、地點、人物和事件的起因、發(fā)展和結(jié)果，以及人物之間的關(guān)系，從中分析他們的思想品質(zhì)、性格特征等；理解文章大意后，找出關(guān)鍵的句子和一些與考查內(nèi)容有關(guān)的問題所在，這樣，便于我們解題時 “順藤摸瓜 ”，找出問題的答案。這類閱讀一般是對文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的關(guān)鍵句和關(guān)鍵詞是非

16、常重要的。做題思路：先看清題干，帶著問題讀文章，明確把握問題指向，避免“回視 ”現(xiàn)象，提高做題的速度。例如：1990 was a significant year in world eventsIn February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prisonIn October，East and West Germany became one country againThen at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born For this final event we have o

17、ne man to thank， Tim Berners Lee，the father of theWebBerners Lee was born on June ，81955 in London，England His parents， both computer designers， encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew upHe was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science;.After graduat

18、ing from Oxford University ， Tim went to work at a science research centre in SwitzerlandThere he developed some of the different systems that would later become the WebThe first was HTML ，the computer language used to make web pages The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find

19、each other and send and receive informationIn 1990， while still at the science centre in Switzerland， he put them together to make the first Internet browser(瀏覽器 ) It could run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the worldTim knew that the

20、more people used the Web，the more useful it would be He wasn't interested in money but knowledge， so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested Many were interested and the growth of the Internet beganToday Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America ，researching new and

21、interesting ways to use the WebHe has received many awards from governments and organizations for his effortsHe is still not very interested in moneyThat is why he is so admired by his students and workmatesIt may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his na

22、me閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。() 1The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most probably means "_"AstrangeB terribleCimportantD difficult() 2 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?AThe address system was used to make web pagesBThe World Wide Web was c

23、reated in SwitzerlandCThe first web browser was very expensive to buyDMany people could use the Internet before 1990() 3 What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?AHe was encouraged to be creativeBHe didn't do well at schoolCHe is a very poor businessmanDHe is well known all over the

24、world () 4 Where does Berners Lee live today?AEnglandB SwitzerlandCAmericaD Canada() 5 What is the passage mainly about?AThe events that took place in 1990BThe history of the InternetCThe invention of the Internet browserDThe man who created the Word Wide Web;.答案解析：1C 根據(jù)第一段第三、 四句話可知，發(fā)生在 1990 年的世界事件：

25、 東西德統(tǒng)一， World Wide Web 的誕生。由此我們不難推測出， significant 是指 “重要，重大 ”。故選 C。2B根據(jù)第三段 “ .an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receiveinformation. 可知”選項 A 與此不符；根據(jù)第四段可知， Tim 只對知識感興趣而對金錢并不感興趣，因此他免費貢獻出他的發(fā)明 web browser，故選項 C 不正確；根據(jù)第一段，我們知道 web 是在 1990 年誕生的，因此 1990 年前，人們不可能使用 we

26、b，故排除 D。所以正確答案為 B。3A 根據(jù)第二段可知， Tim 學(xué)習(xí)成績優(yōu)秀，故排除 B；文中沒有提 Tim 是個商人，故排除 C；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話 “.few people outside the world of technology know his name”可知 Tim 并非世界聞名，故排除 D。根據(jù)文中第二段 “.encouraged him to think and work creatively.可知正確答案”為 A。4C根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知Tim 現(xiàn)在住在美國。5D這篇文章主要介紹的是Web 之父 Tim Berners Lee（二）學(xué)校生活與語言學(xué)習(xí)校園生活與語

27、言學(xué)習(xí)是中考閱讀理解考查的一個熱點話題， 一方面與學(xué)生生活、 學(xué)習(xí)、交流等息息相關(guān)；另一方面，來自社會，緊貼社會生活， 具有一定的時代感和現(xiàn)實意義。 這類話題多是說明文，做題時要注意說明的對象、內(nèi)容及說明方法。這類題要注意每段話的開頭部分，整體把握材料信息。做題思路：把握信息，找出題眼，梳理信息，進行解答問題。When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boyShe is very outgoing(外向的 )Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skaterOn the

28、evening of February 26th ，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑決賽 ) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games(溫哥華冬奧會 )After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third go

29、ld medal this time With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skating That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics historyJust before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terriblyWith the words of "You can， you can do!&q

30、uot; she won at last She said， "I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team， to ChinaIt was with the help of my team that I won the prize"Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four ，she has been the most successful Chinese skater We are proud of her and her teamWe hope she will be fa

31、ster in Sochi Olympics in 2014閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。() 1 China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skatingA2B3C4D5() 2 It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating finalAwomen's 1000Bmen's 1000Cwomen's 500Dmen's 500() 3 In Wang Me

32、ng's opinion，made her win the prize at lastAa strong bodyBa bad cold;.Cher team's helpDmuch exercise() 4 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AWang Meng is very outgoing like a boyBWang Meng is the most successful Chinese skaterCChinese people are proud of Wang Meng an

33、d her teamDChina has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history答案解析1C由第二段倒數(shù)第二句 “ With this one China won four gold medals.可知正確答案”為 C。2A由第二段第一句 “ .WangMeng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds inwomen's 1000 meters.可知”正確答案為 A 。3C由第一段最后兩句 “ I really feel the

34、se three gold medals belong to my team. with the help of myteam that I won the prize ”可知由于團隊的幫助她才獲得了成功，故正確答案為C。4D由第二段最后一句 “ That helped China first win the team gold medal.可知 D 項的表”述是錯誤的。（三）天氣與自然隨著社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展， 社會和諧已提上日程， 天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成為人們關(guān)注的話題之一。此類話題多是說明文和議論文。 這就要求我們了解說明文和議論文的特點， 這樣才能對問題進一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成

35、命題要求，取得高分。解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對所給信息進行歸納整合例如：Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆 ) They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the yearWhen an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not doDo NOT go outsideYou could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildingsIf y

36、ou are outside， stay away from buildings and power lines(輸電線 )Stay under a desk， table，or other strong furniture Hold on to it Or stay in a corner of the building Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to g

37、o outsideKeep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shakingitself Also keep away from a fire You could fall down and burn yourself on the fireIf

38、 you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safeStay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridgesTry not to stop by power lines or treesThese could fall and hurt you閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。() 1 It isn't safe for you to _ while the earthquake is h

39、appeningArun out of the building;.Bstay in a corner of the buildingCcover your head with your armsDcover your mouth with a towel() 2 From this passage，we know _Amany people fear earthquakesBearthquakes maybe happen at any timeCwe can't save ourselves in an earthquakeDpeople never get injured in

40、earthquakes() 3 The best title for this passage should be "_"AHow Earthquakes HappenBHow to Drive a CarCWhat We Should Do in EarthquakesDWhy Earthquakes Happen答案解析1ABCD 三項在第三段可找到答案；根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知A 項的做法是不安全的，故正確答案為 A。2B根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時會發(fā)生，故B 項為正確答案。3C 通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發(fā)生地震時，我們應(yīng)該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確

41、答案為 C。（四）歷史與地理本話題在中考中所占比例不多，在歷史方面要注意歷史事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因以及有何影響等，而對地理知識的考查，一般多與旅游觀光等內(nèi)容相結(jié)合，這就要求我們了解各地的名勝古跡、遺址等。解題思路：熟悉文章，找準(zhǔn)問題關(guān)鍵所在，提高解題速度和質(zhì)量。例如：On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor( 港 ) was an exciting placeMany people were there to greet a ship from France On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars(火車車廂 )

42、 filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of AmericaThese boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word meaning "thank you")After world War (二戰(zhàn) )，a lot of factories ， roads and farms in France had been destroyed Many French people had no jobs or money and h

43、ad little to wear and little to eatIn the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in cities and towns along the way At every stop，people gave whatever they couldFactories gave clothing and medicineFarmers gave foodFamilies gave moneyEven school children gave away their pock

44、et money(零用錢 )All the things were then taken to France by shipBy 1949 ，the French had begun to recover(恢復(fù) ) from the war The Merci Train was their way of saying "thank you" to AmericaFrench people had filled the boxcars with gifts Most of them were;.personal，like hand-made toys，children

45、9;s drawings，or postcardsBut the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts On each car， the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces， with an American eagle on the frontThe boxcars were taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greetedNow ma

46、ny of the states still keep their boxcars Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museumsThe Merci Train came out of the war，but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平 )閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。() 1 Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd

47、，1949 to _Awelcome the Merci TrainBmeet their familiesChave a big partyDstart a trip by ship() 2 In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order toAgive away clothing and foodB get more soldiers for the warCcollect things to help French peopleDshow exhibitions from the museums() 3 The unde

48、rlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) _Athe American peopleBthe French peopleCthe boxcarsDthe gifts() 4 The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because_Athey thought France was stronger than AmericaBit could show the friendship between the

49、 two countriesCthe boxcars would be more beautifulDthey were very good at painting pictures() 5 The passage is mainly aboutAthe story of the Merci TrainBAmerican museums where the boxcars are keptCgifts that American people liked;.DWorld War 答案解析1A 根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容我們可知許多人來到 New York Harbor 的目的是為了歡迎來自法國的 Merc

50、i Train，故正確答案為 A 。2C根據(jù) “ At every stop，people gave whatever they could. All the things were then taken to France byship”可以推測出正確答案為C。3D根據(jù)第三段第三句和第四句的personal，like hand-made toys. 可知” them 指代的是gifts，故正確答案為D。4B 根據(jù) “ .theFrench people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，.where they were wa

51、rmly greeted”可以推測出正確答案為 B。5A通過文章內(nèi)容我們可知整篇文章都是圍繞Merci Train 來寫的，故正確答案為A 。（五）社會萬象在中考閱讀理解中，本話題包括的題材很多，它們來自生活，來自社會，針對這些題材要求抓住關(guān)鍵的句子和一些與考查內(nèi)容有關(guān)的問題所在，這樣便于我們解題時“順藤摸瓜 ”，找出問題的答案。這種題型一般是對文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的關(guān)鍵句和關(guān)鍵詞是非常重要的。解題思路：看清題干，明確把握問題指向， 帶著問題讀文章， 避免 “回視 ”現(xiàn)象，提高做題的速度，提高解題質(zhì)量。例如：In most cultures，when you meet people y

52、ou know for the first time during a day ，it is usual to greet themOnce a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work When she first arrived， she knew little about the Chinese culture of languageOn her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some moneyTo her surprise， the bank clerk as

53、ked her if she had had her lunch She was surprised at such a question becausein the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunchBetween unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating the girlSince this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she was ver

54、y puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten alreadyAfter this she went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same questionBy now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as to why they askeditIn the following days she was asked

55、 the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking her this At last she thought that these people must be concerned about(關(guān)心 ) her healthShe was rather thin at the time，and she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating well!In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all it is only a greeting根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子