選修7第1單元語法：不定式復(fù)習(xí)

1、Marty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is d

2、ifficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty saysMarty says7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also

3、have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.動詞不定式動詞不定式 知多少？知多少？想一想：想一想：一一 不定式的構(gòu)成不定式的構(gòu)成二二 不定式的功能不定式的功能三三 不定式的否定式不定式的否定式四四 不定式的不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)五五 疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式動詞不定式是動詞的一種非

4、謂語形式。由“ ？ ”構(gòu)成, 其否定形式是“ ？ ”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有沒有人稱和數(shù)人稱和數(shù)的變化的變化, ,但有但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化的變化。一 、動詞不定式動詞不定式的構(gòu)成 At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited all the people over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal /in the mens 110-metre hurdles. 1. 作主語作主語2. 作賓語作賓語3. 作賓語補足語作賓語補足語

5、4. 作定語作定語5. 作狀語作狀語6. 作表語作表語7. 作獨立成分作獨立成分8. 與疑問詞等連用與疑問詞等連用二 、不定式的功能Pick out the infinitives in the sentences and tell their functions. He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in. It is of great help for us to learn English well.I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.She lis

6、tens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.The car to be bought is for his sisters.The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.( 賓語）賓語）( 主語）主語）( 賓補）賓補）( 狀語）狀語）( 定語）定語）( 表語）表語）不定式可作主、賓、表、定、狀、補語。起名詞，形容詞不定式可作主、賓、表、定、狀、補語。起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用。和副詞的作用。歸歸納納不

7、定式不定式 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式主動式被動式與謂語動作的關(guān)系一般式to doto be done進行式/與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式知識梳理形式主動式被動式與謂語動作的關(guān)系一般式to doto be done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后進行式to be doing/與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式to have doneto have been done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(

8、 (一般式表示與謂語的動作同時一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/ /幾乎幾乎/ /發(fā)生在發(fā)生在它之后它之后.).)( (在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時, ,不定式的動作也正在進行不定式的動作也正在進行) )( (完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前, ,不定式的不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)) )不定式的時態(tài)不定式的時態(tài):It is said that Rob

9、ot has been studying abroad.Robot is said to_.2. It is said that Robot studied abroad.Robot is said to_.3. It is said that Robot is studying abroad.-Robot is said to _.4. It is said that Robot will study abroad.-Robot is said to _.動詞不定式的語態(tài)動詞不定式的語態(tài).主動式主動式( to do / to be doing /to have done) We want t

10、o learn English well. He is the first student to have got the prize. We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here. She wished to have been reading as much as the others.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時動作的執(zhí)行者時. .不定式的使用動詞不定式的語態(tài)動詞不定式的語態(tài).被動式被動式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt lik

11、e to be laughed at.2. The chairman announced the meeting to be started.3. The news reporters hurried to the airports, only to be told the film star had left.4. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears to have been told everything.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時的動作的承受者時. .不定式的用法動

12、詞不定式的語態(tài)動詞不定式的語態(tài)1. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海（上海98） being badly treated B. treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.2. The transportation will improve a lot in this city, with two new roads _ in the near future. A. to construct

13、B. being constructed C. to be constructed D. constructing不定式的用法不定式在句中的作用 It is necessary to tell him the truth. To tell him the truth is necessary.練習(xí)1. 再次見到你真高興。再次見到你真高興。 Its good / a great pleasure to see you again.2. 他們那樣做是不明智的他們那樣做是不明智的。 It is unwise_. It is + n/ adj. ( for/of sb.) to doTo give u

14、p smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.不定式的用法不定式的用法of them to do like that不定式在句中的作用 2. I need to attend the meeting. 練習(xí)他們決定周末去野餐。They have _at the weekend.She wants to see the new movie. decide,/determine, learn, want, expect/ hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choo

15、se, plan, agree, ask/beg, help/ afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten他拒絕借給我自行車。They _me his bike.不定式的用法decided to have a picnicrefused to lendV+ to do 決心學(xué)會想希望決心學(xué)會想希望, ,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝. . 學(xué)會答應(yīng)選計劃學(xué)會答應(yīng)選計劃, ,同意請求幫一幫同意請求幫一幫. 不定式在句中的作用3. Have you got any questions to ask? I have no chair to sit on.練習(xí)沒什么可擔(dān)

16、心的。There is nothing to worry about.定語 Betty是第一個知道真相的人. Betty was the first to know the truth.不定式的用法修飾抽象名詞如修飾抽象名詞如：ability, answer, reply, chance, excuse, idea, moment, reason, time , promise, attempt, way 等等+to do我沒機會外出觀光。I have no chance to go sightseeing.不定式在句中的作用4. The best way to learn English i

17、s to make friends with a native speaker.練習(xí)我的目標(biāo)是考入北大。她的夢想是當(dāng)一名設(shè)計師。My goal is_.Her dream is _.不定式的用法to be admitted to Beijing Universityto become a designer不定式在句中的作用5. I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.練習(xí)你可以讓你姐姐幫你一下。You can ask your sister to help you .我總是勸他戒煙。I always advise him t

18、o give up smoking.advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, order, persuade, permit, prefer, tell, want, warn, wish, would like sb. to do不定式的用法五看五看 watch see observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一發(fā)現(xiàn)、感覺一發(fā)現(xiàn)、感覺: find, feel注意：當(dāng)不定式放在下列動詞后面作賓語補語時，注意：當(dāng)不定式放在下列動詞后

19、面作賓語補語時，不定式不帶不定式不帶to。 常用口訣如下：常用口訣如下：四看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一發(fā)四看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一發(fā)現(xiàn)、感覺現(xiàn)、感覺 - Can I have the document right now? - Of course. Wait a minute and Ill have my secretary _ it for you. A. to print B. printing C. printed D. print2. We tried hard , and eventually, we were able to get Mike _ us his car for jus

20、t a day. A. lending B. lend C. to lend D. lent PracticeI made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).The director had her assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting. 不定式在句中的作用練習(xí)我匆忙趕到汽車站，只是發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車剛剛離開。Hes gone to the office to ask questions.I hurried to the bus stop, only to find the bu

21、s had just left.6. She listens to the news every day so as to find out what s going on.7. I was disappointed to hear the news.他去辦公室問題了。不定式的用法不定式的其他用法1. 和疑問詞連用It is useful to know how to drive.To know how to drive is useful.你決定穿什么參加去參加面試了嗎？你決定穿什么參加去參加面試了嗎？Have you decided what to wear to the intervie

22、w?沒人告訴我在哪買票。沒人告訴我在哪買票。Nobody told me where to buy the ticket.decide, discuss, explain, find out, learn, show, teach, tell, wonder whether/what/who/how/where/when to do其他用法2. 和否定詞連用不定式的其他用法We turned down the music in order not todisturb the neighbors.not to do1. 媽媽讓他不要花太多的時間玩電腦游戲。媽媽讓他不要花太多的時間玩電腦游戲。Mo

23、ther told him not to spend too much time on PC games.2. 他假裝沒看見我。他假裝沒看見我。She pretended not to see me.其他用法3.3.不定式在一些特殊句型中的運用：不定式在一些特殊句型中的運用：tooto (Textbook P 59. Ex. 4 )enough to (P 59. Ex. 5 )It is adj. for sb. to It is adj. of sb. toSb./Sth. is said/ reported to 難點突破4.動詞不定式不帶to的特殊情況：(1)在介詞在介詞but, ex

24、cept, besides ,than 前若有實義前若有實義動詞動詞do時：時：What do you like to do besides swim?He could do nothing except/but wait.He did nothing else than laugh.I could hardly do less than lie in bed.I did no more than finish the work.難點突破(2) 表示表示“只好只好, ,不得不不得不” 的的but but 之后之后：(cant /could not but, cant / could not h

25、elp but , cant choose but)1)Its raining hard. I cant help but stay at home.2)We could not but face the reality.3)I cant choose but finish the work.4.動詞不定式不帶to的特殊情況：難點突破5.獨立結(jié)構(gòu)獨立結(jié)構(gòu)to be frank, to be exact,to be honest,to begin withTo tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)類似的結(jié)構(gòu)Exercises: 判斷成分判

26、斷成分 He wants to be a singer. Its very easy to do the work. He often comes to see me. Have you see him come in? He was considered to have taken it.二二. 用正確的詞的形式填空。用正確的詞的形式填空。 They watered the soil _(stop) it getting too dry. Your sister is said _(take) a plane before.1 When I came in, he pretended _(r

27、ead) a book. 賓賓主主狀狀賓補賓補主語補足語主語補足語to stopto have takento be reading4. _(make) things worse, my car was held up by the traffic accident.5. We used to hear our teacher _ (sing) this song.6. The meeting _(hold) next week is very important.7. The dusty air makes it difficult _(get) a clear picture of spa

28、ce.三三. 翻譯下列各句翻譯下列各句singto be heldto getTo make1. 不定式的完成和進行式1. 給你添了這么多麻煩，真對不起。給你添了這么多麻煩，真對不起。Im sorry to have brought you so much trouble.2.我們沒想到你已經(jīng)請了他。我們沒想到你已經(jīng)請了他。We dont expect you to have invited her.3.據(jù)報道他們正在這個地區(qū)修建另外一條鐵路。據(jù)報道他們正在這個地區(qū)修建另外一條鐵路。They are reported to be building another railway across the region. 4.我們很高興這一段時間和你一起學(xué)習(xí)。我們很高興這一段時間和你一起學(xué)習(xí)。We are happy to have been studying together with you.練習(xí)鞏固不定式的其他用法2. 不定式