青島市2014高考英語完形填空、閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題（1）及答案

1、青島市2014高考英語完形填空、閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題（1）及答案 閱讀理解專題*主旨大意一、題型特點(diǎn)與解題技巧這類試題要求對(duì)文章的整體或局部（如段落）進(jìn)行分析、概括，歸納相關(guān)部分的中心大意(Main idea)，選擇標(biāo)題（title），判斷作者的寫作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工與濃縮信息的能力。這一項(xiàng)考查的是文章的靈魂與中心。一、常見問題形式有：(1)The subject/topic of the article is (2)Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?(3)What does

2、the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)Which of the following is the best title of the passage?二、應(yīng)試技巧1.開門見山, 提出主題。開門見山, 提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常 見的演繹法寫作方式，分清main idea 和 supporting sentences。英語閱讀理解中的許多文章都屬于“觀點(diǎn)論證型”和“現(xiàn)象解釋型”的文章，而這兩類文章常常采取的是“一般到具體”的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式。也就是說這類文章往往開宗明義，文章伊始就要擺明描述的主要對(duì)象或論述的主要觀點(diǎn)。

3、An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (歸因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS

4、, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Whats the main idea of the text? A. Universities have received more applications. B. Economics is attracting an increasing number of students C. C

5、ollege students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. D. Parents are concerned with childrens subject selection. ( 2009 山東) 2首段的末句和二段首句對(duì)于閱讀理解中的其他篇章結(jié)構(gòu)模式，如“問題解決型”和“破舊立新型”的文章，文章的首段的末句或二段的首句就成了主題句高發(fā)出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)，特別是當(dāng)文章的首句后出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折性的陳述，而所涉及的主體事物沒有發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)，那么文章的主題句往往是轉(zhuǎn)折詞后出現(xiàn)的與首句相對(duì)立的結(jié)論。一般而言，作者常常藉用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞來引出文章或段落的主旨大意，該類型的轉(zhuǎn)

6、折連詞有：but，yet，however。轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面的內(nèi)容往往是作者真實(shí)的寫作目的或基本觀點(diǎn)，而這又常是文章中心主旨的關(guān)鍵所在。Relationships with family, friends, neighborsand even petswill all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(長(zhǎng)壽)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. William Farrs study and other studies show that _. A. social

7、 life proves an effective cure for illness B. being sociable helps improve ones quality of life C. women benefit more than men from marriage D. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity3歸納法先表述細(xì)節(jié), 后以結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果來概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式。閱讀時(shí)要分清細(xì)節(jié)和結(jié)論A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, c

8、ompared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Mans games show how he can

9、 control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore, man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him. W

10、hats the topic sentence of this passage?_4無主題句 無主題句即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分，同時(shí)注意高頻詞。 The Marches were a happy family. Poverty, hard work, and even the fact that Father March was away with the Union armies could not down the

11、spirits of Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy and Marmee, as the March girls called their mother. The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of fault. ., Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Mge became Mrs. Brooke,and .,., Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relati

12、ve of the Marches. And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The March Family B. The March Parents C. The March Gir

13、ls D. The March Relatives ( 2006 江蘇)5.文章標(biāo)題問標(biāo)題的題也是一種主旨題，與主旨題的解題方法和技巧完全一樣。二者的差別主要體現(xiàn)于選項(xiàng)的形式：主旨題的答案通常以一句話表示，而問標(biāo)題的答案大多為一個(gè)名詞詞組。最重要的是，標(biāo)題在內(nèi)容上必須而且只能反映文章的中心大意。這就要求選項(xiàng)的歸納范圍要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，也不能將本文以外的內(nèi)容概括于其中，要善于識(shí)別本末倒置、主次不分、以點(diǎn)代面、以偏概全或者過度概括的干擾項(xiàng)。另外，標(biāo)題在形式上要新穎、醒目，能吸引讀者注意力，能喚起讀者對(duì)文章閱讀的興趣。 By day he is just a normal ca

14、t but when the lights go out, he glows in the dark. Scientists have genetically modified a cat as part of an experiment that could lead to treatments for diseases. Named Mr Green Genes, he looks like a six-month-old cat but, under ultraviolet light, his eyes, gums and tongue glow green. That is the

15、result of a genetic experiment at. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. A Glowing Cat B. Mr. Green Genes C. One Cats Life D. An experiment of cats 6作者意圖態(tài)度作者意圖即寫作目的與文章主題不同，但與它關(guān)系密切，所以也可以算作主旨題的一種變體。二者的異同可以從下面的對(duì)比中看出：文章主旨問中心思想、文章大意，而寫作目的則闡述文章為何表達(dá)這個(gè)中心思想，等于文章大意論述方法(或作者口吻)。文章大意

16、可以根據(jù)前面所述的方法找到。理解文章的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，了解作者的態(tài)度意圖，文中的信息詞至關(guān)重要。信息詞包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、副詞、形容詞，表示總結(jié)的介詞短語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等。關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以揭示文章各段落，句子之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，展示作者態(tài)度和意圖。常見的此類關(guān)聯(lián)詞有however，but，on the contrary，although，while等表示轉(zhuǎn)折，提示此信息于上文相反。還有表關(guān)聯(lián)的副詞：besides，moreover，furthermore，nevertheless等；解作者態(tài)度(attitude)或語氣(tone)題，關(guān)鍵在于把握作者對(duì)全文主體事物(與主題有關(guān))或某一具體事物的態(tài)度。確定作者態(tài)度，可以有兩

17、種思路：?jiǎn)柸闹黧w事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；如果問的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。It was pleasant to sit out on deck and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. This morning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbelievable lamp that is going on a

18、world tour the next day,.,.,., Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. What does the author think of the tour? A. Tiring B. Expensive C. Enjoyable D. Quick ( 2009寧夏)三、主旨大意題的干擾項(xiàng)（錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)）有3種：

19、1.概括范圍太窄，只表達(dá)局部信息或某一細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。2.概括范圍太寬，所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。3.無關(guān)信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。One day last September, as Britney Spears was about to board a flight to Los Angeles from London, a blue bottle fell out of her purse. She quickly put it back in, but not before the camera recorded the event.

20、Neither Spears nor her spokesman was willing to comment on the contents of the bottle, but the next morning Londons Daily Express published a page of pictures under the headline “EXCLUSIVE: POP PRINCESS SPOTTED AT AIRPORT WITH POT OF SLIMMING TABLETS.” Spears was apparently carrying Zantrex-3, one o

21、f the most popular weight-loss pills now sold in the United States. The pill, which is sold at about fifty dollars for a months supply, contains a huge amount of caffeine, some green tea, and three common South American herbs that also act as stimulants (興奮劑). It hit the U.S. market last March and h

22、as had a success that would be hard to overstate. Millions of bottles have been sold, and during the Christmas season it was displayed in the windows of the nations largest chain of vitamin shops, G.N.C. (It is so highly sought after that many of the stores keep it in locked counters.) Zantrex-3 is

23、also sold at CVS, Rite Aid, Wal-Mart, and other chains, and over the telephone and on the Internet. If you type “Zantrex” into Google, more than a hundred thousand pieces of information about it will appear. At any moment, there are scores of people sell it on eBay. Perhaps the most interesting thin

24、g about the success story of Zantrex-3, however, is that it is far from unique. There are hundreds of similar products on the market today, and they are bought by millions of Americans. And though Zantrexs producer makes some exciting statements (“the most advanced weight control compound (化合物)perio

25、d”), so do the people who sell Stacker 2 and Anorex along with those who sell Carb Eliminator and Fat Eliminator. Almost all of these compounds suggest that they can help people lose weight and regain lost energy, and often without diet, exercise, or any other effort. 1. Britney Spears is a / an_. A

26、. dancer B. singer C. athlete D. chemist【答案與解析】答案B。細(xì)節(jié)信息題。從第1段的大寫部分“POP PRINCESS SPOTTED AT AIRPORT WITH POT OF SLIMMING TABLETS.”可以知道B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。2. Which of the following is also a kind of weight-loss pill? A. CVS B. Rite Aid C. Wal-Mart D. Anorex【答案與解析】答案D。細(xì)節(jié)信息題。根據(jù)第1段的 “Zantrex-3 is also sold at CVS,

27、Rite Aid, Wal-Mart, and other chains,”以及第2段的“so do the people who sell Stacker 2 and Anorex along with those who sell Carb Eliminator and Fat Eliminator.”可以知道D選項(xiàng)是正確答案。3. The underlined part of the sentence in the first paragraph is most likely similar in meaning to _. A. it is difficult to say how s

28、uccessful Zantrex-3 is B. you cant overstate the success of Zantrex-3 C. you cant think too highly of the success of Zantrex-3 D. Zantrex-3 is not very successful【答案與解析】答案C。理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)及推測(cè)詞義題。從It hit the U.S. market last March and has had a success that would be hard to overstate. 的前半部分可以知道Zantrex-3是美國(guó)市場(chǎng)很

29、暢銷的減肥類商品；根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法可以知道后半部分的overstate有“夸張、夸大事實(shí)”的意思，而would be hard to overstate可以理解為“難以夸張、夸大”的意思，因此劃線部分的意思可以直譯為“難以夸大/夸張的成功”或理解為“怎么夸張都不過份的成功”，C選項(xiàng)所含有的句型can nottoo亦是此意。4. From the second paragraph we know that _ . A. Zantrex-3 is one of the successful weight-loss pills on the US market B. Zantrex-3 is the mo

30、st successful weight-loss pills on the US marketC. Zantrex-3 is the only weight-loss pill on the US marketD. there are five kinds of weight-loss pills on the US market 【答案與解析】答案A。從第2段的1、2、3句可以知道A選項(xiàng)是正確答案，其他選項(xiàng)均與文章的信息不一致。5. The text mainly tells us _. A. when Britney Spears was found taking weight-loss

31、 pills with her B. how Zantrex-3 became successful in the USA C. weight-loss pills are very popular in the USA D. Zantrex-3 is forbidden to be sold on the US market【答案與解析】答案C。A選項(xiàng)只包含了文章的部分信息；B選項(xiàng)側(cè)重Zantrex-3獲得成功的方式，而文章并沒有這方面的信息；D選項(xiàng)與文章中的信息相反；從整體來看，文章是以Zantrex-3為引子，引出減肥或瘦身類商品當(dāng)今在美國(guó)很流行的話題，即第1段是引入，第2段開始切入主題

32、，第2段的第2句可以看做是主題句。C選項(xiàng)與主題句的意思一致，因此應(yīng)該是該題的答案。*結(jié)束高考考綱詞匯記憶重點(diǎn)單詞I a pron. 我 ice as n. 冰 ice-cream as- krim n. 冰淇淋 Iceland aslnd * n. 冰島 idea ad n. 主意,意見,打算,想法 identity adentt n. 身份，特征identification adentfke()n n. 鑒定，辨別 idiom dm n. 習(xí)語，成語 if f conj.如果,假使,是否,是不是 ignore n(r) v. 忽視，對(duì)不理會(huì)ill l a. 有病的；不健康的 illegal

33、li()l a. 非法的 illness lns n. 疾病 imagine mædn vt. 想像，設(shè)想 immediate midt a. 立即的，馬上 immediately midtl ad. 立即 immigration m'gren n. 移民 import mpt v.& n. 進(jìn)口，輸入 importance mpt()ns n. 重要性 important mptnt a. 重要的 impossible mpsb()l a. 不可能的 impress mpres vt. 留下極深的印象 impression mpre()n n. 印象，感覺 impr

34、ove mpruv vt. 改進(jìn)，更新 in n prep. 在里(內(nèi))；在；以 ad. 在家，在內(nèi)，向內(nèi) inch nt n. 英寸 incident nsd()nt n. 事件 include nklud vt. 包含，包括 income nkm n. 收入，所得 incorrect nkrekt a. 不正確的，錯(cuò)誤的 increase nkris v. & n. 增加，繁殖 indeed ndid a. 確實(shí)；實(shí)在 independence ndpendns n. 獨(dú)立 重點(diǎn)短語lose/ have faith in對(duì)sth失去/有信念fall apart 瓦解/崩潰fall

35、off the bicycle;從自行車上掉下來fall behind;落后fall down;跌倒fall over oneself to do;爭(zhēng)先恐后去做sthfall on/ upon;由sb承擔(dān)或負(fù)責(zé)fame and fortune 名利be familiar with sth 熟悉sthbe familiar to sb 對(duì)于sb來說是熟悉的be famous for/ as 因?yàn)閟th而出名/作為sth而出名as far as;就.而言far from +adj/n;遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是further information;進(jìn)一步的消息fancy doing;想象做sthfarewell

36、party;告別派對(duì)on the farm 在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上be fascinated by sth;被sth所吸引the latest fashion;最新的潮流in/ out of fashion;流行/落伍fast asleep;熟睡fatal blow 致命的打擊be sbs fault;是sb的錯(cuò)do sb a favor;幫助sbask sb a favor= ask a favor of sb 請(qǐng)求sb幫助in sbs favor 對(duì)sb有利in favor of;贊同owe sbs a favor 欠sb的人情fax machine 傳真機(jī)by fax 用傳真*結(jié)束 For my gr

37、andmother's 70th birthday, my family and I visited South Korea. While there, I was attentive to Korean high schools and students. I was surprised by how different Korea's public high schools are from America's. Korean high schools can be all-girls, all-boys or co-ed (男女同校的）unlike our sta

38、ndard co-ed high schools. There are three grades: “go 1”（10th)，"go 2” (11th) and go 3” (12th). Go”is the first syllable of the word “go-deung -hakkyo", which, simply translated, is “high school”. In America, unless you want to go to a private school, you don't have to take an entrance

39、exam. In Korea, however, students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools. Another difference I couldn't help but notice was the students' appearance. With very few exceptions, all wear uniforms. A name tag (標(biāo)牌)with the student's name, grade and homeroom number

40、must also be worn. Girl's skirts can't be above the upper part of the knee, and it is forbidden to dye (染)your hair or wear accessories (裝飾品)except small earrings. There are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness, and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choic

41、es of hair style, socks and shoes. The final difference was the setup of the classes. There may be 40 students in a classroom, but the number can be less or even more, depending on the population of the town or city. Although there are many students per classroom, they are very close, which I think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects. There are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switch classrooms. They just have ten-minute breaks between subjects. In each class, students are ranked