中考英語語法第一輪復(fù)習(xí)之冠詞與介詞

1、中考英語語法第一輪復(fù)習(xí)之冠詞與介詞冠詞一、概念1 .冠詞是一種虛詞，不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分e.g. The sun rose red.旭日升。冠詞+太陽組成這個(gè)句子的主語2 .主要放在名詞前，不能離開名詞單獨(dú)存在e.g. Youd better take the as soon as possible.A. medicine B. medical C.不填3 .在句中對名詞起限制作用e.g. Open the door, please!請開門！（特指開說話者指定的門）二、分類1 .不定冠詞：a an表泛指，即首次提到的或不限定的人或事物。也可表示數(shù)量“一”。后面接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。元音音素前用an,

2、輔音音素前用a。e.g. Im an English teacher.我是一名英語老師。表示某類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。A plane is a machine that can fly.飛機(jī)是一種能飛的機(jī)械。用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，表示某一類人或事物，以區(qū)別于其他種類。There is a plane flying in the sky.有一架飛機(jī)在天上飛。表示某人或某物，但不具體說明是何人何物。There is a plane flying in the sky. The plane is really fast.有一架飛機(jī)在天上飛。這架飛機(jī) 真的飛得很快。EX:以下那些句子應(yīng)填入不定冠詞The

3、re is dog lying on the ground.There is man swimming in the river. He must be Jack! young man is waiting for you.He came to Beijing in _ autumn of 2008.I have failed twice, but I will try a third time. 我失敗兩次了，但是我將再嘗試一次。用于序數(shù)詞前表示“再一、又一”的意思2 .定冠詞：the表特指，即上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限定的人或事，也可以是指 說話雙方都默認(rèn)的人或事等用法。定冠詞的用法

4、口訣：一獨(dú)：指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。e.g. The earth moves around the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)二雙：指說話雙方都知道的。e.g. Open the door, please!請開門!三方：表示方位的名詞前用the.e.g. Its wet in the south.在南方氣候很潮濕。四級：形容詞最高級前要用the.e.g. She is the tallest girl in our class.她是我們班最高的女孩。五樂：西洋樂器名詞前要加the.e.g. Lily is good at playing the piano.莉莉擅長彈鋼琴。六姓：在某些姓氏前用定

5、冠詞the,表示某某一家。e.g. Please give my best regards to the Browns, will you?請幫我給布朗一家?guī)ノ易钫鎿吹木匆?，好嗎？七形：在某些形容詞前加the,表示某一類人或某一類事物。e.g. The new always take the place of the old.新人總會取代舊人。比如：the rich富人the poor窮人八山：在山脈、江河、湖海、群島前加thee.g. We climbed the Mount Tai last year.去年我們?nèi)ヅ懒颂┥?。九黨：在黨派、機(jī)構(gòu)、報(bào)紙名稱、某些國名前用 the.e.g. Th

6、e Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國十序：序數(shù)詞前要加the.e.g. My room is on the second floor.我的房間在第二層。三、零冠詞口訣：下列情況不用冠，名詞之前代詞限。專有名詞不可數(shù)，學(xué)科球類和三餐。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，星期月份季節(jié)前。顏色語種和國名，稱呼習(xí)語和頭銜。（交通工具、球類、三餐、學(xué)科、名詞前有形容詞性無主代詞或名詞所有格、稱呼、公共假日、季節(jié)、表示泛指意義的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞等）e.g. by bike play football have lunch English my bike Jack New Years

7、Day in autumn Animals cant live without water.介詞、表示時(shí)間的介詞: at 后跟具體的時(shí)刻或地點(diǎn) 如： at 2:00、 at home in 后跟年份月份、月份、季節(jié)或泛指某天早中晚。如： in May 、in summer 、 in themorning on 后跟某日、星期幾或具體某天的上、下、晚。如： on Mondayfor+一段時(shí)間。如：for a daysince+時(shí)間點(diǎn) at, on 的區(qū)別：節(jié)假日中含有Day 的用 on, 表示節(jié)日當(dāng)天節(jié)假日中不含有 Day的用at,表示在節(jié)日期間。in+一段時(shí)間：表示從現(xiàn)在算起的將來的一段時(shí)間a

8、fter+語段時(shí)間：表示從過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)算起的一段時(shí)間之后。時(shí)間表達(dá)a、整點(diǎn)+oclock幾點(diǎn)整b、分鐘+past+時(shí)鐘幾點(diǎn)過幾分c、分鐘+to+時(shí)鐘 幾點(diǎn)差幾分d 、先時(shí)鐘，后分鐘 幾時(shí)幾分年月日的表達(dá)先月，后日，再年e.g. on March the eighth, nineteen ninety-four 1994 年 3 月 8 日二、表示地點(diǎn)方位的介詞： in 表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某一方位（屬于該范圍）。Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 on 表示與某地的毗鄰關(guān)系。Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 湖北

9、在湖南的北方。 to 表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位（不屬于該范圍）。China is to the west of Japan. 中國位于日本的西部。 in, at 的區(qū)別： in 接大地點(diǎn)， at 接小地點(diǎn) on, over, above 的區(qū)別：on 表示垂直上方，與物體表面有接觸，“在。之上”over 表示垂直上方，與物體表面無接觸，還有“越過，跨過，超越”之意。反義詞為under.above ”在。上方”但不一定是垂直上方，表面無接觸，反義詞為 below. through, across, cross, over 的區(qū)別：through 指從空間內(nèi)“穿過，通過”，如： through

10、the rainacross指從物體表面穿過，如： across the street cross 是動詞over the river.over 指從上方“越過；從一邊到另一邊”，如： between, among 的區(qū)另U： between 一般指兩者之間among 一般指三者或三者以上之間on the tree表示樹上長出來的；in the tree表示臨時(shí)停在樹上的on the wall表示東西粘帖在墻上；in the wall表示門、窗等嵌在墻上。d斌牛刀一、用ar Jd,?？谔羁?. rbe have。PE Mod day-2. Classes h吆in S：0D.3. 口。bavt

11、 four 1砥3。口3 the morning.1. I wa tcb 1 play Fnday5. My sister play basketball half past four the afternoou,6. Mv parents get upsix Thirtv even- moiTiing.7. We have Luncb nomS. His brother gets Io ti of presents his birthday,SL Flowers come out spiing.10. She b afraid of ant night二、懶漢翻I譯句子1 .會議下午三點(diǎn)十分

12、開始.The meeting begins in be af(crnOD, i.We go home 3 .他的父段三點(diǎn)三十分由His pat ents go to work .一周有七天.There are stvtn days a week5 .他們星期五不Thty dont have kans Triday.6 .他的生日在十月一日.His birthday is Che first of October.今夏天勝It h ven- bot summer7 2005年湯姆來到了中國low comes to China 20.9 .他們在周六晚Jl看電號The go to thednetn

13、a Saturdayaftei DaoB.10 .不要在下雨的夜礎(chǔ)去DooTt 自。ut a rainy evening.EX:1_ China E old ccuutt with Iong hinory.A. The: an: aB.an： aC. /: an theD. /- (be; 2. Does To nt ofteu play foo tbaU after school?A_ / ; /B_ / ; theC. th% /D_ a； /3-What colour is fltange?It:s oraue.A_ anT aaB. aiL, theC. anT/D_ J, an4,

14、In the United S(a(es fathers Day falh on tiiird Saaday in June.A. tbe/B. the aC. /, theD. a,/5, -WhaiTs (be mattet vith you ?-I caugbcbad cold and bad f4 stay iobd.A. a, /B. j, theC. a, aD. 山七由電6* She is ufacomer to chemistry but she has already made some importantdiscoveries.A_ ThejheB. the, IC. a,

15、 fD. a, Theh工 After *nitchug TV, she playedA. /T/B. the, theviolin for au houi:C_ the, !D. lf theS. tVhBn Linda was a child, her mother always 1h b骷f haveb聞.A. the breakfast inB. rhe breakfast in theC- breakfast inD_ breakfast in rhe9. Alexander &rahAtn Bell inveofedB. atelephone id 18715.C_ theB. o

16、ne10. 1 have Iwo dogs. black one is two vears aid andiellow one is rbr電白 vtarsold.A, aB. The, aC. Th& th。D. A, (h二、英語書面表達(dá)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2.寫作百善孝為先”孝敬父母是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。某英語報(bào)社正在舉辦以弘揚(yáng)中華傳統(tǒng)文化”為主題的征文活動，請你以“We should honor ourparents為題，寫一篇短文參加征文活動。內(nèi)容包括 ：What do you often do for your parents?Why should we honor our parents?H

17、ow should we honor our parents?要求：1）表達(dá)清楚，語法正確，上下文連貫；2）必須包括表格中所有的相關(guān)信息，并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；3）詞數(shù)：100詞左右（開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）；4）不得使用真實(shí)姓名、校名和地名等。We should honor our parentsAs we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition ofChina.【答案】 We should honor our parentsAs we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradit

18、ion of China.I honor my parents.I often help my parents do housework in my spare time.I think its our duty to honor our parents.Our parents take much effort to raise us, so its important for us to honor them.They love us so we should love and respect them.First of all, we should try our best to stud

19、y hard to make them proud of us.Then, we can help our parents with some housework because they are tired after working.Next, we should respect them and never talk to them rudely.Wed better communicate with them patiently if we have different opinions.Its also important to tell our parents we love th

20、em.【解析】【分析】本題要求考生以 我們應(yīng)該尊敬我們的父母”為題結(jié)合所給的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，寫一篇作文【詳解】這是篇材料作文，主要內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)已給，所以考生要圍繞著要點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行寫作，不要遺漏，當(dāng) 然順序可以適當(dāng)調(diào)整。這篇作文又句型亮點(diǎn)，例如： As we know, 眾所周知；.I think its our duty to do sth等等，其次文章結(jié)構(gòu)也比較清晰，例如第二段的銜接詞，F(xiàn)irst of all,Then, Next,使用的簡單而恰當(dāng)。3.假如你是陽光中學(xué)的李華，你校成功舉辦了中華詩詞朗誦比賽”，請用英語寫一篇短文，介紹活動情況并呼吁更多的人參與這樣的活動。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：時(shí)間地點(diǎn)5月23號

21、下午；學(xué)校禮堂。每學(xué)期舉辦一次?；顒咏榻B今年乂大獲成功。同學(xué)們的精彩表現(xiàn)得到了大家的高度評價(jià)。八年級的士麗獲一等獎。她極具朗誦天賦。每位獲勝者贏得一張免費(fèi)書展的票。呼吁參與的理由(自擬1到2點(diǎn))注意事項(xiàng)：(1)須包括所給內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，要求語句通順、行文連貫作、適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；(2)詞數(shù)在80個(gè)左右，文稿的開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；參考詞匯：中華詩詞朗誦比賽Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition;表現(xiàn)performance;高度評價(jià) think highly of ;朗誦 recite;天賦 gift;免費(fèi)的 freeIm Li Hua from Sunshine Midd

22、le School. Our school.【答案】Im Li Hua from Sunshine Middle School. Our school held a Chinese Poetry Reciting Competition on the afternoon of May 23rd. It was held in the school hall. The competition is held every tram. This year it was a big success again. All the teachers and students thought highly

23、of the students wonderful performances. Wang Li from Grade 8 won the first prize. She has a real gift for reciting .Each winner won a free ticket for the book show.I hope more people will take part in this activity and enjoy the beautiful Chinese culture 【解析】【詳解】本題是一篇給材料作文，介紹中華詩詞朗誦比賽”活動情況并呼吁更多的人參與這樣

24、的活動。短文用第一人稱和第三人稱，還會用到被動語態(tài)的句子。寫作思路：考生需要首先審 清主題，圍繞主題展開作文，其次考生可根據(jù)表格中的要點(diǎn)提示去寫作。文章必須包括要 點(diǎn)中所給的信息，但不要逐句翻譯，并補(bǔ)充兩條個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)。在寫作過程中，要注意句與 句、段與段之間的過渡，必要時(shí)可適當(dāng)運(yùn)用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關(guān)系的連詞， 使文章過渡平穩(wěn)，自然流暢；最后，要仔細(xì)檢查有無單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號誤用等，還 要檢查語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，有無重復(fù)、啰嗦的語言，大小寫是否正確，詞數(shù)是否符合要求4.為提升南京城市形象，我市已啟動老小區(qū)出新改造工程。假設(shè)你是 Tim,請根據(jù)下面表格內(nèi)容的提示，用英文向你的外國筆友

25、Jack做簡單的介紹。Purposeimprove the environmentChanges to people?s lifebeautiful buildings,Problemslots of noise, rubbishYour advice、，、.一、一注意：1 . 文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；2 .語言通順，意思連貫，條理清楚，書寫規(guī)范；3 詞數(shù) 80 左右，開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Renovation of the oldHi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project comm

26、unities ” in Nanjing.【答案】 Hi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project“ Renovation of theold communities ” in Nanjing. This project is aim to improve the environment. After this project, there will be more beautiful buildings, some parks and a big shopping store. Our life wi

27、ll be more convenient. But there are some problems which influence our life. For example, lots of noise isaround us all day long, and we can see the building rubbish anywhere. In my opinion, the projectteam only work in daytime and the building rubbish can be put at a fixed place. Of course, everyon

28、e in the old communities can do what they can do to renovate our communities. 【解析】【分析】這篇書面表達(dá)是描述老社區(qū)改造工程，話題較新?！驹斀狻窟@是篇材料作文，所給的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)給的比較零碎，不完整，所以考生需要結(jié)合實(shí)際情況補(bǔ)充完整，是文章內(nèi)容充實(shí)。在寫作時(shí)，首先要選擇自己熟悉的短語或者句型，在能力范圍之內(nèi)，選擇句式時(shí)要賦予變化，這樣才可以更好的駕馭。同時(shí)也要選擇合適的連接詞，把各個(gè)要點(diǎn)組織成一個(gè)完整的整體。5 你有沒有因?yàn)闆]能好好管理時(shí)間而影響了學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷?請你寫一篇文章談?wù)勥@件事及你的看法。內(nèi)容包括： 1.你沒完成

29、學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的經(jīng)歷（事情，原因及后果）；2.針對如何管理好時(shí)間給出幾點(diǎn)建議。作文要求： 1.短文須包括所有提示內(nèi)容，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。 2.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名、校名和地名。3.詞數(shù)80 個(gè)左右（開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。Once, I couldnt make good use of time and it had a bad influence on mystudy.【答案】 Once, I couldnt make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my study.I had an experience like this. Las

30、t weekend, my good friend, Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game. It was interesting. So I spent more time on it. I forgot to do my homework in the end. My teachers and parents were angry with me. I was also upset.How to make good use of our time? I think we should make a weekday plan. W

31、e should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. It can help us to remember what we have to do next. 【解析】 【詳解】 這篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短語，為文章增色不少，如 make good use of ， last weekend ， how to do ， play a game， a kin

32、d of ， spent more time on ， forget to do ， in the end ， be angry with ， be going to do ， on the paper ， put up 等。而特殊非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)Jimtaught me how to play a kind of computer game. 和 I think we should make a weekday plan. /We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing

33、 clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. /It can help us to remember what we have to do next. 等復(fù)雜從句結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用，豐富了短文內(nèi)容，使表達(dá)多樣化，是本文的亮點(diǎn)。在學(xué)習(xí)中注意總結(jié)牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時(shí)就可以適當(dāng)引用，使文章表達(dá)更有邏輯性， 也更富有條理?！军c(diǎn)睛】要求：1.除上圖所給提示外，再寫出兩條如何學(xué)好漢語的建議;2.文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名和校名；3.字?jǐn)?shù)80詞左右。郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear David,6.假如你是李雷，彳的英

34、國筆友David發(fā)郵件向你咨詢?nèi)绾螌W(xué)好漢語。請根據(jù)提示和要求用英語給David回復(fù)郵件。書面表達(dá)題既不是漢譯英，也不是可任意發(fā)揮的作文。它要求將所規(guī)定的材料內(nèi)容經(jīng)整理 后展開思維，考查運(yùn)用所學(xué)英語知識準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)意思的能力。所以，考生不能遺漏要點(diǎn)，要 盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞、短語和句式，盡可能使用高級詞匯和較復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以便得 到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。How io learn Chinese wellI m glad to receive your email. Heres some advice on how to learn Chinese well.Best wishes.Yours, Li Lei

35、【答案】Dear David,I m glad to receive your email. Here s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.It s a good idea to watch movies. You ll find it helpful to improve your listening skills. Readingalways plays a key role in language learning, so do more reading in your spare time.In my opinion, you d be

36、tter make more Chinese friends. They ll be glad to lend you a hand and itprovides a good chance for you to learn about Chinese culture. It s a wise choice to use your celphone, which allows you to use apps, QQ or WeChat to learn Chinese.Practice makes perfect, so do remember to keep practicing every

37、 day!Follow the advice, and I m sure you can learn Chinese well! Best wishes.Yours, Li Lei【解析】這是一篇提綱作文，讓考生給英國筆友David寫封回信，就如何才能學(xué)好中文給QQ出建議。這需要我們發(fā)揮英語思維，將提供的信息用英語完整流暢的表達(dá)出來。寫作需要 用第二人稱，時(shí)態(tài)主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)包括：觀看中文電影；閱讀；另外至少再 寫出兩條建議，可自由發(fā)揮，如：學(xué)唱中文歌曲，交中國朋友，利用手機(jī)，應(yīng)用程序，或微信來學(xué)習(xí)中文等等。建議信要寫出寫信的原因、建議的內(nèi)容及提出建議的理由和根 據(jù)，理由要合情合理，

38、語氣一定要緩和，因此建議信要寫得簡明扼要、目的明確、具有合 理性和說服力。7. 假如你叫李華，三年的初中生活即將結(jié)束，你將迎來漫長的暑假，你的筆友Peter寫信來 詢問你的暑假計(jì)劃。請根據(jù)表格中所給的基本信息給你的筆友回信，告訴他你的暑假計(jì)劃。要求：1 .回信必須包含表格中的所有信息，并可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，字?jǐn)?shù)在80字左右，開頭和結(jié)尾不計(jì)入總字?jǐn)?shù)。2 .回信中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名和校名，否則將以零分計(jì)。3 .書面表達(dá)必須寫在答題卡上，如在本卷上作答，一律不得分。Your planswhatwhyPlan onevisit grandparentsmiss themPlan twovisit Beijin

39、g and Shanghaiwant to open my eyesPlan threelearn senior （高中） English and math by myselfdream to go to a famous universityDear peter,YoursLi Hua【答案】例文 Dear peter ,Thank you for your letter, in the letter, you asked me how I planned my summer vacation, now, let me tell you all about it.Firstly I will

40、 visit my grandparents as soon as I leave school, I haven t see them for a long timiss them so much. Then , I am going to take trip to Beijing and Shanghai to open up my eyes, as we all know, both cities are so beautiful and important, I believe I can learn a lot by travelling.After coming back, I w

41、ill learn senior subjects by myself to get ready for the coming senior school, because I dream to go to a famous university.That s all about my plans, please write me soon and tell me about yours.YoursLihua【解析】【詳解】本文分三個(gè)自然段。第一段點(diǎn)出文章主題you asked me how I planned my summer vacation,now, let me tell you a

42、ll about it 。第二自然段用 Firstly, Then , After coming back 有序列出三 個(gè)計(jì)戈U。文章結(jié)尾用That s all about my plans, please write me soon and tell me about yours 總結(jié)。另外，文中為第一人稱，時(shí)態(tài)主要為一般將來時(shí)will visit my grandparents , I am goingto take trip , I will learn senior subjects 等。8 .假如你是李明，將參加今年暑期的澳大利亞悉尼新南威爾士語言學(xué)校的游學(xué)活動 (study tou

43、r),該項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人 Mike給你發(fā)來了封電子郵件征詢你對此次游學(xué)活動的想法和建議。請閱讀以下信息，并回復(fù)一封電子郵件。Dear Li Ming,XVtE glad to know you*re comtng to our school for your study tour this summer holiday. Here are two host families for you to choose to live in: rhe (ireen familyold couple, no children, two dogsa flat. in the centre of Sydney W

44、i-fi 350 poundsThe fiiueA ftimifyi mid(11e-ageil couple, a junior school boy, a primary school girla house, link far Irom Sydney a garden 230 poundsL Which hosl fumily would you like Io choose? Why? (2-3 points)2. We can ofler you a buddy during your siay al our 就hooL Whal da you expect him4icr In d

45、o lo help you? (1-2 points)3. What would you like to do al weekends? Why? (I -2 points) 注意事項(xiàng)：1 .文章所寫內(nèi)容必須包括郵件中的問題所涉及的所有信息。2 .文章要求語意通順，條理清楚，書寫規(guī)范，不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的姓名、校名等信息。3 .文章詞數(shù)在100詞左右，開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear Sir/Madam,I m glad to receive your email and I have read it carefully. I have decided to live inI，m reall

46、y looking forward to this study tour!Many thanks,Li Ming【答案】例文： Dear Sir/Madam,I m glad to receive your email and I have read it carefully. I have decided to live in the Green family. The old couple have no children but two dogs, so they will have more time to communicate with me in English and I ca

47、n play with their pets as well. Their flat is in the centre of Sydney, so it s easy for me to go around. I can also use t-hfietoWkieep in touch with my parents. My family can afford the cost of 350 pounds.I m lucky to have a buddy during my stay at your school. eI xpect him/her to help me with my pr

48、oblems in my study. I can chat with him/her in English to improve my speaking skills.m also curious aI love history so I want to visit some places of interest at the weekend. I local food and I want to have a taste.I m really looking forward to this study tour!Many thanks,Li Ming【解析】【詳解】這是一篇應(yīng)用作文，郵件內(nèi)

49、容要回答郵件中的三個(gè)問題，可分為三個(gè)段落進(jìn)行回答。好單詞：afford 負(fù)擔(dān)得起好短語：communicate with 和交流as well 也keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人 chat with和聊天place of interest 名勝古跡 be curious about 對感至U好奇 have a taste 嘗一嘗 好句式：Their flat is in the centre of Sydney, so its easy for me to go around. 他們的公寓在悉尼