江蘇省南通市2020學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末考試試題(含解析)

1、江蘇省南通市2020 學(xué)年高一英語下學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)（共5 題；每小題 1 分，滿分 5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 聽完每段對(duì)話后， 你都有 10 秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1. What kind of pie does the woman like better ？A. The apple pieB. The cherry pie.C. The lemon cream pie.2. What TV show does the man want to

2、 watch?A. Game of Thrones.B. Here and Now.C. House of Cards.3. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Swim in the ocean.B. Enjoy the sunshine.C. Play with Mary on the beach.4. When will the speakers meet for dinner ？A. On Monday.B. On Friday.C. On Saturday.5. How will the man travel tomorrow ？A.

3、By train.B. By car.C. By airplane.第二節(jié)（共15 題；每小題 1 分，滿分 15 分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5 秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第 6 段材料，回答第6、 7 題。6. What are the speakers mainly talking about ？A. What snacks they like to have.B. What snacks the woman should

4、 bring.C. What snacks the man thinks are healthy.7. What will the speakers have during the games next week？A. Orange juice.B. Popcorn.C. Cola.聽第 7 段材料，回答第8、 9 題。8. Which city will the bus go finally？A. To Rome.B. To Geneva.C. To Paris.9. Which seat will the man sit on the bus?A. Seat 4. B. Seat 6. C

5、. Seat 8.聽第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 題。10. Where will the man go first this afternoon？A. To the market.B. To the post office.C To the repair shop.11. What will the man do tomorrow night ？A. Visit his grandparents.B. Have dinner with his mother.C. Throw a party for the kids.12. What will the speakers have f

6、or dinner tonight？A. Roast chicken.B. Sandwiches.C. Pizza.聽第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 題。13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A. Good friends.B. Boss and employee.C. Waiter and customer.14. What was the weather like yesterday ？A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny.15. What will the man do first

7、 ？A. Organize the shelves.B. Turn on the light.C. Wash the windows.16. What is the womans attitude toward the man ？A. Friendly.B. Angry.C. Cruel.聽第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20題。17. How many boats run from Athens to Samos every week in summerA. One. B. Two. C. Three.18. When does it rain a lot in Samos?A. In

8、April.B. In August.C. In November.19. What activity is perfect for travelers in the south of Samos?A. Climbing mountains.B. Relaxing on the beach.C. Visiting the villages.20. Where can visitors have parties according to the speaker?A In the north of Samos.B. In the west of Samos.C. In the east of Sa

9、mos.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)Tate Modern , London, UKTogether with three other Tate museums. Tate Modernlocated in London is a national museum of international音 modern art. It is one of the largest museumsof modernand contemporary art in the world. M

10、ost of the exhibititems are open to the public for free , only charging for major temporary （臨時(shí)的）exhibitions.The Musee du Louvre , Paris , FranceartIt is the worlds largest and most visitedand a historical land mark of Paris. Housedin the Louvre Palace , the museumhas been added to manytimes since i

11、ts opening in 1793. Its glass pyramid in the main courtyard was designed by Chinese American architect Ieoh Ming Pei ,and it later became a signature design of the museum.appearing in the hit thrillerThe Da Vinci Code starringTom Hanks and Audrey Tautou.Jlih.i 11 nin hu*腦b fcNational Museum of China

12、, Beijing, ChinaNear Tiananmen Square in Beijing, its one of the largest museumsin the world and the second-most visited art museum in the world, just after the Musee du Louvre.Covering a time span from the YuanmouMan of 1.7million years ago to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the museumhouses around 1

13、. 05 million items-and many cannot be found in museums elsewhere.r?, Fi jUpu 呈鈕:M State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, RussiaThe State Hermitage Museumis the second-largest art museumin the world. The public can visit five of the main buildings:the Winter Palace, Small Hermitage, OldHermitage, New

14、 Hermitage and Hermitage Theatre.Frequently seen in pop culture. it often appears as a setting for films. TV series, novels and even video games.1. Tate Modem, London, UK is attractive partly in that.A. it is a national museum with three branchesB. entry to most of its exhibitions is free of chargeC

15、. its exhibitions range from ancient art to modern artD. visitors can purchase some wonderful exhibit items2. What do we know about The Musee du Louvre?A. It often serves as a setting for films.B. It slays the same as it was when first built.C. It is the most visited art museum in the world.D. It wa

16、s designed by a Chinese American architect.3. Which museum displays unique items from the Yuanmou Man?A. Tate Modern. London, UK.B. The Musee du Louvre, Paris, France.C. National Museum of China, Beijing. China.D. State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia.【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。分別介紹了四個(gè)博物

17、館的具體情況?！?1 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句 Most of the exhibit items are open to the public for free ， only charging for major temporary exhibitions. （大部分展 品都是免費(fèi)向公眾開放的，只對(duì)大型臨時(shí)展覽收費(fèi)。）可知英國(guó)倫敦Tate Modem美 術(shù)館之所以吸引人，部分原因在于它的大部分展覽都是免費(fèi)的。故選 B。【 2 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句 It is the worlds largest and most visited art museum and a

18、 historical land mark of Paris. （它是世界上最大、參觀人數(shù)最多的藝術(shù)博物館，也是巴黎的歷史地標(biāo)。 ）可知 The Museedu Louvre 是世界上參觀人數(shù)最多的藝術(shù)博物館。故選C?！?3 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分中 Covering a time span from the YuanmouManof 1.7 million years ago to the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911）, the museumhouses around1.05 million items-and many cannot be found in m

19、useums elsewhere.（從 170萬年前的元牟人到清朝（1644-1911）,故宮博物院收藏了 105萬件文物，其中許多在 其他地方的博物館都找不到。）可知National Museum of China, Beijing. China.展出元謀人的獨(dú)特物品。故選 。BGrandparents are respected in many human societies. But telling stories about old times and overfeeding grandchildren seemlike humanqualities. Are these classi

20、c grandparent behaviors really limited to humans?Do any animals know their grandparents the way people do?For most species on Earth , the answer is certainlyNo . Usually ,there arent grandparents around anymorewhenan animal is born , said Mirkka Lahdenpera, a biologist at the University of Turku in

21、Finland. Even if an animals life span does overlap （重疊） with its grandparents , most species spread out to avoid competing for resources , so the chance of running into a grandparent is slim.But there are a few clear exceptions , primarily among mammals （哺孚L動(dòng) 物）that live in close social groups. In t

22、roops of langur monkeys in India.older females lived together with their daughters and grandchildren. The grandmother langurs defend the groups babies against attacks and even give their own grandchildren special treatment.Many whale species , too , travel in family groups that include both grandmot

23、hers and grandchildren.Elephant herds are also famously matriarchal. They are led by a grandmother, who can live to around 80 years old , and are generally madeup of her daughters and their young. The females in a herd form close bonds and work together to raise their young.Lahdenper found that the

24、babies of young mothers were eight times more likely to survive if their grandmothers lived near them than if they didnt. When the young mothers were older and more experienced at raising babies,this beneficial grandmother effect disappeared even if the actual grandmothers were still around.Indeed ,

25、 most evidence for the benefits of grand parenting comes from mammals. But in 2020 , researchers found that in troops of insects called gall-forming aphids , older females defend their relatives after theyve stopped reproducing（繁殖）.And what about grandfathers ? Studies of humans in recent decades ha

26、ve shown that a living grandfather can improve a persons mental health and other indicators of well-being. But theres no evidence of that in the animal kingdom. Male animals rarely socialize with their own children, let aloneany grandchildren.4. From what Mirkka Lahdenpera said, we can learn that.A.

27、 an animal is not very likely to meet a grandparentB. an animal is taken away from its grandparents at birthC. animals grandparents move away to avoid responsibilityD. animals grandparents often fail in competition for resources5. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 indicates that.A. elephants ha

28、ve a high level of intelligenceB. elephants enjoy an equal and fair social systemC. elephants are the largest land animals with a long lifeD. elephants live in social groups with females in charge6. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Insects still able to reproduce will defend their relatives.

29、B. Animals beneficial grandmother effect will exist forever.C. Animals can be mentally healthier with their grandfathers.D. Male animals seldom spend time with their grandchildren.7. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do any animals know their grandparents?B. Do any ani

30、mals respect their grandparents?C. How do animals live with their grandparents?D. How do animals socialize with their grandparents?【答案】 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A【解析】這是一篇說明文。對(duì)于地球上的大多數(shù)物種來說，動(dòng)物并不像人類一樣了解它們的祖父母。而大多數(shù)證據(jù)表明，父母教養(yǎng)子女的益處來自哺乳動(dòng)物。而在動(dòng)物界雄性動(dòng)物很少與自己的孩子交往，更不用說孫輩了。【 4 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中 most species spread out

31、 to avoid competingfor resources, so the chance of running into a grandparent is slim. （大多數(shù)物種分散開來是為了避免爭(zhēng)奪資源， 所以與祖父母相遇的幾率很小。 ） 可知根據(jù)Mirkka Lahdenpera 所說的話，我們可以知道動(dòng)物不太可能遇到祖父母。故選A?！?5 題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文They are led by a grandmother, who can live to around80 years old, and are generally made up of her daughter

32、s and their young.（他們由一位能活到 80 歲左右的祖母帶領(lǐng)，通常由她的女兒和她們的孩子組成。 ）可知大象生活在一個(gè)由雌性負(fù)責(zé)的社會(huì)群體中。故選D?！?6 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句 Male animals rarely socialize with their own children, let alone any grandchildren. （雄性動(dòng)物很少與自己的孩子交往，更不用說孫輩了。 ）可知雄性動(dòng)物很少花時(shí)間和他們的孫子孫女在一起。故選D。【 7 題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段Do any animals know their grandparen

33、ts the waypeople do?（有動(dòng)物像人類一樣了解它們的祖父母嗎 ？）以及文章主要內(nèi)容為討論動(dòng) 物界父母、孩子和祖輩的關(guān)系可知A 選項(xiàng)最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CRecognized as the goddess scientist ， Ning Yan （ or Nieng Yan ） ， 42， is a leading biology researcher at Princeton University in the US. On April 30， she was included among100newmembersand 25 foreign associates int

34、o The National Academy of Sciences ， a famous scientific institution that aims to recognize outstanding research in the US.Yan is a rising star in the science world and her resume （履歷） is impressive. After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton ， she was invited to set up her ownlaborator

35、y at Tsinghua in 2020. At age 30， she became one of Chinas youngest-ever female professors.It was a long road to get where she is now. She told People magazine that she always believes that scientists need to have a pure mind and determination.Yan likes to work at night ， because she can focus when

36、the outside is quiet. She also works at least 14 hours a day， but shes energetic ， because research is the most comfortable ” job for her ， according to an interview with People magazine.This devotion to her work probably helped Yan in her research to identify the structures of proteins in cells pla

37、sma membranes， which puzzled scientists for half a century. Her achievements got her listed among thejournal Natures Science Stars of China in 2020.Yan also enjoys TV dramas and classic novels. Surprisingly， the novelJourney to the West inspired her to become a structural biologist. In the book， the

38、 Monkey King turns into other animals. She wondered what it would be like to change herself. Luckily. Yan now lives in that world every dayexploring how proteins work at the level of atoms. “It was almost destined（命中注定的） that I would become a structural biologist， she said in aninterview with Nature

39、.As she realizes her owndreams， Yantries to encourage more womento follow careers （職業(yè)） in science. In her eyes ， there is no difference between men and women in the scientific fields.“Women can work as excellently as men a nd live the way they choose to she said in a public interview.8. What made Ni

40、ng Yan become a member of the National Academy of Sciences ？A. Her social background.B. Her impressive wisdom.C. Her first-class education.D. Her outstanding research.9. Which of the following played a role in Yan becoming a structural biologist ？A. People magazine.B. Journey to the West.C. The jour

41、nal Nature.D. Science Stars of China.10. Ning Yan would probably agree thatA. scientists can win success by working at nightB. women can match men in scientific achievementsC. more women should be allowed to take up scienceD. scientists should enjoy TV dramas and classic novels11. What can we learn

42、from Ning Yans story?A. It is never too late to learn.B. Many hands make light work.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.8. D 9. B 10. B 11. D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了被公認(rèn)為“女神科學(xué)家”寧顏( 或 Nieng Yan), 在 4 月 30, 被列入100年新成員和25個(gè)外國(guó)同事進(jìn)入美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院, 一個(gè)著名的科研機(jī)構(gòu),旨在表彰在美國(guó)有杰出研究成果的人員08

43、題詳解】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中 On April 30, she was included among100newmembers and 25 foreign associates into The National Academy of Sciences, a famous scientific institution that aims to recognize outstanding research in theUS.(4 月 30 日，她成為美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的 100名新成員和 25名外國(guó)同事之一。美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院星) 可知是 Ning Yan 人和女人沒有什么區(qū)別。 ）可知 Nin

44、g Yan 可能會(huì)同意，女性在科學(xué)成就上可以與男杰出的研究成果讓她成為了美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的一員。故選9 題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。inspired her to令人驚訝的是，小說西游記激勵(lì)她成為一名結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)家。激勵(lì)她成為一名結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)家。故選10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句between menructural biologist.B。scientific fields.國(guó)家科學(xué)院的一員。故選D。Surprisingly, the novel Journey to the West(嚴(yán)還喜歡電視劇和經(jīng)典小說0)可知是西游記In her eyes, there is no differe

45、nce(在她看來，在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，男性匹敵。故選B?！?11 題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中 She told People magazine that she always believes that scientists need to have a pure mind and determination. （她在接受人 物 雜志采訪時(shí)表示， 她一直認(rèn)為科學(xué)家需要有一個(gè)純潔的頭腦和決心。 ） 可推知我 們從 Ning Yan 的故事中能了解到世上無難事，只怕有心人。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題方法細(xì)節(jié)理解題屬直接解答性問題，是閱讀理解題中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種，多數(shù)屬中低難度的題。但高考所占的比例大

46、，應(yīng)特別引起注意。事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題的命題特點(diǎn)是：對(duì)文章或某一段落中的一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章重要事實(shí)的理解，一般包括直接理解題和語義轉(zhuǎn)化題。直接理解題能在原文直接找到答案，而語義轉(zhuǎn)化題則需要將題目信息與原文信息加工或整理后才能得出結(jié)論。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題具體方法與步驟如下：1. 略讀材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。經(jīng)常有新技術(shù)對(duì)將來人們工作和生活不良影響的預(yù)測(cè)，但事實(shí)證明結(jié)果并不是那樣，我們有必要否定預(yù)測(cè)，以減少人們的恐懼。2. 按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞。如 for example, first, second等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。3. 將精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上

47、?？焖偻ㄆx，全文掃視，找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)節(jié)句子時(shí)，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。如第一小題，根據(jù)第一段中 On April 30, she was included among100newmembersand 25 foreign associates into The National Academy of Sciences, a famousscientific institution that aims to recognize outstanding research in theUS.（4 月 30 日，她成為美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的 100名新成員和 25名外國(guó)同事之

48、一。美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院是一家旨在表彰美國(guó)杰出研究成果的著名科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)。 ） 可知是 Ning YanD。杰出的研究成果讓她成為了美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的一員。故選DSan Francisco has decided that its city government workers cant use computer programs that recognize faces. It is the first UScity to take such a strong step to keep this technology under control.Whena computer system identif

49、ies a person from their face in a picture ， its called “facial recognition. Many police departments use facial recognition. It can be helpful when police just have a picture of a suspect （嫌疑犯） . but no other information. Normally ， even with facial recognition ， police must have other proof showing

50、that a person is guilty.But many people say facial recognition programs arent good enough yet.The programs can usually recognize white men. But theyre not so good at identifying women and people with darker skin. They worry that false matches-when the computer thinks it has identified a person， but

51、itswrong-will make innocent people look like criminals.For companies like Amazon and Microsoft ， facial recognition is a big business. Amazon has worked hard to sell their facial recognition program to police departments around the US. Microsoft sells tools that allow prisons to watch people inside.

52、To work well ， facial recognition programs must have a great number of pictures of people. But most people whose pictures are in the systems never gave permission （許可） for their pictures to be used.Many people worry that using computers to identify or track people will decrease freedom. Now ， in man

53、y places ， facial recognition is used to keep people under control and muchof public life is watched on security cameras. Similarly ， many cities in America and Europe are also almost completely covered by security cameras. Police officers now often wear cameras on their bodies ， recording all the t

54、ime. Its usually not clear when governments are using facial recognition and how they are using it.Facial recognition is already being used at airports throughout Europe and in the US. The Department of Homeland Security expects to have pictures of 97%of the people flying out of the country in the n

55、ext four years.As these powerful computer programs become more common,San Franciscos move to control facial recognition is an unusual and strong move to limit the way governments use computers to watch and control people.12. Why do people worry about facial recognition programs?A. They cannot multip

56、ly peoples responsibility.B. They cannot help police identify good people.C. They will mistake innocent people for bad people.D. They will identify black people instead of white people.13. How can facial recognition programs function effectively?A. Companies should work with each other.B. People sho

57、uld have more pictures taken.C. They should include as many pictures as possible.D. Police departments and prisons should be under control.14. What makes people feel their freedom is on the decrease?A. There are police everywhere.B. A lot of security cameras are used.C. More people are forced to stay at home.D. Governments focus more on facial recognition.15. Whats San Franciscos attitude towards government workers using facial recognition?A. Disapproving.B. Supporti