畢業(yè)論文-棉鈴蟲不同日齡飛行能力測定

1、+海 南 大 學(xué)畢 業(yè) 論 文（設(shè)計(jì)）題 目： 棉鈴蟲不同日齡飛行能力測定 學(xué) 號： 姓 名： 年 級： 2011級 學(xué) 院： 應(yīng)用科技學(xué)院（儋州校區(qū)） 學(xué) 部： 農(nóng)藝部 專 業(yè)：植物保護(hù)（農(nóng)藥與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全方向）指導(dǎo)教師： 完成日期： XX 年 XX 月 XX 日 9摘 要利用佳多飛行模擬器在室內(nèi)模仿棉鈴蟲的田間飛行機(jī)制對它的飛行的數(shù)據(jù)用計(jì)算機(jī)記錄。包括最快飛行速度，最慢飛行速度，平均飛行速度及飛行距離總和等試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的記錄。通過對試驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄及應(yīng)用spss數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件對此次試驗(yàn)得到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，找出試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)不同性別，不同日齡之間的平均飛行速率，它們間的差異顯著性。通過對得到的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果對未來

2、海南地區(qū)出現(xiàn)相關(guān)危害做出提前的防控措施，把棉鈴蟲危害當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)生活之前扼殺在萌芽中。關(guān)鍵詞：棉鈴蟲；佳多飛行模擬器；spss數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件；危害預(yù)測預(yù)報AbstractUsing computer to record data field flight mechanism of imitating cotton bollworm in indoor use better flight simulator on its flight. Including the fastest speed of flight, the slow speed of flight, the average fli

3、ght velocity and flight distance sum test data recording etc. For processing the test data obtained by recording and application of SPSS data processing software to test data, find out the experimental data of different gender, average flight rate between different day age, significant differences b

4、etween them. Based on the data obtained from the results of the future Hainan area related hazards prevention and control measures to make early, before the bollworm agricultural production and living of local nipped in the bud.Key words: Helicoverpa armigera; better than flight simulator; SPSS data

5、 processing software; hazard prediction目 錄摘 要IABSTRACTII2.2.1 棉鈴蟲飼料配制11前言12材料與方法22.1材料22.1.1供試藥劑22.1.2菌株22.1.3試驗(yàn)器材62.2方法62.2.1 PDA培養(yǎng)基的制備62.2.2供試藥劑的配制62.2.3芒果炭疽病菌對噻菌靈的敏感性測定63結(jié)果與分析73.1芒果炭疽病菌對噻菌靈的敏感性基線確定73.2芒果炭疽病菌對噻菌靈的敏感性83.3不同地區(qū)的芒果炭疽病菌對噻菌靈的敏感性測定113.4不同采集部位的芒果炭疽病菌對噻菌靈的敏感性測定124結(jié)論與討論13致謝15參考文獻(xiàn)161前言棉鈴蟲hel

6、icoverpa armigera (Hubner)是我國目前最重要的農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲之一,俗稱桃蟲、青蟲等，屬鱗翅目夜蛾科。在海南棉鈴蟲主要危害番茄、茄子、白菜、青瓜等多種蔬菜。它的幼蟲非常喜食青果、蛀果是造成減產(chǎn)的主要原因。一頭幼蟲可以危害35個果實(shí)，最多的可危害78個果實(shí)。成蟲吸食蔬菜的花蜜補(bǔ)充營養(yǎng)，接近老齡的時候喜歡取食成熟果實(shí)和嫩葉1。它主要是棉花和煙草的重要害蟲，常造成幼蕾脫落、爛鈴等，嚴(yán)重影響棉花的質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量2。根據(jù)鄭祖強(qiáng)等3對棉鈴蟲的飛行能力和兼性遷飛的初步研究，結(jié)果顯示適合于棉鈴蟲的產(chǎn)卵最適溫度是室溫28左右。楊益眾等4關(guān)于飼養(yǎng)棉鈴蟲的幾點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)體會論文，做出了前期大量用蓖麻葉喂養(yǎng)棉鈴

7、蟲但隨著飼養(yǎng)蟲源太多最后采用了配置人工飼料喂養(yǎng)的決定來進(jìn)行本次試驗(yàn)。范賢林等5的棉鈴蟲室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，為試驗(yàn)飼養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)蟲源提供了理論依據(jù)。再參考了南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)高月波博士對空中蟲群飛行行為機(jī)制研究6得知室內(nèi)模擬飛行的條件機(jī)制，奠定了本此次實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用的佳多飛行模擬器的試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。為了更好的達(dá)到控制棉鈴蟲的田間傳播，我總共做了關(guān)于棉鈴蟲的雌雄五個日齡的飛行試驗(yàn)。而吳孔明等7關(guān)于棉鈴蟲的飛行能力結(jié)果顯示棉鈴蟲的個體日活動的兩個高峰期是20:0021:00和 3:005:00，這作為了此次試驗(yàn)成功的數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。棉鈴蟲在我們的生產(chǎn)具有嚴(yán)重的危害，本研究通過測定棉鈴蟲的飛行能力，了解其飛行規(guī)律，為防止棉鈴蟲的擴(kuò)

8、散提供參考依據(jù)。2材料與方法2.1材料2.1.1供試藥劑99%乙醚（分析純）2.1.2蟲源由中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院環(huán)境與植物保護(hù)研究所熱帶果樹病害課題組提供。2.1.3試驗(yàn)器材佳多飛行模擬器、502膠水、電子天平BSAZ201-CW（0.1g）、刀片。2.2方法2.2.1 棉鈴蟲飼料配制黃豆粉172g/L，麥麩14.4g/L,酵母浸膏68g/L,蔗糖21.2g/L,菜籽油2滴/L,維生素C片40粒/L82.2.2棉鈴蟲周期成蟲的飼養(yǎng)先把配對好的成蟲放進(jìn)飼養(yǎng)籠里，用培養(yǎng)皿盛裝好蜂蜜潤濕的濾紙，在濾紙上家加上棉花保持潤濕時間供配對的成蟲食用，再在飼養(yǎng)籠里放入紗布提供產(chǎn)卵。等幼蟲孵化的時候再用小飼養(yǎng)盒挑

9、取幼蟲放入飼料喂養(yǎng)直至化蛹，把蛹取到單獨(dú)的盒子里記錄好時間。等化蛹為成蟲的時候記錄日齡用來做飛行試驗(yàn)，完成它的周期成蟲飼養(yǎng)。2.2.3棉鈴蟲的黏接和懸吊用小棉團(tuán)沾少許無水乙醚堵住小試管口，待棉鈴蟲成蟲被麻醉13秒后倒出。把飛行磨得吊臂取下，在末端用5002膠水粘上一張小紙片，又用紙片粘上502膠水，再刮去成蟲前胸背板的絨毛，用小紙片黏住。（注意不能用502膠水粘到棉鈴蟲的翅膀影響飛行能力）放置約一分鐘后，待棉鈴蟲完全蘇醒，將吊臂安放在磨上看其能否完全的振翅飛翔。啟動測試的計(jì)算機(jī)程序開始測試9。2.3數(shù)據(jù)處理根據(jù)得到的數(shù)據(jù)處理出雌雄不同日齡間最快的平均飛行速率，做出柱狀圖。測定每個日齡間的差異顯

10、著性分析。得出它們間差異顯著性的分析表。3結(jié)果與分析3.1雌雄不同日齡最快平均飛行速率3.1.1棉鈴蟲雌蟲15日齡平均飛行速率根據(jù)結(jié)果（如表一）顯示，棉鈴蟲雌蟲15日齡平均飛行速率最快的為一日齡，中間三日齡飛行能力較其它幾個日齡的差異大。根據(jù)這樣的結(jié)果分析看出，剛變成蟲的棉鈴蟲精力旺盛飛行能力強(qiáng)，中間三日齡突然變?nèi)趿丝赡苁秋w行過程中出現(xiàn)了捕食所以中途停止了休息，減緩了它的飛行及活動能力。再四五日齡飛行能力變強(qiáng)可推斷為三日齡間的飛行減弱可能是中間補(bǔ)充身體的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)為后期的繁殖后代加強(qiáng)飛行傳播能力做準(zhǔn)備 3.1.2棉鈴蟲雄蟲15日齡平均飛行速率根據(jù)結(jié)果（如表二）顯示，棉鈴蟲雄蟲15日齡平均飛行速率

11、最快的也為一日齡，但最弱的變?yōu)榱怂娜正g。這樣的結(jié)果分析得出雌蟲三日齡補(bǔ)充了食物，雄蟲四日齡與其完成了交配使命之后減緩了它的飛行能力。這樣的兩個結(jié)果同時說明了對于海南棉鈴蟲的傳播及預(yù)防都要在一日齡的時候采取預(yù)防傳播的手段控制其飛行到更遠(yuǎn)的地方進(jìn)行危害。要在三四日齡雌雄進(jìn)行交配的過程中采取物理、化學(xué)、生物防治等一系列手段來預(yù)防棉鈴蟲后代的傳播及危害。雄蟲3.2 飛行磨測定不同日齡棉鈴蟲雌、雄蟲的飛行各參數(shù)的差異顯著性分析3.2.1棉鈴蟲雌蟲15日齡各飛行參數(shù)間的差異顯著性分析 根據(jù)結(jié)果顯示，棉鈴蟲雌蟲的起飛次數(shù)、總飛行距離、總飛行時間、平均飛行速度、一次最長飛行距離如表三：起飛次數(shù)最大為三日齡11

12、2.00次，這也證明了表一的結(jié)果三日齡要取食，所以雌蟲的起飛次數(shù)最高。總飛行距離最大的為二日齡2.38km，跟表一棉鈴蟲一二日齡平均飛速率最快也一致?？傦w行時間也是二日齡為3.45h，也同總飛行距離的一樣。平均飛行速度最快為四日齡和一次最長飛行距離也為四日齡分別為0.65 km·h-1和1.26m，這結(jié)果與表一一樣證實(shí)了四五日齡雌棉鈴蟲要進(jìn)行后代的傳播因此它要加快飛行的速度和一次最長的飛行距離這樣來保證后代的傳播。日齡起飛次數(shù)總飛行距離（km）總飛行時間（h）平均飛行速度（km·h-1）一次最長飛行距離（m）198.33±55.010.81±0.161.

13、82±1.030.61±0.440.14±0.12296.00±35.762.38±2.073.45±2.490.64±0.110.43±0.223112.00±14.931.22±0.472.16±0.690.56±0.060.43±0.46464.33±36.661.62±0.932.40±0.880.65±0.151.26±0.77549.67±12.501.47±1.072.23±

14、;0,950.61±0.211.02±1.013.2.2棉鈴蟲雄蟲15日齡各飛行參數(shù)間的差異顯著性分析根據(jù)結(jié)果顯示，棉鈴蟲雄蟲的起飛次數(shù)、總飛行距離、總飛行時間、平均飛行速度、一次最長飛行距離如表四：起飛次數(shù)最大為二日齡439.33次，總飛行距離最大為五日齡5.55km，總飛行時間最大為一日齡1.94h，平均飛行速度最快為五日齡0.81 km·h-1，一次最長飛行距離為五日齡1.29m。這些結(jié)果都顯示了棉鈴蟲的飛行能力是非常強(qiáng)的所以對于它的預(yù)防我們要重視，要在它沒有造成對我們的生產(chǎn)和生活影響的時候把它的危害扼殺在萌芽的階段。日齡起飛次數(shù)總飛行距離（km）總飛行時間

15、（h）平均飛行速度（km·h-1）一次最長飛行距離（m）1110.33±133.980.92±0.331.94±0.110.48±0.060.47±0.112439.33±643.425.37±3.021.27±0.970.73±0.141.27±0.973403.67±458.773.71±2.191.17±0.440.53±0.011.17±0。45465.67±79.011.36±1.160.53±0

16、150.63±0.260.53±0.155213.33±167.225.55±4.581.29±1.430.81±0.181.29±1.444結(jié)論與討論對不同日齡的棉鈴蟲飛行能力的測定，根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)可以知道棉鈴蟲不論雌蟲還是雄蟲都是1日齡的時候飛行能力最強(qiáng)，因此防治棉鈴蟲的最適宜時間應(yīng)該在它剛變成蟲最活躍的時候進(jìn)行。要控制它們后代的傳播我們應(yīng)在四五日齡的時候采取相應(yīng)的防治手段。棉鈴蟲是一種飛行能力十分強(qiáng)的農(nóng)作物害蟲之一，不同性別的棉鈴蟲飛行能力又各部相同。雌雄蟲都是在剛孵化為成蟲的一二日齡飛行能力最旺盛，但雌蟲三日齡要降低其飛行

17、來取食為后代的傳播做準(zhǔn)備，雄蟲四日齡因?yàn)榻慌浠顒佑钟绊懥怂娘w行能力。我們可以利用這兩個關(guān)鍵的日齡對棉鈴蟲的傳播進(jìn)行防治。盡管此次試驗(yàn)是在室內(nèi)環(huán)境條件下進(jìn)行的，會受到室內(nèi)的溫度，濕度及佳多飛行模擬器等一系列的試驗(yàn)條件影響。但試驗(yàn)結(jié)果對其的飛行能力，傳播后代的推測都是有很大的利用價值的。致謝歷經(jīng)四個月，畢業(yè)論文從開題到論文撰寫基本完成。這一刻，曾經(jīng)期待了很多遍，但是如今留下的卻是對曾經(jīng)那段起早摸黑試驗(yàn)時光的懷念。畢業(yè)論文能順利完成，離不開老師的指導(dǎo)和同學(xué)的幫助。僅以此文表達(dá)我對他們最真摯的謝意。參考文獻(xiàn)1朱劍,李保平,孟玲. 氣候變暖對我國棉鈴蟲適生分布區(qū)的模擬預(yù)測J. 生態(tài)學(xué)雜志,2011,0

18、7:1382-1387.2柏立新,束春娥,郭志剛,何金龍. 抗棉鈴蟲棉花新品系的室內(nèi)和田間抗蟲性鑒定與綜合評估J. 江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2001,06:26-29.3鄭祖強(qiáng),張孝羲,謝俊英,密秀云. 棉鈴蟲飛行能力和兼性遷飛的初步研究J. 應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報,2000,04:603-608.4楊益眾,戴志一,黃東林,王春安,王慶林. 棉鈴蟲飼養(yǎng)中的幾點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)體會J. 昆蟲知識,1997,06:351-352.5范賢林,盧美光,孟香清,芮昌輝. 棉鈴蟲室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)J. 昆蟲知識,2003,01:85-87.6高月波. 空中蟲群飛行行為機(jī)制研究D.南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2011.7劉中芳,吳孔明. 取食不同食物對

19、日本通草蛉生長發(fā)育、繁殖和飛行能力的影響J. 中國生物防治學(xué)報,2012,01:15-19.8李春霞,王國夫,王殿君,謝榮生. 模糊線性規(guī)劃在家禽飼料合理配置上的應(yīng)用研究J. 黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)學(xué)報,2002,02:103-107.9黃露,楊德松,李保平,孟玲. 斑痣懸繭蜂的飛行能力和野外擴(kuò)散行為J. 生態(tài)學(xué)雜志,2011,07:1327-1331.您好，為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料，請您刪除以下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！A national survey was recently launched to evaluate&#

20、160;the eye health of Chinese children andteenagers.On June 6, China's annual National Day for Eye Care, the China Youth Development ServiceCenter and Zhejiang Medicine, a 

21、;leading listed Chinese pharmaceutical company, jointlyannounced the kickoff of the survey.In about one month, a questionnaire compiled by top eye care medical experts in China

22、0;willbe distributed through multiple online partners, including H, as well asthrough offline survey events held in universities, middle schools and primary schools acrossthe country.A&

23、#160;report will be released based on the survey statistics and analysis, and most importantly,guidelines for parents and youth on how to care for the eyes and prevent

24、60;myopia  agrowing problem in China's digitized society, will also be attached on the report."Myopia is not only a disease that makes people see things blurrily,

25、0;but also leads to severecomplications, such as glaucoma (increased pressure within the eyeball), and can causeblindness," said Zhou Yuehua, an established eye care specialist

26、0;with Beijing TongrenHospital."It is very important for parents and children to know about the risk and care for their eyes."There are about 450 million myopia pati

27、ents in China. Among Chinese myopia patients,30million are severe patients, according to ZhouThe prevalence of myopia among high school and college students is more than 70

28、60;percent,and the situation is continuously worsening, he added.Sun Zhu, director with the China Youth Development Service Center, said long hours ofstudy, lack of exercise, espec

29、ially outdoor activities, and attachment to electronic screen aresome of the top reasons behind the widespread myopia problems, and the increase ofyounger patients, although China&

30、#160;has made great progress in improving the hardwarefacilities and lighting conditions in schools.He said he hopes the survey will alert people on the threatening situation, 

31、;and also helpmedical experts to better guideline parents and children's behaviors to care for eyes, basedon the timely and factual statistics the survey collected.A series

32、0;of follow-up events will also be held in six cities, including Jinan in Shandongprovince, and Changsha in Hunan province, to educate people on how to care for eyes

33、 afterthe survey started. More and more Chinese are jogging to get and stay fit. Most joggers will run alone, but some will jog with friends or even coaches. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is one of the most popular spots. It is packed with runners in the afternoon, usually after wor

34、k, and at weekends. Jogging after a whole day's work can be a way to unwind. It is true for He Wenjun, whose workplace is right near the forest park. She discovered her athletic aptitude at the age of seven, when she began playing tennis. Then she turned to jogging, and she has persevered with i

35、t for 10 years. "I come to jog almost every day after work, whenever I have time. I think jogging is good for my health. And for me, a girl, it helps me to achieve to eternal goal, to keep slim," He said. He says she prefers jogging alone, so she can focus better. She loves jogging, even d

36、uring Beijing's smoggy days. "If the smog is severe, I'll hold off jogging for a while. But if I really want to get away from work, I'll wear a mask, or just ignore the smog and go on jogging," she said. For those who are not so athletic, jogging also has its attractions. Wu Ho

37、ubin started roughly two years ago, when he was severely obese. Within two months, his weight dropped from 82 kilograms to 64 kilograms. The success helped him recover health, and he has made friends. "Jogging does not require speed, but stamina. If you want to stick to the game, you need to ta

38、ke it as a mission, a habit, and then eventually a hobby," Wu said. But persevering with jogging is not always easy. Jogging is beneficial for heart-lung function, and the skeletal system, but doctors say improper technique damages the joints, especially the knees and ankles. "Excessive jo

39、gging wears down the body, and harms one's health. Poor technique harms the muscles and skeleton, and can cause secondary injures. And, jogging in a bad environment can cause circulation problems," said Lu Zhiyong, attending doctor, Sports Hospital, General Admin. of Sports.Dr. Lu has some

40、tips for joggers, and those who are thinking of taking it up.He says people should first evaluate their physical condition, to decide the amount and type of exercise, and jogging in the open air is better running on a treadmill. Conrad Macao will run special programs for the entire month of October

41、this year to support the Hong Kong Cancer Fund's Pink Revolution, an annual campaign that seeks to raise awareness and funds for breast cancer research, the hotel recently announced. A major sponsor of the campaign for three years in a row, Conrad Macao has pledged to donate a portion of its pro

42、ceeds to the fund, including those collected from selling its popular bear and rubber duck merchandise, in limited pink editions. Pink is the theme for floral arrangements and decorations in the hotel in October. In addition, on Fridays that month, members of the management and staff will add someth

43、ing pink to their uniforms, regular e-mails and handwritten guest cards. "Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women in Hong Kong and is also of significant concern in Macao and around the world, regardless of age," general manager Bede Barry said in a statement. The ho

44、tel has enlisted the support of a number of international and local celebrities to help drive the cause, including South Korean actor Jung Suk Won. This year, a lucky guest who stays at the hotel during the campaign and also donates money for the cause will win a necklace specially designed by Arte

45、Madrid, a Spanish jewelry brand. Women should strive to balance quality of work and life, and have children at a young age. As a doctor I see much suffering because of this imbalance. Xiao Ying, 36, works for a large law firm. Her job means lots of travel, a heavy caseload and a large number of meet

46、ings, so her schedule is hectic. She has been pregnant twice, but had abortions on both occasions because she felt her busy, high-pressure career wasn't conducive to raising a child. She planned to have children once she had achieved career success so she could provide a stable environment for h

47、er baby. After 10 years, Xiao felt the time was right, and she tried to conceive for about six months, but was unable to become pregnant. I conducted comprehensive physical checkups. The results suggested that Xiao's ovarian function has declined and a bilateral oviduct blockage has occurred, me

48、aning that in vitro fertilization is her only option. So, after reducing her workload, Xiao underwent IVF treatment. Luckily, she got pregnant after just one treatment cycle, but later experienced vaginal bleeding, and rushed to the hospital. I told her to rest and carry on with the treatment (to pr

49、event a miscarriage). As Zubin Zarthoshtimanesh, a yoga guru, demonstrated postures at a high school stadium in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan province, some 200 students sat on colorful mats watching him closely. It was part of the first India-China international yoga festival in the provincial capital,

50、Chengdu, in Southwest China, where more than 1,000 fans from home and abroad gathered for lessons from 20 leading practitioners of the ancient Indian regimen, from June 17-21. Yoga is to India what perhaps tai chi is to China. Many countries other than India and China, also held the first World Yoga

51、 Day on June 21, after the United Nations last year agreed to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's suggestion that a special day be marked in the year for the global practice of the stress-busting regimen, which is already a multibillion dollar industry in the United States. Modi said in the sp

52、eech: "Yoga is an invaluable gift of India's ancient tradition. . It is not about exercise but to discover the sense of oneness with yourself, the world and nature."Zarthoshtimanesh, who runs his own yoga center, Iyengar Yogabhyasa, in the Indian financial capital of Mumbai, says: &quo

53、t;Chinese students are very respectful. For me, all students are the same no matter what their race is and where they come from. The most important thing is to remove mental walls." Zarthoshtimanesh learned yoga from the late Yogacharya Iyengar and traveled with the master to different countrie

54、s. Consulate General of India in southern China's Guangzhou city organized the Chengdu festival. A terrifying wooden bridge in China has just been replaced by a glass one. This, the worlds longest glass-bottomed walkway, is located in Shiniuzhai Geopark in Hunan, and spans 300m (984f) and is 180

55、m (590f) above ground. The floor is made of double-layered glass that is 24mm (0.94in), and is reportedly 25 times stronger than regular window glass. The bridge had previously been made of wood, linking the two peaks of Stone Buddha Mountain, but 11 engineers working 12 hours a day converted it to

56、glass. Previously, you were considered brave if you steeled yourself to cross the wooden walkway; now, with its glass bottom, the bridge is already being referred to as “hero bridge.” The popular chain's longtime executive chef embraces mapo tofu and other exotic elements for the burger-driven m

57、enu, Liu Zhihua reports.At the age of 37, Shanghai native Lin Zhengu has become a star as a Western cuisine chef in the Chinese metropolis, a city that has a wealth of Western restaurants. The executive chef of Blue Frog Bar and Grill, a popular burger-based restaurant and bar chain on the Chinese m

58、ainland, Lin is the soul of the restaurant franchise's team of more than 550 chefs. Many of the franchise's most popular dishes are his brainchild. Lin says his secret of success is innovation rooted in experience: He spends months every year traveling and eating worldwide, seeking new ingredients and inspirations that could improve the offerings of Blue Frog restaurants. The restaurant chain regularly launches a new seasonal menu, usually featuring eight new dishes with fresh ingredients. The best-sell