名詞及主謂一致用法和練習(xí)

1、1第二講.名詞和主謂一致主語與謂語在人稱、數(shù)上取得一致的情況：1.主語為單數(shù)第三人稱時，謂語要變單數(shù)，即加“S”女口：reads, sits注意特例：（1）-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch吉尾的詞要力卩 一es女口：misses kisses does, fixes, brushes astonishes scratches（2）元音字母+y結(jié)尾+s；輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，要變成輔音字母+ies；女口：says sprays, delays, flies,studies（3）fe, f結(jié)尾的詞尾要變成 一ves女口：strife（爭吵），stuff（填塞），puff（喘氣），名詞

2、的變化（1）名詞的數(shù)1）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式類別多數(shù)情況規(guī)則少數(shù)情況不規(guī)則多數(shù)可數(shù)名詞力卩一s,女口：eggeggsbikebike sfilmfilm stesttest schildchild renoxoxe n；foot-feet；tooth-t eeth；mousemice；lousel i ce；crisiscris es；basisbases；emphasis-emphases,thesis-theses, analysisanalyses；mediummedia；datumdata；phenomenon-phenomena； bacteriumbacteria, criterio

3、ncriteria以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名 詞加一es,女口：glass-glass esfox-fox es；churchchurch es;watch-watch esbush-bushes詞尾ch發(fā)k音時，加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：stomachs以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的可數(shù) 名詞變“y”為“i”再 加“es”女口：babybabies abilityabilit ies以“元音字母+Y”結(jié)尾的可 數(shù)名詞加一s,女口：monkey- monkeysKeykeys；boyboys2以“0”結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞力卩一es,女口：herohero esPotatopotato estom

4、atotomatoes1.力卩一s,女口：auto, photo,memo, kilo, shampoo, radio,zoo, piano.2.力卩一s或es,女口：buffalobuffalo (e)s volcanovolcano (e)scargocargo (e)s以“f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的 可數(shù)名詞變“f” 或 “fe” 為 “v”再加“es”,如:lifeliv es；leafleaves1.加一s,如:serf, chief, gulf,roof, cuff, cliff, proof, safe,belief, reliefcuff2.力卩-s或變“f”或“fe” 為“v”加“

5、es”皆可,女口：scarfscarf s (scar ves) han dkerchiefhandkerchief s(handkerchie ves)2）既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞有些名詞屬兼類名詞，作可數(shù)名詞時表示具體事物，作不可數(shù)名詞時表 抽象概念。- Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam._(room為可數(shù)名詞）湯姆租了一個單人間準備即將到來的考試。-Your essay is wellwritten as a whole, yet there is still someroom for improv

6、eme nt.（room為不可數(shù)名詞）雖然你的文章寫得不錯，但還有需要改進的余地。這樣的名詞有：experie nee（可數(shù)為“經(jīng)歷”，不可數(shù)為“經(jīng)驗”）；beauty（可數(shù)為“美人”，不可數(shù)為“美”）；office（可數(shù)為“辦公室”，不可數(shù)為“公職”）；success（可數(shù)為“成功的人/物”，不可數(shù)為“成功”）；judgment（可數(shù)為“判決”，不可數(shù)為“判斷”）；security（可數(shù)為“證券”，不可數(shù) 為“安全”）等。3）復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的特殊情況3一般說來，以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：homework,su nlight;以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞只將其中的主體名詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)

7、的復(fù)數(shù)，女口：bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。此外，我們還需留意復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的如下特殊情況：類別復(fù)數(shù)形式基數(shù)詞+名詞（+形容詞）其中名詞一律用單數(shù)，如：aten-year-old girl;a 200milelong road；a five-foot-high boy以man, woman, gentleman等為修飾詞的復(fù)合名詞其中所有名詞都用復(fù)數(shù)，如：menserva nts;wome nreporters;gentlemen drivers。但是，要說girl(boy)students，以及Germans, huma

8、ns,Romans, Normans少數(shù)復(fù)合名詞：可數(shù)名詞+介詞 （短語）動詞/ed分詞+副詞 動詞-ing形式+副詞名詞后力廿-s，女口comrades-in-arms;passers-by詞尾力廿-s，如：take-offs; go-betweens動詞-ing形式后加-s，如：comings-in2.Every/ Each + (單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞+單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞)+單數(shù)謂語Every man and woman in this societyieedscare.Each boy and each girl hereworks hard.No+(單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞+單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)代詞

9、)+單數(shù)謂語No teacheror student in this schools allowed to disobey the rules. No teacherandno student in this schooils allowed to disobey the rules.2.集合名詞作主語的三種情況a)有些集合名詞作主語，謂語只能用單數(shù)形式furniture, equipment, jewellery, scenery, clothing, bedding,(2)有些集合名詞作主語，謂語只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式people, folk, police, cattle, militia, p

10、oultry, mankind-(3)有些集合名詞作主語，看作整體謂語只能用單數(shù)形式，看作全體成員， 謂語需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。team, club, family, class, audience, group, committee, government, cabinet,board, couple, army, jury, party, staff, faculty, personnel, union,4public,The governmenthas made a decision to eliminate drug-abusing.The governmentare arguing abou

11、t the passing of a new law.The family has lived here for 50 years.The family are going abroad for a holiday.4.由both and連接的兩個名詞或代詞， 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)， 但是，由either or，neither nor，or，not only but also連接的兩個名詞或代詞，或在There be，Here be的倒裝句型中，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于臨近主語。Either you or she isneeded to help paint the room.Have neither you

12、 nor he been to Tibet?Not only the students but also theitreacheris going to see this new film. There is aschool and some supermarkets nearby.5.兩個名詞或代詞由一些詞(組)相連接，如as well as, together/ along with, carrying,supported by, accompanied by, besides, apart from, in addition to, but, except,(un)like, no le

13、ss than, other than等，謂語需與第一個名/代詞取 得一致。Jane, unlike her sisters,doesntlike dancing.The teacher, in addition to the studentsh, as seen this film.Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising student.An old woman, supported by two young pioneers, is crossing the street. The club,other than the chairman, are in

14、 favor of the plan.6.表示部分數(shù)量的詞(組)of名詞 謂語結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于 名詞：名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式， 謂語用單數(shù)； 名詞為可 數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式， 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。All of the work is done.All of the studentsare here.The whole of the birthdaycake hasbeen eaten.The whole of themuffins havebeen eaten.None of the coffeeis left.None of the telephoneswork/ works.N

15、one of these graduatesare/isfrom parentsfamilies.None of themare qualified workers.7.What引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)，但若表語中出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù) 名詞，則謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)，以與表語取得一致。What he said is right.What the teacher says and doehsas effect on his students.What the teacher says and doedsontagree (with each other).What he bought were two

16、 balls.What they need badlyare creative writers.What I have said and donehave nothing to do with you.What is real to him are the details of his life.其他名詞性從句作主語，用單數(shù)謂語Whether he will pass the tesits still unknown.How he succeededremains a secret.Who are going to visit Mr. Smithis undecided.8.單個動詞不定式或動

17、名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。To seeis to believe/Seeing isbelieving.To plan in advanceis a good thing.5For him to finish the task in half an houris a challenge.Playing with fire is a dangerous thing.Her often cominglate annoyed the director.兩個動詞不定式或動名詞作主語，若指 兩類事物，謂語用 復(fù)數(shù)；但若指某 一 事物的 兩個方面，則謂語應(yīng)用 單數(shù)。To listening to music

18、 and to watch TVare my favorite things.Early to bed and early to riseis beneficial to health.Reading novels and solving problemasre two different things. Weeping and cryingdoes nothing towards settling the problem.9.a number/ variety of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù)謂語the number/ variety of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 單 數(shù)謂語A number of the stu

19、dents here are from key schools.The number of the students attending evening schools is on the rise.A variety of new goods are on display.The variety of goods on sale in that store is surprising.10.用and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞在意義上指同一個人或事物時，用單數(shù)謂語。A scientist and poeits going to give us a lecture tomorrow.My neighbo

20、r and colleagueis watering the flowers.The partner and manager has warned us not to be lazy.War and peace is a constant theme in history.Whisky and sodais always his favorite drink.此外，a knife and folk, a collar and tie, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a cartand horse,也通常被看作整體，謂語用單數(shù)。A needle a

21、nd threadis needed to mend the coat. An additional knife and fork wasbought for the dinner.11. the +一類形容詞/分詞 用來表示類比，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)The rich/ poor/ young/ old/ aged/ injured/ wounded/ unknown/ elderly/ sick/ignorant/ seeing/ blind/ living/ dead/ disabled/- +復(fù)數(shù)謂語After theearthquakes,the buried were rescued andt

22、he lost werefound.12. Many a +單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語More than one +單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語Many a policeman has devoted his life to the order of our society. More than onestudent here was injured in the accident yesterday. There is more than one answerto this question.One and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語Look! One and a half bananas is on th

23、e floor.13. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句中的 復(fù)數(shù)謂語（表共性）the （only） one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句中的 單數(shù)謂語 （表個性）Tom is one of theten boys here whloike football.（表共性）Tom is the （only） one of the ten boys here whdoislikestennis.（表共性）6.7.614.定語從句中謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其先行詞He, who is lazy in study, wontsucceed easily.I , who am your friend, will h

24、elp you when you are in trouble.15.以ics結(jié)尾的名詞作主語，指學(xué)科，用單數(shù)謂語；若轉(zhuǎn)義指具體活動，則 用復(fù)數(shù)謂語Mathematics數(shù)學(xué)，（單數(shù)謂語）-計算能力，（復(fù)數(shù)謂語）Politics政治學(xué)，（單數(shù)謂語）-政治手腕，（復(fù)數(shù)謂語）Economics經(jīng)濟學(xué)，（單數(shù)謂語）-經(jīng)濟形勢，（復(fù)數(shù)謂語）Statistics統(tǒng)計學(xué)，（單數(shù)謂語）-統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，（復(fù)數(shù)謂語）16由兩個一半組成的物體， 應(yīng)用pair來計數(shù)， 若無pair， 則用復(fù)數(shù)謂語trousers, pants, jeans,shorts, shoes,sleepers, boots, gloves,

25、glasses,scales, tongs, scissors, socks,stockings,This pair of trousersis expensive.Here trousersare new today.Another pair of sunglasses was shown her/ to the customer.17.單復(fù)同形的名詞作主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)這些名詞在句中的意思而定始終用復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞：means, series, species, bellows, headquarters,始終用單數(shù)形式的詞：sheep, aircraft, deer, shark,

26、fish（同種魚）This meansis really effective.（一種手段）His meanshave been used up.（多種手段）Her means are small.（經(jīng)濟能力，財富）18. the rest, the following,其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的意思而定A third of the work was done yesterday, and the rest is to be finished tomorrow.A third of the studentswere invited to the party yesterday, andt

27、he rest were told toreview their lessons at school.The following is my answer The following are my suggestions主謂一致語法練習(xí)題Neither Jane nor her brothers_a consent form for tomorrows field trip.A. n eed* B. n eedsC. is n eedi ngD.1.Ten perce nt of the workers in this city_now on strike.A. isB. are*C. is

28、to be2.The growth of part-time and flexible patter n, and of training and retaimore wome n to take adva ntage of employme ntopport un ities.A. allowB.allows*C. allowi ng3. These statisticsD. are to bening schemes4.5.A.are*B.isMathematics as well as physics always _A. has caused B.are caus ingNot onl

29、y you and I but Peter, the topproblem.A. areB. werePlenty of fruits, eggs, and vegetables_A. are* B. isD. have allowedman ageable un its for measuri ng dista nces with in the solar system.D. is to beC. have_me a lot of headaches.C. causestudent in our grade, _D. causes*not able to solve theC. is*n e

30、eded for health.C. is bei ngD. amD.havehas n eed78.What the man said un der the oath_by several other wit nesses.A. was questi on ed*B. were questio nedC. questio nedD.be questi oned9.The gover nment_hop ing to make their findings known soon.A. isB. has bee nC. are*D. be10.Today there_a nu mber of t

31、eleph one calls from the applica nts for the positi on.A.have bee n*B.is hav ingC.has bee nD. are to have11.To listen to fine music and to have stimulatingconversation with good friends_two pleasures in life.A. isB. are*C. wasD. has bee n12. Of particular in terest to visitors_the large nu mber of b

32、ook stores that sell books indiffere nt Ian guages.A. have bee n B. areC. is*D. were13.Many species of ani mals which once lived on the earth_no Ion ger in existe nee.A. isB. are*C. wasD. were14.How close pare nts are to their childre n_a stro ng in flue nee on the character of thechildre n.A. have

33、B. has*C. havi ngD. to have15.Not on ly the whole n ati on, but the whole Europe, in deed the whole huma n society,_toalter its attitude to racial problems.A. n eed B. n eeds*C. has n eedD. have a n eed16.All the data_once and again, still there are a lot of mistakes.A. has bee n checked B. have bee

34、 n checked*C. has bee n checked D. is checked17.It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools that_A. make him a scie ntistB. makes him to be a scie ntistC. make him to be scie ntistD. makes him a scie ntist*18.The play writer and director_promised to atte nd our tea-party.A. have B

35、. has*C. areD. is19.The premier and the Foreig n Mini ster_prese nt at the state banq uet last ni ght.A. are B. wasC. were *D. had a20.To bala nee the budget and to provide jobs_two goals of the elected official.A. is going to B. is C. becomesD. are*21.Every means_tried but without much result.A. ha

36、s bee n* B. have bee n C. are D. is22.Nobody but Smith and Joh n_in the lab yesterday.A. are B. had bee n C. were23.Half of the audie nee_foreig ners.A. was B. were*C. had bee nD. was*D.has bee n824.Hard work and main livi ng_characteristics of the worki ng peo ple.A. isB.has bee nC. wereD. are*25.I

37、n the room_a big table and a great many chairs.A. do they find B. is foundC. are found* D. have found26._一Another three weeksnecessary for us to finish the work.A. are B. wasC. is*D. will have bee n27.He is the on ly one of the brightest stude nts who_from New York Un iversity.A. is graduated B. hav

38、e graduated C. has graduated* D. aregraduated28.Here is a message of importa nee to every man and woma n who_A. votes* B. voteC. have votedD. is voted29.Neither of the young men who had applied for positi on in the university_.A. has bee n acceptedB.have bee n acceptedC. was accepted*D. were accepte

39、d30.That men have lear ned much from the behavior of ani mals_hardly n ew.A. is*B. isntC. bei ngD. will be31.What they have done_useful to the people.A. are con sideredB. is con sidered*C. have bee n con sideredD. will be con sidered32.Every policema n and firema n_on the alert.A. have bee n B. was*

40、C. areD. were33.There_n ever bee n hard feeli ngs betwee n the families livi ng on this block.A. has B. have*C. isD. were34.The lin ebacker and capta in of the team_most valuable player.A. have bee n selected B. has bee n selected* C. have selected D. has selected35.The n ati on wants peace; only a

41、min ority_the war to continue.A. want*B. wantsC. wan tedD. has wan ted36.It was you, not I, who_too much depe ndent on medic ine and n ever did exercise.A. were B. are *C. wasD. am37.Whether or not the new pla n will yield any positive results _to be see n.A. remai n B. is rema ined C. remai ns*D. h

42、ave rema ined38.With the rising of peoples standard of living, cosmetics_a favorite topic,especially among wome n.A. has become B. becomesC. become D. have become*39._either he or his acco untants going to claim for the loss?A. Are B. WereC. Is*D. Does40.There_not only the earth but also eight other

43、 pla nets in the solar system.A. are B. wereC. is*D. was941.There_one or two things that I have to men ti on.A. is* B. areC. hasD. have42.He is one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.A. make hisB. makes her C. make their*D. make on es43.Ten minu tes_an hour whe n one is wait ing for a phone

44、 call.A. seemedB. is seem ing C. seemD. seems*44._ The first part of the lecture wasin terest ing but the rest_.A. was dull*B. were dullC. had been dull45.The committee_among themselves for four hours.A. has bee n arguingB. has bee n arguedC. have bee n arguing*D. have bee n argued46.Either your tea

45、cher or you_mistake n.A. are* B. isC. hasD. be47.Not only I but also Tom and Mary_fond of watch ing televisi on.A. amB. isC. are*D. beD. were to dull1048.It is said that in the Un ited States, over 30_spe nt on advertiseme nt each year.A.billio n dollars isB.billi on dollars are*C.billio n dollar isD.billio ns of dollars are49.Each one of us who_now livi ng in this city is dest ined to wit ness the remarkableOlympic Games.A. isB. wereC. has bee nD. are*50.What_used as chief buildi ng materials today_steel and con crete.There is always a possibility that the in fect