感嘆句祈使句和Therebe

1、祈使句考點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥 重點(diǎn)： 1.祈使句的肯定式和否定式 2.祈使句Do型，Be型和let型的用法。 難點(diǎn)： 祈使句肯定式到否定式的變換。 考點(diǎn)： 掌握Do型，Be型和let型引導(dǎo)的祈使句。 祈使句定義1. 定義：用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 2. 祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z(yǔ)）是第二人稱，所以通常都省略。祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為動(dòng)詞原形，句末則使用句號(hào)來(lái)表示結(jié)束。例: Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） Be quiet, please. （Please be quiet. ） （請(qǐng)安靜。請(qǐng)求） Be kind to our sisters. （對(duì)

2、姊妹要和善。勸告） Watch your steps. （走路小心。警告） Look out！Danger！ （小心！危險(xiǎn)！強(qiáng)烈警告，已如感嘆句） Keep off the grass. （勿踏草坪。禁止） No parking. （禁止停車。禁止） 3. 祈使句也常把主語(yǔ)“You”表達(dá)出來(lái), 使對(duì)方聽(tīng)起來(lái)覺(jué)得柔和些，例如： You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯去告訴他。） 祈使句相關(guān)口令 祈使句無(wú)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)you常省去；動(dòng)詞原形謂語(yǔ)當(dāng)，句首加don't否定變；朗讀應(yīng)當(dāng)用降調(diào)，句末常標(biāo)感嘆號(hào)。 祈使句表現(xiàn)形式 肯定結(jié)構(gòu): 1. Do型(即:動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語(yǔ))

3、+其它成分)。如：Please have a seat here. 請(qǐng)這邊坐。 有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下，動(dòng)詞可省略。如：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 請(qǐng)這邊走。 2. Be型(即：Be + 表語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如：Be a good boy! 要做一個(gè)好孩子! 3. Let型(即：Let + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分)。如：Let me help you. 讓我來(lái)幫你。 否定結(jié)構(gòu): 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't構(gòu)成。如：Don't forget me! 不要忘記我! Don&#

4、39;t be late for school! 上學(xué)不要遲到! 2. Let型的否定式有兩種：“Don't + let + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 賓語(yǔ) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分”。如：Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。 3. 有些可用no開(kāi)頭，用來(lái)表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚(yú)! “l(fā)et”引導(dǎo)的祈使句 由“l(fā)et”帶頭的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是個(gè)常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞句型，它的主要用法有下列三種: 1. 表示“

5、建議”。 這個(gè)句型里的“l(fā)et”后頭緊跟著一個(gè)第一人稱的代詞賓語(yǔ), 如： Let me try. Let's do it. Let me go and look for it. 這個(gè)句型語(yǔ)氣委婉，比直接的祈使句客氣。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子。 A. Don't disturb him. B. Let's not disturb him. (A)是直接命令, 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈, 不如(B)溫柔悅耳。 2. 表示“間接命令”或“愿望”。 這句型里的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱名詞或代詞，如： Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. L

6、et her join our choir. 3. 表示“警告”、“蔑視”、“威脅”等。 這種祈使句里的賓語(yǔ)也是第三人稱為主。除了口氣兇悍之外，有時(shí)還語(yǔ)帶諷刺。如： Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time. 4. 用“l(fā)et”的祈使句時(shí)，必須注意下列幾點(diǎn)： 1）“l(fā)et” 的否定句有兩種。如果賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱用“Don't let. . . ”（見(jiàn)例A）；

7、如果賓語(yǔ)是第一人稱，則用“Let. . . not” （見(jiàn)例B）：A. Don't let this type of things happen again. B. It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. 2)“Let”只適用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the passive voice)，如： Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 3)

8、“Let”后頭除了是不帶“to”的不定式動(dòng)詞 (The infinitive without"to")之外，還可以是某些適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，如out, in, down, alone等: Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in. The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please. 4) 用“Let's”時(shí)，把談話者的對(duì)象包括在內(nèi)；用“Let us”時(shí)，并不包括對(duì)方，如： A. Let's try it, s

9、hall we? B. Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 從A里的“shall we”和B里的“will you”，不難知道前者包括聽(tīng)話人，后者并沒(méi)有。祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議等等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原形。句子中通常不用主語(yǔ)，句末用驚嘆號(hào)或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)。 含有第二人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句 Be careful！小心！ Don't make such a noise. 不要這么吵。 1. 肯定的祈使句 A. 句型：動(dòng)詞原形. （省略主語(yǔ)） Stand up. 起立。 Be quiet, please. 請(qǐng)安靜。 B. 有時(shí)，為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可以在動(dòng)詞之前加d

10、o Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。 Do study hard. 一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)。 C. 比較祈使句和陳述句：You eat an apples every day.你每天吃一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。（陳述句）Eat apples. （你）吃蘋(píng)果（祈使句）（省略主語(yǔ)you） D. 用客氣的語(yǔ)氣表示祈使句時(shí), 可在句首或句尾加上please, 但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”。 Go this way, please.請(qǐng)這邊走。 e. 祈使句中如果有“呼”語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)“,”隔開(kāi)，放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming, come here. 李明，過(guò)來(lái)。 Come he

11、re, Li Ming. 過(guò)來(lái)，李明。 2. 否定的祈使句 句型：Don't +動(dòng)詞原形 Don't swim in the river. 別在河里游泳。 Don't be late. 別遲到。 Please don't be noisy. 請(qǐng)不要大聲喧嘩。 注意：表示禁止時(shí)，尤其是標(biāo)語(yǔ)等也可用“No+名詞動(dòng)名詞”來(lái)表示。 No smoking! 禁止吸煙！ No parking! 禁止停車！ No entry! 不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)！ No litter! 不準(zhǔn)亂扔雜物！ 真題在線I) 填空。1. Please wait for me. _walk so fast. 2.

12、 _quiet, please. 3. _ sit straight. 4. _ go shopping now. 5. _spitting. 6. _ talking; class begins. 7. _ a good time!8. _ talk to your mum like that!II) 寫(xiě)出下列祈使句的反義疑問(wèn)句。1. Let's go, _? 2. Don't make such noise, _?3. Teacher, let us go out to play, _? 4. Let's go together, _?5. Let each man

13、 decide for himself, _? 6. Let us go together, _?7. Come and join us, _?8. Don't fight with others, _?III) 將下列句子變成祈使句。1. Would you like to wait a moment?_ _ a moment. 2. Can I use your bike?Please _ _ your bike. 3. You'd better not smoke here. _ _ here. 4. You must be careful with your handw

14、riting. _ _ with your handwriting. 5. Will you please not play with my pencil? _ _ with my pencil, _. IV） 選擇題。1. Please _; they're having a meeting. A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustn't talk D. no speaking2. _ to meet me at the station. I'll be waiting there. A. Not to forget B. Not

15、 forget C. Forget not D. Don't forget 3. It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, _?A. won't we B. will you C. don't we D. shall we4. Don't smoke in the meeting-room, _?A. do you B. will you C. would you D. could you5. Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I _. A

16、. don't B. won't C. can't D. haven't6. _ down the radio. The baby's asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn7. Lucy, _ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing8. _ and play football in the street after lunch. A. Let&#

17、39;s not to go B. Let's not go C. Let's don't go D. Not let's go9. A sign with the words"_" is often found in a bus. A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking10. _ Chinese in you English class. A. Not speak B. Don't speak C. Speak not D. Don't speaki

18、ngV）翻譯下列各句。1. 咱們一起玩吧! _2. 請(qǐng)不要遲到!_3. 回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題!_4. 別那么寫(xiě)!_5. 告訴我你的名字! _6. 一定要勇敢! _7. 來(lái)加入我們吧!_8. 別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間!_9. 我們周日去游泳吧!_10. 禁止吸煙!_感嘆句考點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥 重點(diǎn)：1. how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2. what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)難點(diǎn)：能夠區(qū)分由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句和what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句?？键c(diǎn)：掌握以what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的變換形式。 感嘆句定義 感嘆句一般是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語(yǔ)感嘆句常用“what”和“how”引導(dǎo)，“what"和“how”與所修飾的詞置

19、于句首，其它部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 由“What”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句由“what”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：“what”意為“多么”用作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是：what+(a/an)+adj. + n. +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they

20、are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么美味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 由“how”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句“how”意為“多么”，用作狀語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用行為動(dòng)詞，這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是: How+ adj.（adv.）+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ). 如：How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的圖畫(huà)呀！ How happy they look! 他們顯

21、得多么高興呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他們干得多么起勁呀！ 在表示同一意義時(shí)，英語(yǔ)感嘆既可用“what”引導(dǎo)，也可用“how”引導(dǎo)。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is!/How hot a day it is! 多么熱的天氣呀！ What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的樓房呀！ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather

22、is! 多么糟糕的天氣呀！ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的陽(yáng)光呀！ 感嘆句在表示強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，口語(yǔ)中常常采用省略句，其后面的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)往往略去不講。如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的一天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么紅的蘋(píng)果呀！ How cool! 好涼快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩極了！真題在線I）將下列句子變成感嘆句。1. It is quite a nice present. _ _ nice p

23、resent!2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today!3. It's sunny today. _ _ sunny day it is today!4. The children are working hard. _ _ the children are working!5. She played basketball wonderfully. _ _ she played basketball!6. He is good at singing. _ _ he sings!7. He was doing wel

24、l in dancing. _ a _ dancer he was!8. Tom coughs badly. _ _ _ cough Tom has!9. The fish is very lovely. _ _ the fish is!10. They live a happy life today. _ _ _ life they live!11. Wu Peng jumps high!_ high Wu Peng jumps！12. It's an interesting film. _ an interesting film it is！13. The sun is brigh

25、t. _ bright the sun is! 14. The book is very interesting. _ interesting the book is!15. He writes English well. _ well he writes English！16. It's a tall tree. _ a tall tree it is!17. He is a fat man. _ a fat man he is!II）選擇題。1. _ nice watch it is! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a2. _ bright girls

26、they are! A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. how a3. _ interesting the film is!A. WhatB. What anC. HowD. How an4. _ sunny day! Let's go out for a walk. A. How aB. HowC. What aD. What5. _ hard work it is! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an6. _ day it is! It's rainy again. A. How badB. What a badC. How fi

27、neD. What a fine7. _ great day July 1th, 1997 will be! A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What8. _ expensive trousers!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. What an9. _ girl she is! A. What bright aB. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright10. _ weather we have today! A. A fineB. What a fineC. How a fineD. What fine11

28、. _ careless he is!A. WhatB. HowC. So muchD. How much12. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it isB. What a long way is it C. How long way is itD. What a long way it is13. Oh, John, _ you gave us!A.how a pleasant surpriseB.how pleasant surprise C.what a pleasant surpriseD.what pleasant surpris

29、e14. _ useful work they have done!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an15. _ nice picture you gave me!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an16. _beautiful flowers they are！A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a17. _terrible weather it is！A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a18. _the moon cakes are！A. How deliciousB. How a de

30、liciousC. What deliciousD. What a delicious19. _thick ice! Would you like to go skating？A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a20. -_beautiful day it is! Let's go and have a picnic in the park. -Good idea!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a21. -Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition. -_pleasa

31、nt surprise this gave her classmates!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a22. -_ great man Huang Furong is! -He lost his life while saving the students in the Yushu earthquake. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 23. _exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an24. _wide the s

32、treets are!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a25. - _ beautiful city!-Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year. A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a26. _ good job she does! She is really a clever girl. A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a27. -_interesting talk Mr. Black gave us!-Yes. We all like it very muc

33、h. A. HowB. What aC. What anD. How an28. _meeting it is!A. What a importantB. What important C. How an importantD. What an important29. - I've just got a postcard from my pen friend. - Let me have a look . Wow. _ nice card! A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. Why30. -_kind girl Nancy is!-Yes, she is always

34、 ready to help others. A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a31. -Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful?-Yes. _ wonderful film it is!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a32. -_ wonderful dictionary it is! Thank you for buying me such a useful present. - I'm glad you like it. A. What aB. WhatC. How aD. How3

35、3. -_ hard work you have done!-It's very kind of you to say so. A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a34. _happily the children are flying kites!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a35. _a clever boy he is ! A. WhatB. HowC. What'sD. How'sThere be句型與have(has)考點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥 重點(diǎn)： 1. There be句型的肯定式和否定式。2. There be句

36、型一般疑問(wèn)句以及特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成。3. There be句型的就近原則。4. There be句型和have(has)的區(qū)別。 難點(diǎn)： 1.There be句型中肯定句變否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)some變any的用法。2. There be句型中的就近原則?？键c(diǎn)：1.掌握There be句型中肯定句變否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)some變any的用法。2.掌握There be句型中的就近原則。3.區(qū)分There be句型和have(has)的用法。 There be句型1. 表示:在某地有某物或某人。2. 在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，be 動(dòng)詞用is；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are

37、；如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最接近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。There is a book on the desk. There is some water in the glass. There are three men under the tree . There is a bag, two books and three pens on the desk. 3. there be句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。There is a duck in the river. 否定句：There is not a duck in the river. 一般疑問(wèn)

38、句：Is there a duck in the river?4. some和any在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。5. and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。6. 針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？7. 針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：What's +Who's there+介詞短語(yǔ)？II 就近原則 當(dāng)there be 句型的主

39、語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要離它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。第一個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)就用there is, 第一個(gè)名詞是復(fù)數(shù)就用there are。如：There is a teacher and some students in our classroom. 我們教室里有一位老師和一些學(xué)生。There are some students and a teacher in our classroom.我們教室里有一些學(xué)生和一位老師。 There be句型與have, has區(qū)別 There be句型表示“某處有某物或某人”如：There is a bag on the chair. Have（ha

40、s)表示“某人或某物擁有什么東西”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“所屬關(guān)系”，而且某人某物作句子的主語(yǔ)。如：I have a daughter. She has a lucky dog.真題在線I）用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1. There _ a lot of sweets in the box. 2. There _ some milk in the glass. 3. There _ some people under the big tree. 4. There _ a picture and a map on the wall. 5. There _ a box of rubbers near the bo

41、oks. 6. There _ lots of flowers in our garden last year. 7. There _ a plate of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 8. There _ four cups of coffee on the table. II）用 have或has填空。1. I _ a nice picture. 2. He _ a good friend. 3. They _ some kites. 4. We _ some flowers. 5. She _ a duck. 6. My father _ a

42、 new bike. 7. Her mother _ a vase. 8. Our teacher _ an English book. 9. Our teachers _ a basketball. 10. Their parents _ some story books. 11. Nancy _ many skirts. 12. David _ some jackets. 13. My friends _ a football. 14. What do you _ ?15. What does Mike _ ?16. What do your friends _ ?17. What doe

43、s Helen _ ?18. His brother _ a basketball. 19. Her sister _ a nice doll. 20. Miss Li _ an English book. III）用“have, has”、“there is, there are”或者“is there, are there”填空。1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _ a book on the desk. 3. He _ a tape-recorder. 4. _ a basketball on the playground. 5. She _ some dresses. 6. They _ a nice garden. 7. What do you _? 8. _ a reading-room in the building? 9. What does Mik