初中英語非謂語動詞講解

1、非謂語動詞之 “動詞不定式 ”解詳非謂語動詞就是不充當(dāng)謂語的動詞，分兩種。一是動詞不定式。二是動詞ing 形式。一、動詞不定式1）作主語To learn English well is not easy.或It is not easy to learn English well.說明 動詞不定式作主語時，往用往it 作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型：e.g. It is + adj.+動詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2）作表語（表語用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由

2、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、 動詞的 -ing 形式、不定式、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于系動詞（ be, become, appear, seem,look, sound, feel, get, smell等詞）之后。 ）e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3）作賓語或者賓語補語足e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4）作定語： e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5）作狀語： e.g

3、. He stopped to have a look. 說明 動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞 who, what, which和疑問副詞when, where, how, why等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。e.g. (1) He doesn tknow how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The question is when t

4、o go there.3、省去了to 的動詞不定式1） let, have, make+do2）感官動詞see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。注意： 在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。e.g. I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.3） would rather， had better + do4、

5、動詞不定式的特殊句型：1） too ?to?+to do ：e.g. He is too excited to speak.2） enough to do：e.g. The child is old enough to go to school.3） Why not +doe.g. Why not take a holiday?4） so as (not) to do:表示目的e.g. Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.5、不定式的難點：1）用作介詞的 “ to：”比如說look forward to ; pay attention to; de

6、vote oneself tobe/get used to，后面都是+doing的 ！2） It's for sb. 和It's of sb. 的區(qū)別1二、動詞ing 形式：動詞ing 形式分為兩種，一是動名詞，二是現(xiàn)在分詞1動詞的-ing 形式用作動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加-ing 構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。1）動名詞作主語：e.g. Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的運動2）動名詞作表語e.g. My favorite sport is swimming.我最喜歡的

7、運動是游泳。3）動名詞作賓語：e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate.吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。e.g. She can t help crying at a sad movie.她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭。說明 有些動詞和動詞短語只能接動名詞。e.g.admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feellike, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,。6）動名詞作定語：動名詞可

8、以單獨作定語，就像形容詞一樣。e.g.a smiling face笑臉swimming pool游泳池dining-car餐車2動詞的-ing 形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing 分詞通常用作賓語補足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進行。這種用法通常用在下列動詞中： see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observee.g.1 ） There we found him watching TV.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。2） I heard someone knocking at the door.我聽見有人在敲門。

9、3動詞ing 形式和動名詞之間的比較：下面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思都是一樣的：begin to dobegin doingcontinue to docontinue doingstart to dostart doing下面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思是不一樣的：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingbe afraid to dobe afraid doing【專練】1.Don't f

10、orget _ the letter.A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. being sent2.The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on3.Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which4.I'm afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smokeB. sm

11、okingC. smokesD. smoke5.Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boil26. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought7. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking

12、8. He _ two million yuan _a vase at the auction.A. spent, buyB. cost, buyingC. paid, buyD. spent, buying9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him10.John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing11.

13、_ is one thing, _ is quite another.A. To say, to doB. Say, doC. Said, didD. To say, do12.I ll try _ the same mistakes again.A. to not makeB. not makeC. not to makeD. not making13.It s too hard _ it by himself.A. not to doB. to doC. that I doD. doing14.It s time for sports. Let s _bowling, shall we?A

14、. goB.to goC. goingD. goes15.MZhrou, you d better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight, said the doctor.A. not to eatB.to eatC. not eatD. eat1 If you keep _(fight) with him, you may hurt yourself.2 The students are busy _(prepare) for the coming exam.3 His duty is _(save) the sick people.4 I

15、have nothing _ (send) you.5 They were made _ (work) ten hours a day.6 No one knows what _ (do) next.【提高題】I. 選擇題。1.The doctor came_ our eyes.A. to examineB. for examiningC. as to examineD. examining2.Our teacher always makes us _ hard.A. to workB. workC. workingD. worked3._ our classroom once a week

16、is necessary.A. CleaningB. CleanCleanedD. To clean4._ is our duty _ good service to customersA. That, to giveB. This, givingC. It, to giveD. It, giving5.It took years_ the highrise.A. for our buildingB. for us in buildingC. to buildD. building6.Their wish is _ a house of their own.A. to haveB. for h

17、avingC. haveD. of having7.The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home.A. to let, takeB. to let, to takeC. letting, takeD. let, take316.When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lendingB. lentC. to lendD. in lending17.I don't like_ people _about their neighbours.A. hear, talk

18、ingB. to hear, talkingC. to hear, to talkD. hearing, talked18.I haven't decided _A. to take which trainB. which to take a trainC. which train to takeD. which train taken19.You must remember_ me a phone call as soon as you get there.A. givingB. to giveC. gaveD. give20. Professor Brown taught his

19、students_ English, and he learned _Chinese from them.A. how to speak, speakingB. how to speak, to speakC. how speaking, speakingD. how speak, to speak21. Sorry, I forgot_ you that the party wouldn't be held tonight.That's all right.Mary has told me about it.A. tellingB. I toldC. toldD. to te

20、ll22. I wonder_ him or not.A. if inviteB. whether to inviteC to inviteD. if to invite23. I hope_ yourself.A. you to manageB. for you to manageC. you managingD. that you can manage24. Would you like _you the way there? It's kind of you. Thank you.A. me showingB. that I showC. me showD. me to show

21、25.The old man said that he'd prefer_alone in the country rather than live with his son inthe city.A. livingB. to liveC. that he livesD. for him to live26.I know Alice very well. I have seen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow27.Since nobody told her_, she came to our

22、help.A. what she didB. to do whatC. what to doD. what she to do28. My aunt showed me _.A. how to make a dressB. how a dress be madeC. how making a dressD. how a dress made29.After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried_ more exercises_ .A. to find, to doB. finding, to doC. to find, sh

23、e didD. finding, done30.The policeman told Smith _after drinking.A. to not driveB. not drivingC. not driveD. not to drive31.Tom kept quiet about his mistake_ lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to32.Pat should love _ little Jim to the theatre this evening.A. to tak

24、eB. takingC. that he would takeD. for him to take33.We enjoy _very much, because it is good for our health.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran434. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _.A. turn it offB. to turn it offC. that I turned it offD. that I should turn it off35. They were very tire

25、d and stopped_ under a big tree.A. restingB. to restC.restD. that they would rest36. Would you mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell meB. tellingC. to tellD. if telling37.He promised_ a doctor for my son.A. me to getB. that he got meC. me gettingD. me that he got38.Father to

26、ld the boy _the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he gaveB. to giveC. givingD. gave.39._that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their day's work.A. For gettingB. GetC. So as to getD. In order to get40.I think you are_ meals yourself.A. enough old to cookB. old enough

27、to cookC. old enough for cookingD. enough old cooking41.The maths problem is_ difficult_.A. so, as to work outB. very , to work outC. too, to work outD. quite, worked out42.Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didn't hear him in.A. comingB. cameC. to comeD. come43.Have you anythi

28、ng important_ us?A. to tellB. tellingC. told usD. you tell44. Do you know about Captain Ed Mitchell? 202 Yes. He was the sixth man _on the moon.A. walkingB. walkedC. to walkD. of walking45.It is nice_her_so.A. for, to sayB. for, sayingC. of, to sayD. of, said46.Isn't it a nice way_the hard probl

29、em?A. to solveB. in solvingC. solveD. solving47.You'd better_ her about her own health now.A. not to tellB. not tellC. to not tellD. to tell not48.What a coincidence!Dr. Brown happened_ the doctor I was looking for.A. he wasB. beingC. to beD. to beingII. 填空題。8.Factories do not let out dirty wate

30、r_ (為了不污染河流).9.Her job is _. ( 照顧醫(yī)院里患病的孩子)10.In the supermarket the college students learned_. (如何為顧客服務(wù) )11.There were so many toys that Judy didn't know_. (挑選哪一個 ).12.The only trouble is_. ( 如何保護這些電腦)13.He will save money _.(為了支付將來的大學(xué)費用)14.The nurse_ . ( 不允許孩子們玩火柴)549.This medicine will_.( 幫你入睡

31、 )50.They will be sent_( 到非洲當(dāng)醫(yī)療隊員).51.The boy asked his teacher_.( 讓他自己修理冰箱)52.The question is_. ( 是否讓孩子們自己解決這個問題).53.This telephone is_. ( 足夠小可以放進口袋)54.This book will tell you _. (如何使這臺電腦儲存信息)55.I _. （沒有回答試卷上的最后一個問題）56.It is not easy _. (一個人戒煙)57.You can take a taxi there_ _. (而不是步行去 )58.The underg

32、round train is _. (足夠快可在20分鐘內(nèi)從我們學(xué)校行駛到體育場 ).59.The lecture hall is_.（太小容納不下500個學(xué)生）60.Julia hurried to school_. (沒有吃早餐).61.I told the students_.（不要將罐頭和飲料瓶扔進河里）62.Thomas _. ( 有許多問題要問老師)63. Do you know the saying“ _.” （活到老學(xué)到老）64. Jack saw _. ( 牛跑回來 )65.Athens ran all the way_(把好消息告訴他的人民).66.He was the f

33、irst man _. (騎騎自行車做環(huán)球旅行)67.They enjoy_. ( 爬山和野營)68. As soon as the teacher entered, he asked_( 我們停止講話 ).69._ ( 在一個半小時內(nèi)做完這份試卷) is almost impossible.70.We were happy_. (看到他們回到營地)71.Would you mind _.？ (我在你辦公室打電話)6答案：I.72. A2. B3. D4. C5. C6. A7. A8. C9. B15. C11. B12. B13. D14. B15. D16. D17. B 18.A19. C20. A21.A22.D23.B24. A25.B26.B27.B28.B29.A30.B31. D32. B33. C34. D35. A36. C37. C38. A39.B40. CII.1. so as not to pollute the rivers2. to take care of the sick children in the hospital3. how to serve custom