令人折服的BAUER寶華壓縮機(jī)氦氣回收系統(tǒng)

1、 Circuit: from helium liquefaction via recovery to reutilisation 封閉循環(huán)利用回路:從氦氣回收、液化、 到二次利用 BAUER convincing helium recovery: tailor-made & absolutely gastight令人折服的寶華氦氣回收系統(tǒng):量身訂造 + 100%氣密性A company working for more than 60 years successfully in the field of high pressure system engineering for air

2、for respiration, industrial air and technical gases has been intensivelyengaged in the process of helium condensation for many years. As a result, the companysupplies complete recovery systems, mostly to research laboratories of universities andinstitutes, worldwide - tailor-made and absolutely gast

3、ight. The system offered comprises gas compressor plants as well as the gas balloon and gas processing and storage.60多年高壓壓縮領(lǐng)域的歷史,從呼吸空氣到工藝氣體,德國寶華壓縮機(jī)系統(tǒng)工廠多年來致力 于氦氣回收系統(tǒng)研發(fā)。在寶華,這里有完備的氣體回收系統(tǒng),其客戶遍及全球各個大學(xué)和科研院所的實(shí)驗(yàn)室和檢測工廠。寶華提供系統(tǒng)定制服務(wù),保證100%的氣體密封性。寶華的氣體回收系統(tǒng)包括氣體壓縮機(jī)站、氣囊、氣體處理和存儲系統(tǒng)。Liquid helium as a cooling medium i

4、s anincreasing important factor within the naturalsciences during research and operation ofsensitive equipment. However, only limited quantities of the coveted resource helium can be obtained by natural gas extraction. Therefore, efforts are being made to operate helium in closed circuits. In liquef

5、action plants, helium is cooled down until it is a liquefiedgas at -269 °C. With this cryogenic liquid, corresponding equipment such as supermagnets (e.g. for nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph and highly sensitive sensors with low noise etc. are operated. The exhausted helium gas is collecte

6、d, condensed and re-fed to the liquefactionprocess.作為冷卻介質(zhì),液體氦氣在自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的高靈敏度設(shè)備研發(fā)與使用過程中扮演著越來越重要的角色。但在天然氣萃取過程中,僅有極少量的氦氣能夠獲得。因而,能在封閉回路中無損失的使用氦氣是人們一直以來的追求。在液化裝置中,氦氣需達(dá)到-269 °C 才能被冷卻為液體氦。伴隨這種低溫液體,相應(yīng)的設(shè)備包括超導(dǎo)體(如核磁共振斷層掃描儀以及靜音型高靈敏傳感器等被操作應(yīng)用。冷卻過程中排放的氦氣通過收集、壓縮、冷凝過濾,重新回到液化處理環(huán)節(jié)。 Properties and extraction氦氣屬性與萃取

7、is very light and is therefore very well suited as an inert filling gas for Zeppelins. 1 l liquid helium gas has a weight of about 130 g and results in about 730 l of gas when it is heated to room temperature.氦氣是除氫氣外最輕的元素。氦氣屬惰性氣體,具有高度的擴(kuò)散性,其沸點(diǎn)為-269 °C(4.2 Kelvin,為所有氣體中最低。正因?yàn)槠涿芏鹊?、質(zhì)量輕的特點(diǎn),氦氣作為惰性氣體成

8、為齊柏林飛船充氣氣體的不二之選。1升液體氦的重量約為130克,加熱至常溫時,其體積增至730升。Unlike many other industrial gases which are directly extracted from the air by distillation, this is not possible with helium. Helium can only be extracted economically from helium-rich natural gas sources (helium content exceeding 2 %. Such sources a

9、re rare. At present, there are only four relevant sources worldwide. Wyoming/USA, Orenburg/Russia, Sonatrach/Algeria and a small source in Poland.多數(shù)的工業(yè)氣體通常是直接蒸餾萃取,但這一方法對氦氣并不可行。而獲得氦氣唯一經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的途徑是從富含氦氣的天然氣(氦氣含量為2%以上中萃取。這類天然氣極其罕見。目前,此類富含氦氣的天然氣來源僅有4處:Wyoming(美國、Orenburg(俄羅斯、Sonatrach(阿爾及利亞以及波蘭某地。The helium

10、 is separated from the rest by gas distillation, stored first and then transported at ambient pressure as a volume-saving liquid in special vacuum-superisolated tank containers (about 40 000 l. In local distribution centres, the helium is decanted into smaller containers for delivery to the end user

11、; 1 l liquid helium costs at present about 7 to 10 Euros.氦氣通過蒸餾與其他氣體分離后首先是存儲,之后是以液體狀態(tài)在圍壓條件下運(yùn)輸。運(yùn)輸過程中所使用的容器是特制的超絕緣型真空槽罐。在運(yùn)送至當(dāng)?shù)嘏渌椭行暮?氦氣被分灌到多個小型氣瓶中再發(fā)送至終端客戶。目前,1升氦氣的價(jià)格通常在7至10歐元。Fields of application應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域Gaseous helium is used, as already mentioned, in aerial navigation, as a protective gas for diverse pro

12、cesses (chemistry, metallurgy, semiconductor production, as search gas for leakage measurements (among others for testing air conditioning plants in the automobile industry, during diving as a diving gas mixture as well as an inert coolant for special machine applications. 如上所訴,氣態(tài)氦氣多用于航空領(lǐng)域,在化學(xué)、冶金及半導(dǎo)

13、體生產(chǎn)中作為保護(hù)性氣體,在汽車工業(yè)中用作空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置的泄露測量,并用作潛水氣體以及專用機(jī)械中的冷卻劑。Helium in its liquid form is almost the exclusive choice as a cooling medium for optimising certain material characteristics at low temperatures. By the transition from the normally conductive into the superconductive state, for example strong magne

14、ts and, as a result, giant magnetic fields can be generated (e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph. Also, with a decreasing temperature, the electronic noise is reduced so that the signal-noise ratio can be considerably optimised with increasingly low temperatures (helium-cooled detectors.在低溫環(huán)境下

15、,液體氦作為冷卻介質(zhì),是提高部分物質(zhì)物理特性利用率的最佳選擇。例如,液體 Helium liquefaction plant氦氣液化裝置The University of Konstanz has already beenoperating for nearly 30 years its own heliumliquefaction plant with subsequent helium recovery.The annual production of over 70 000 l of liquidhelium supports 42 experiments and associatede

16、quipment in the field of natural science. Besidesapplications in physics, such equipment is used inthe specialities chemistry, biology and psychology.About 100 collaborators work directly on experiments with liquid helium. 康斯坦茨大學(xué)在氦氣液化回收領(lǐng)域已具有近30年經(jīng)驗(yàn)。其液體氦年產(chǎn)量高達(dá)70,000升,可支持42項(xiàng)自然科學(xué)試驗(yàn)及相關(guān)設(shè)備研發(fā)。這類設(shè)備不僅在物理科學(xué)領(lǐng)域達(dá)到

17、運(yùn)用,并在化學(xué)、生物學(xué)及心理學(xué)方面具有特殊用途。在康斯坦茨大學(xué),液體氦試驗(yàn)的一線工作者就有100多人。The complete system of the University of Konstanz contains (converted 5 500 l liquid helium. Approximately 2 300 l have to be refilled each year in order to compensate for losses. Thismeans that each litre of liquid helium is liquefied and recovered

18、 about 30 times before the gas finally escapes through unavoidable leaks.康斯坦茨大學(xué)整個試驗(yàn)體系所運(yùn)用的液體氦氣高達(dá)5,550升。而該體系每年還需補(bǔ)充約2,300升的液體氦。這意味著,如不發(fā)生泄漏,每升液體氦每年要經(jīng)過30次的液化和回收過程。It is technically very difficult and expensive to liquefy helium. Unlike air separation plants, where liquefaction takes place solely by gas d

19、ecompression and countercurrent cooling, in helium liquefaction plants, an additional precooling has to be carried out by a mechanical expansion machine (turbine. The resulting technical complexity of the control system leads to it beingeconomically much more efficient to operate a central liquefact

20、ion plant and to transport the cold liquid via containers to the individual users.液化氦氣不僅具有技術(shù)難度,而且代價(jià)昂貴。在技術(shù)方面,與空氣分離裝置(其液化過程僅需氣體解壓及逆流冷卻相比,氦氣液化裝置還需設(shè)置一個由膨脹機(jī)(渦輪機(jī)帶動的預(yù)冷卻程序。而控制系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的復(fù)雜性使得集中液化、分罐運(yùn)輸成為減少經(jīng)濟(jì)成本的有效方式。Gas liquefaction processes also require a huge amount of energy. The liquefaction plantinstalled in

21、Konstanz has an hourly output of 20 l liquid helium; it is fed by a compressor with 10 bar output pressure and a capacity of 800 Nm³/h, and is driven by a 90 kW electric motor.氣體液化過程中也需要消耗大量能源?？邓固勾牡囊夯b置每小時可生產(chǎn)20升液體氦。而液化過程所使用壓縮機(jī)的輸出壓力為10巴,流量為800標(biāo)方/時,并配有90千瓦特電動機(jī)。 Helium compressor plant in gastight

22、execution with condensate collecting tank and HP store, gas production volume 720 l/min 高氣密性氦氣壓縮機(jī)系統(tǒng):配有冷凝水槽罐、高壓存儲氣瓶,流量高達(dá)720升/分。 Helium liquefaction is, however, only one half of the helium plant. The other half comprises the recovery of the helium gas which evaporates or is exhausted from plant and e

23、quipment. For this purpose, a pipe network is installed in all buildings, transporting the helium gas from the experiments to the central gas balloon. When full, the high pressure gas compressors are started via a level control sensor; they take in the helium gas, compress it to 300 bar and store it

24、 in high pressure containers. The helium liquefaction plant is fed from these high pressure containers. In this way, the helium circuit is closed.然而,氦氣液化只是氦氣處理裝置的其中一個功能而已。其另一功能是從裝置設(shè)備中蒸發(fā)或排放的氦氣進(jìn)行回收。為此,該大學(xué)在所有的建筑物中都安裝了管道,將各個實(shí)驗(yàn)室剩余的氦氣運(yùn)送到中央氣囊。氣囊飽和后,水平控制傳感器啟動高壓氣體壓縮機(jī),將氦氣吸收并壓縮至300巴,再存儲至高壓容器。而氦氣液化裝置所需的氦氣正是從這些高

25、壓容器中獲取。通過這種方式,一個閉合的氦氣環(huán)路也就形成了。Recovery plant回收設(shè)備Due to its high diffusibility (very small atomic diameter, helium is able to penetrate the smallest openings and pores which leads to gas losses within the helium system. The pipe network is constructed accordingly in order to minimise these losses. In

26、Konstanz, the pipes are made of copper, connected with brazed fittings. It is true that the pipes do not have to resist to a high pressure, but the thermal fluctuations of the transported helium gas (e.g. when evacuating cryogenic gas lead to enormous mechanical stresses. Meanwhile, recovery systems

27、 are also made of orbital-welded special steel pipes.因其高度的擴(kuò)散性(原子直徑小,氦氣可滲透到極其微小的裂隙中,導(dǎo)致氦氣流失。因此,康斯坦茨大學(xué)在建設(shè)氦氣管道時就將這一點(diǎn)考慮了進(jìn)去,力爭將氦氣流失量減少到最小。該大學(xué)的氦氣管道由銅制成,以黃銅焊接。盡管這些管道無需承受高壓,但是氦氣輸送過程中產(chǎn)生的熱波動會導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)大的機(jī)械應(yīng)力。此外,回收系統(tǒng)中的管道是由特種鋼經(jīng)軌道式焊接而成。Even the high pressure compressors have to meet higher standards than compressors ope

28、rating with air. Besides the required airtightness, the helium compressors have to be better cooled due to the higher heat capacity compared to air, and also require a higher quality standard of the individual components (e.g. valves.不僅如此,與空氣壓縮機(jī)相比,該系統(tǒng)中的高壓壓縮機(jī)需滿足更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。除氣體密封性外,氦氣壓縮機(jī)還需具有更佳的冷卻功能,因?yàn)楹獾臒崛萘?/p>

29、比空氣高。該壓縮機(jī)各部分零件(如閥門亦需滿足更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Proven system engineering行之有效的系統(tǒng)工程The company BAUER KOMPRESSOREN has already been working for many years in the field of helium compression. All high pressure gas compressor units, vary from type Verticus (production volume 80 l/min to large-scale plants (2850 l/min, have a closed gastight and recovery system .The high pressure compressors are controlled by th