初中英語代詞講義

1、 代 詞一人稱代詞 1. 形式 人稱代詞的五種基本形式：人稱單復數主 格賓 格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單 數Imemyminemyself復 數weusouroursourselves第二人稱單 數youyouyouryoursyourself復 數youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單 數hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復 數theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2. 人稱代詞的基本用法：主格：用作句子的主語，放在動詞前（疑問句式放在特殊動詞后

2、）；e.gShe lives in Toronto, Canada.Does he speak English?賓格：用作句子的賓語，放在動詞或介詞后；e.gYesterday my mother bought me a new bike.I usually go to movies with her on weekends.形容詞性物主代詞：用作句子的定語，之后必須帶名詞；e.gThis is my book. Thats his book.名詞性物主代詞：相當于一個名詞詞組，之后不能帶名詞；e.gHis book is much newer than mine(= my book).反身代

3、詞：一般放在動詞后，要求同主語人稱一致。e.gShe teaches herself English.3、人稱代詞填空時的方法（步驟）-四步推斷法確定應用形式 第一步：看其后是否有名詞，如有則用形容詞性物主代詞，如無則考慮其余形式；e.g Where does _ friend come from?A. you B. your C. yourselfD. yours注意：如其后的名詞為雙賓語中的間接賓語，名詞前用賓格。e.gMr. Smith teaches us English. 第二步：看其是否代換了名詞詞組，如是則用名詞性物主代詞，如不是則考慮其余三個；e.gThis isnt my p

4、en. _ is in my pencil case.A. IB. MeC. My D. Mine 第三步：看其是否在動詞前，如在動詞前，則用主格，如在動詞后，則考慮剩下的兩個；e.gNancy is much fatter than _ am.A. IB. meC. myD. myself 第四步：如在動詞后，考慮其是否同主語人稱一致，一致用反身代詞，不一致則用賓格。e.gNobody teaches _ English. She teaches _.A. her; herB. herself; herselfC. her; herselfD. herself; her4. 幾個人稱代詞連用

5、時的位置關系：1) 單數人稱代詞并列作主語時，其順序為： 第二人稱 > 第三人稱 > 第一人稱：you > he/she/it -> I You, he and I should return on time.2) 復數人稱代詞作主語時，其順序為： 第一人稱 > 第二人稱 > 第三人稱：we>you >They注意： 在下列情況中，第一人稱放在前面。a. 在承認錯誤，承擔責任時， It was I and John that made her angry.是我和約翰惹她生氣了。b. 在長輩對晚輩,長官對下屬說話時，如長官為第一人稱，如：I and

6、 you try to finish it.c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時，d. 當其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時。 5. 名詞性物主代詞用作主語時，主謂一致關系：名詞性物主代詞用作主語時，其后的謂語動詞形式應同它所代換的名詞形式保持一致。e.gMy shoes are cheap. But his _ expensive.A. isB. areC. beD. am 6. 反身代詞的正確寫法（單復數的判斷）以及所屬關系的表示：（1）在使用反身代詞時，應注意根據句中的某些詞語推斷其單復數形式，并注意其正確寫法。e.gPlease help _ to some cakes, child

7、ren.A. youB. yourselfC. yourselvesD. your（ “help yourself to some”是一個固定句式（意為“請隨便吃點”），我們可根據children認定對象為復數。）（2）在說明“某人自己的”時，不能用反身代詞加所有格符號表示，而應用“形容詞性物主代詞+own+名詞”表示。e.g錯：He drove himselfs car to go camping last Sunday.對：He drove his own car to go camping last Sunday. 7. 雙重所有格：在“數詞+名詞+of+人稱代詞”這樣的詞組中，人稱代詞

8、應使用名詞性物主代詞，同of一起構成雙重所有格形式。e.g錯：Lucy is a good friend of me.對：Lucy is a good friend of mine. 二、 指示代詞：表示"那個"、"這個"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞，有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是個好主意。三、 不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代詞，如anybody，

9、 something，no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，但none和由some，any，no等構成的復合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語；every和no只能作定語。如：- Do you have a car? -你有一輛小汽車嗎？- Yes，I have one.-是的，我有一輛。- I don't know any of them. 他們，我一個也不認識?？紤]表示“兩者”還是“兩者以上”：選用不定代詞時，首先應根據上下文的關聯(lián)以及句中某個關鍵詞語對不定代詞的限制，考慮其說明“兩者”還是“兩者以上”的人或物。如說明“兩者”，選用both

10、、either、each或neither。如說明“兩者以上”，選用all、（every）、each或none。e.g.The twin sisters are both good at math. None of the students in our class wants to go there.考慮表示肯定還是否定：選用不定代詞時，還應根據句子意義考慮應該使用表肯定的詞語還是表否定的詞語。如說明肯定，使用all、both、either、each或（every）。如說明否定，使用neither或none。e.g.None of us wants more because we are al

11、l full.other：形容詞，其后可帶復數名詞，如帶單數可數名詞，其前應加上適當的限定詞；another：限定詞，其后帶單數可數名詞；代詞，代換上文中提及的可數名詞（單數，泛指）；the other：限定詞，其后可帶名詞；代詞，代換上文中提及的可數名詞（單數，定指）；others：代詞，其后不能帶名詞，代換上文中提及的可數名詞（復數，泛指）；the others：代詞，其后不能帶名詞，代換上文中提及的可數名詞（復數，定指）；注意：限定詞同名詞之間只能使用other。兩個句式的用法（1）one the other 一個 另一個注意：使用該句式時，其前應出現說明具體數量的數詞two；如出現的數

12、詞大于two，one可以根據實際情況調整成其它數詞；如出現的數詞減去one或調整后的數詞后仍大于“1”時，the other應變?yōu)閠he others或“the other + 數詞”（兩個數詞相加應等于所給數詞）。e.gThere are two apples here. One is for you, the other is for your sister.There are five apples here. Two are for you, the others are for your sister.There are five apples here. Two are for y

13、ou, the other three are for your sister.（2）some others 一些 另一些注意：使用該句式時，其前應出現說明不定數量的詞語；如出現說明具體數量的數詞，others前應加上the。e.g There are many people on the beach. Some are swimming, others are enjoying the sun.Mrs. Smith bought 25 books. Some were for her daughter; the others were for her son.四、 疑問代詞有who，whom

14、，whose，what和which等。在句子中用來構成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句）如：Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰。五、 關系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導從句的關聯(lián)詞。它們在定語從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等；另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞（通稱為先行詞）。如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個人。 ( )1. Mr. Li is _ English teache

15、r. He teaches _ English. A. us ; us B. our ; our C. us ; our D. our ; us( )2. Nobody teaches _ English. She teaches _. A. herself; herself B. her; herself C. her; her D. him; himself( )3. These are not his shoes. His _ black. A. is B. are C. was D. has( )4. This box of apples is for _. A. you and me

16、 B. you and I C. I and you D. me and you( )5. He is new here. So _ knows him. A. none B. everyone C. anybody D. no one( )6. Would you like to tell us _. A. interesting something B. interesting anything C. something interesting D. anything interesting( )7. Nobody went to see him, _? A. did he B. did

17、they C. didnt he D. didnt they ( )8. “ Would you like tea or coffee?” “ _. Id like some juice.” A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither( )9. There are many trees on _ sides of the street. A. either B. each C. both D. all ( )10. He bought two new books. One was French, _ was English. A. the other B. ano

18、ther C. other D. the others( )11. This pair of shoes doesnt fit me. Please show me _ pair. A. the other B. another C. other D. the others( )12. We cant finish the job in such a short time. We need _ hours. A. two another B. two more C. the other two D. two other( )13. What _ would you like to see? A

19、. else B. other C. another D. the other( )14. I think _ necessary for us to read English every morning. A. it B. that C. this D. what ( )15. “ _ is the man over there?” “He is our math teacher.” A. What B. Who C. How D. Where( )16. This is the most interesting story _ I have ever read. A. that B. wh

20、at C. who D. when( )17. “ _ is this book?” “I think its Marys.” A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Where ( )18. “ Excuse me. Have you got any ink?” “ Yes, but only _.” A. a little B. a few C. little D. few( )19. “ Which do you prefer, coffee or milk?” “ _ of them. Im very thirsty.”A. Either B. All C. Neithe

21、r D. None( )20. “ Do you prefer coffee or milk?” “ _. I usually drink tea.” A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None( )21. This is my sweater. Wheres _? A. he B. his C. she D. her( )22. Miss Black is our math teacher. She teaches _ math very well. A. our B. us C. ours D. ourselves ( )23.“Did you see Tony and Jack?” “No. Ive just come here. I saw _ of them.” A. either B. none C. neither D. each( )24. “ Whose eraser is this?” “ Its _.” A. me B. my C. mine D. myself( )25. “ Who is the best friend of _?” “ I think Helen is.” A.