so和such用法小結(jié)

1、so和such用法小結(jié) 一,so的常見用法1.當so作副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞時,表示程度,意為這么,那么.如:Don t be so silly.別那么傻.He ran so fast.他跑得那么快.2.如果so后無形容詞,則so不能與名詞連用.如:I ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child).我從未見過個兒那么高的小孩.切不可以說He is so a child.但是,so little,so much可與不可數(shù)名詞連用,so few,so many可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用如:Tom ate so much food a meal.湯姆一餐吃

2、了那么多的食物.There re so few people in the hall.大廳里的人很少.3.Sothat 意為如此以至于,是一個常見句型,也是中考?？嫉木湫?如:Jane s leg was so painful that she couldn t move at all.簡的腿那么疼,以至于根本動不了.該句型還可以轉(zhuǎn)換成So + adj.+ a/an+名詞結(jié)構(gòu).如:Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.麥克這么聰明,大家都喜歡他.so that意為以便,為的是,引導目的狀語從句(該目的狀語通常用情態(tài)動詞作謂語)如:They can

3、help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.他們能幫助你比較兩種不同的產(chǎn)品,以便你能買到自己真正喜歡的.so that從句還可表示結(jié)果,意為因此, 如:His pen is missing,so that he hasn t done his homework.他的筆不見了,因此他無法完成作業(yè).4.so與動詞say,tell,think,believe,suppose等連用,可以替代一個意義完整的賓語從句.如:Is she a top student in her

4、class Yes,I think so.她是她們班最好的學生嗎 是的,我想是這樣.so與動詞do連用,意為這樣做,以避免重復(fù)前面的有關(guān)內(nèi)容.而if so意為如果是這樣.如:He did so in order to help her.他這樣做是為了幫助她.Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please 你是學生嗎 如果是,請問你叫什么名字 5.So + be/其他助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + 主語是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),意為同樣,也.這一結(jié)構(gòu)在中考試題中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn).如:I usually go to bed at night.S

5、o do I.我通常晚上睡覺.我也是.6.so作連詞,表示結(jié)果,意為所以,因此.如:How do you like this shirt It s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.你喜歡這件襯衣嗎 它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜歡.7.not so +adj./adv.(原級)+as是一個常見的比較級句型,也是中考?？嫉木湫?意思是不如,不及.如:The man doesn t work so hard as me.這個人工作不如我努力.二,such的常見用法1.such是限定詞,常和名詞連用,意為如此的,

6、這樣的.如:She is such a kind woman.她是一個如此善良的女人.Grandpa often told us such funny stories.爺爺常給我們講這么有趣的故事.Dont go out in such bad weather.天氣這么糟,不要 出去區(qū)別：so是副詞,修飾形容詞和副詞,在句中充當狀語.Such為形容詞修飾名詞,在句中作定語,請看下面幾個句子. The fish is so long. Dont drive so fast, its dangerous. Fred is so good a man.Fred is such a good man.

7、 It was such interesting meeting.The meeting was so intersting. There were such a lot of people. There were so many people.以上句子中,句比較簡單,so為副詞,分別修飾形容詞long和副詞fast.句中的so修飾good,可用形容詞such改為: Fred is such a good man. 這句話和原句的意義不變,但用so要用so+adj+a/an+n.的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達.用such需用such+a/an+adj+n.的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達.句中仍可按的形式表達,但也可寫成: The

8、 meeting was so interesting. 其句意不變.句中的such也可換為so,但更據(jù)習慣搭配,應(yīng)將a lot of 變?yōu)閙any為宜,如其后所修析的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,還需將a lot of改為much.如: With such a lot of time,they should have finished their homework 用so則為: With so much time, they so have finished their homework. 因此遇到這種情況,我們可將such+a lot of+n.結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)閟o+many/much+n.結(jié)構(gòu) 再看這樣一個

9、句子: The enemy scattered in such a hurry. 可改為:The enemy scattered so hurriedly.又如: The plane flies at such a speed. 則可寫成:The plane flies so fast. 這樣的句子為such+a/an+n結(jié)構(gòu),改為so+adv結(jié)構(gòu)其義不變. 在sothatclause中和suchthat-clause中,我們也可參照以上的結(jié)構(gòu)來進行轉(zhuǎn)換. 1、so + 形容詞/副詞 + that + 從句，如： This story is so interesting that I want

10、 to read it again. （這個故事如此有趣以至我想再讀一次。） He spoke so quickly that I couldnt follow him. （他說得如此快以至我不能跟上他。） 2、so+形容詞/副詞+(a/an)+(單數(shù))復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句，如果句中的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前就要用不定冠詞a或an，如果是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞，前面就不用冠詞，如： She is so lovely a girl that everyone loves he（這個故事如此有趣以至我想再讀一次。）r. （她是如此可愛的一個女孩，以至每個人都喜歡她。） Tho

11、se are so beautiful flowers that the girl wants to pick them.（那些花是如此漂亮以至那個女孩想要摘下它們。） 3、such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that+從句，如： She is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her.（她是如此可愛的一個女孩，以至每個人都喜歡她。） It is such an interesting story that I want to read it again. （這是一個如此有趣的故事以至我想再讀一次。） 4、such+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+t

12、hat+從句，如： He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative.（他表現(xiàn)得如此關(guān)心以致于人們都把他當作親戚了。）such 后面需要加名詞詞組,nice people 作為一個詞組用,所以要用such 不用so .adj+N 前面用such adv+N 前面用so so 與such的區(qū)別： so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，作狀語（如so good，so fast）；such是形容詞，用來修飾名詞，作定語。當名詞之前有另外的形容詞時，則在此形容詞之前一般既可以用such，也可以用so。但要注意不定冠詞a an的位置。 比較

13、so和 such 其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副 詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。 so + adj. such + a(n) + n. so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. 不可數(shù) such +n. 不可數(shù) so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flo

14、wer so many/ few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。 sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 簡單說so 是副詞，所以用來形容形容詞和其他副詞，如so cute, 甚至so-sosuch 是代詞，那就只能修飾名詞。如，such weather, such

15、 good weather.這個地方最容易混，對吧？你可以替換其他代詞來感受這個用法，比如such beautiful fish-this beautiful fishso和such用法及區(qū)別such和so兩個單詞意思相近，使用時很容易混淆。其實，這兩個單詞的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它們的詞性不同；such為形容詞，意為“這（那）樣的；這（那）種；如此的”，主要修飾名詞；如：No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before.而so是副詞，意為“這（那）么；這（那）樣；如此地”，

16、主要修飾形容詞、副詞和分詞。如：Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was not so much angry as disappointed.但是，such和so都可以用于名詞詞組。本文主要介紹一下它們在名詞詞組中的用法。一、后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式1、直接跟名詞時，用such；如：However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing.Why are you in such a hurry?注意：當such前面有no時，必須省去不定冠詞a(an)，因為no such

17、本身已經(jīng)包括了不定冠詞，相當于not such a(an)；如：I have no such book. (= I havent such a book.)2、跟帶有形容詞的名詞時，既可以用such，也可以用so，但應(yīng)注意冠詞位置的不同，如：I have never seen such a tall man. I have never seen so tall a man.He is not such a clever boy as his brother. He is not so clever a boy as his brother.二、后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或集合名詞，無論有無修飾語都

18、用such，如：Such things often happen in our daily life. Such people are dangerous.Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other.He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.三、后接不可數(shù)名詞，無論有無修飾語都用such，如：Did you ever see such weather? You cant drink such hot mil

19、k.She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.四、當復(fù)數(shù)名詞或集合名詞之前有few，many；不可數(shù)名詞之前有l(wèi)ittle，much修飾時，用so，如：so many people / so many students / so few daysso much time / so much money / so little time等。注意：上述詞組中的so實際上修飾名詞前的形容詞。比較下列兩句：I have met many such people in my life.I d

20、idnt expect to meet so many people there.上述兩句中都有many，但卻分別用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含義也不同。在中，many和such同時修飾后面的名詞；而句中的so修飾的則是many。五、當many、much、little、few單獨作為名詞使用時，用so；如：There are so few that I cant give you one.This is the girl I have told you so much about.So much for today.六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one

21、、no、many、any、few、several等詞同時修飾一個名詞，但它的位置通常是放在這些詞的后面，如：All such possibilities must be considered. I need some such cards.One such dictionary is enough for me.We have had several such Chinese paintings already.I hope never to meet with another such accident.其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞

22、，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n。so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl。)so + adj. + n. (pl。) such +n. (pl。)so + adj. + n. 不可數(shù)such +n. 不可數(shù)so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.s

23、uch rapid progressso many people such a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。首先,我們應(yīng)該弄清so是副詞,修飾形容詞和副詞,在句中充當狀語.Such為形容詞修飾名詞,在句中作定語,請看下面幾個句子. The fish is so long. Dont drive so fast, its dangerous. Fred is so good a man. It was su

24、ch interesting meeting. There were such a lot of people. 以上句子中,句比較簡單,so為副詞,分別修飾形容詞long和副詞fast.句中的so修飾good,可用形容詞such改為: Fred is such a good man. 這句話和原句的意義不變,但用so要用so+adj+a/an+n.的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達.用such需用such+a/an+adj+n.的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達.句中仍可按的形式表達,但也可寫成: The meeting was so interesting. 其句意不變.句中的such也可換為so,但更據(jù)習慣搭配,應(yīng)將a lot o

25、f 變?yōu)閙any為宜,如其后所修析的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞,還需將a lot of改為much.如: With such a lot of time,they should have finished their homework 用so則為: With so much time, they so have finished their homework. 因此遇到這種情況,我們可將such+a lot of+n.結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)閟o+many/much+n.結(jié)構(gòu) 再看這樣一個句子: The enemy scattered in such a hurry. 可改為:The enemy scattered s

26、o hurriedly.又如: The plane flies at such a speed. 則可寫成:The plane flies so fast. 這樣的句子為such+a/an+n結(jié)構(gòu),改為so+adv結(jié)構(gòu)其義不變. 在sothatclause中和suchthat-clause中,我們也可參照以上的結(jié)構(gòu)來進行轉(zhuǎn)換. 下面我再就so和such的其它用法作一討論. 先看so的一個用法:替代. I enjoyed the music and so did my wife. If my brother is allowed to go out, so should I be.0 You a

27、re young, so am I I love sport. So do you. A She will learn English, and so shall I, and so will her sister. A組五個句子,都表示前面的情況也適合后者的情況,但主語不指同一人.需用下面的結(jié)構(gòu)表達: So+ be/have/do/助動詞+主語 Tomorrow will be your birthday. You are right, so it will. It was cold yesterday. Yes, so it was. Father, you promised to buy

28、 it for me. I hoped to win and so I shall. B組so所引起的句子,實際上是對前面句意的重復(fù),從語氣上更加肯定前句的意思,肯定無疑,信十足.在這種句子中,主語所指相同,那么應(yīng)用下面結(jié)構(gòu)來表達: So+主語+be/have/do/助動詞 就A,B兩組句子,我們不難看出,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,so替代的不外乎三種情況:謂語,謂語的一部分或非謂語動詞短語. 再看such作代詞的一個用法. 在英語學習中,我們會碰到如下的句子: Such were the results. Such is his fate. Such are the facts. 好多書中談及such是

29、作主語.但是,我也注意到要such之后的be是隨著其后的形式而變化的.我認為似乎作表語更容易理解些.如下面的句子: Such is life. Such were his words. Such is her reward. 以上三例均出自牛津現(xiàn)代高級英漢雙解辭典,它指明such在此均作表語使用.另陜西人民出版社出版的簡明英語語法也有同樣的觀點: Such is the power of the press; such the state of man. 由此看來,such在這種句子中作表語講要好些,從語法角度也更好解釋. 隨后的兩個問題不能稱為問題，因為二者不能比較，that的位置不同，所代

30、表的意義是完全不同的 so big a bag =such a big bag& so副詞，意思是“如此、這樣”，后面常接形容詞或副詞；such形容詞，意思是“如此、這樣”，修飾名詞，即可接可數(shù)名詞，也可以接不可數(shù)名詞。2，聯(lián)系-such a/ an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；so +形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞。such除了修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞外，還可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞。例如：Its such a fine day. Its so fine a day. 3，如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有few，many等形容詞；不可數(shù)名詞前有l(wèi)ittle，much等形容詞，就必須用so，而

31、不能用such，例如：The camel had such a long neck. 駱駝長著那樣長的脖子。Dont make so much noise! 別那么大聲嚷嚷。& suchthat作“如此以致”解，連接一個表示結(jié)果的狀語從句。與sothat意思相同，但用法不同。如：sothat這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so后邊可加形容詞或副詞，而such后邊要用名詞（這個名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶）。因此，suchthat的句型結(jié)構(gòu)可分以下三種：1) sucha(an)adj.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞thatclauseHe is such a clever boy that everybody likes him

32、.他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常誠實，因而受到了老師的表揚。2)suchadj.復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞thatclauseThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.這些小說非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。3)suchadj.不可數(shù)名詞thatclauseHe has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him

33、.他進步得很快，老師們對他感到很滿意。注意：如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話，則不用such而用so.例如：He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不適合做這個工作。There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close tothe building.街上有那么多人觀看大火，以致于消防隊員無法接近大樓。sothat也作“如

34、此以致”解，連接一個表示結(jié)果的狀語從句。sothat與suchthat意思相同，但用法不同。現(xiàn)將sothat用法總結(jié)如下：soadj.adv.thatclause（so的后面跟形容詞或副詞）He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非?？?，沒人能追上他。Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. (=He is so good a doctor thateverybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good

35、doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)他是一位好醫(yī)生，大家都尊敬并愛戴他。so that與so . that .的用法在近幾年來全國各省市的中考試題中出現(xiàn)率較高，一直是歷年來中考試題的重要考點。下面結(jié)合近幾年來的中考試題，將so that與so . that . 的用法歸納如下：一、so that引導目的狀語從句時，表示“以便；為了”，從句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞；引導結(jié)果狀語從句時，從句中一般不用can和may等詞，在so that前可以用逗號，意思是

36、“因此;所以”。如：1. The little boy saved every coin_ _he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day.(用所給的短語填空，每個短語只能用一次)(2003大連市) (答案為so that。)2. She bought a digital camera online_ she would save a lot of time. (2003揚州市)A.so that B.as soon as C.no matter D.such that (答案為A。)二、so形容詞或副詞that .引導結(jié)果狀語從句。(一)s

37、o形容詞或副詞that .引導的肯定的結(jié)果狀語從句，意思是“如此以致于”。如：3._fine day it is today! Yes,the sunshine is_beautiful that Id like to go swimming in the sea. (2003青島市) A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so 4.當球迷們看到貝克漢姆的時候，他們?nèi)绱思右灾掠诖蠛按蠼小?根據(jù)中文意思完成句子，每空一詞。)(2003北京市海淀區(qū))When the football fans saw Beckham, they g

38、ot_excited_they cried out. (答案為so，that。)(二)so形容詞或副詞that .引導的否定的結(jié)果狀語從句，意思是“如此以致于不能”。如：5. The camera is _expensive_ I cant afford it A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that 6. Miss Gao asked a question, but it was_that nobody could answer it.A.very difficult B. too difficult C. difficul

39、t enough D. so difficult注意：當that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句為肯定句時，so . that .可以與be . enough to do轉(zhuǎn)換；當從句為否定句時，可以與too . to . 或be not . enough to do轉(zhuǎn)換。如：7. David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper. (變?yōu)楹唵尉?(2003福州市)David was_careless_find the mistakes in his test paper.8. A：The boy is so you

40、ng that he cant look after himself.B：The boy is not_to look after himself.(改寫句子，使B句與A句意思相近)(2004年桂林市)(答案為old enough。)so . that . 引導結(jié)果狀語從句有時候可以與such . that .句型相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：9. The stone is so heavy that I cant lift it up.It is_a heavy stone_I cant lift it up.(改寫句子) 他是好孩子，我也是He is a good child. So am i他是好孩子，

41、是嗎?He is a good child. Ist he他是好孩子，他確實是He is a good child. So he isso與such都有“如此、這么、那么”的意思，可進行同義改寫，但用法不同。1. so是副詞，修飾形容詞和副詞；而such是形容詞，修飾名詞。它們后面接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，詞序不同。so的詞序為：so+ adj. + a（an） + n.such的詞序為：such +a（an） +adj. + n.它們可以表達同樣的意思，因此它們可以進行同義改寫。so nice a coat =such a nice coat 這么漂亮的一件外套so interesting a bo

42、ok = such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本書補給站：后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時，只能用such，而不能用so.如：such beautiful flowers 這么美麗的花such clever children 如此聰明的孩子但是，復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前有many，few，much，little修飾時，只能用so而不能用such，這是一種固定用法。如：so many books 這么多書so few people 這么少的人so much money 那么多的錢so little milk 那么少的牛奶2. 和“that”連用時，意思基本一樣，但句型結(jié)構(gòu)不同

43、?！皊othat”句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：so + adj. （adv.） +thatso + adj. +a（an）+單數(shù)n. +thatso +many（few）+復(fù)數(shù)n. +thatso +much（little）+不可數(shù)n. +that如：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 這本書如此有趣，我已經(jīng)看了三遍。He spoke so fast that we couldnt understand him. 他說得太快，我們都未能聽懂他的話。It was so hot a day that nobody wanted

44、to do anything. 天氣很熱，誰都不想干活。There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 這么多人，我們簡直無法繼續(xù)往前走?！皊uchthat”句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：such + a （an）+adj. +單數(shù)n. +thatsuch + adj. +復(fù)數(shù)n. +thatsuch +adj. +不可數(shù)n. +thatShe is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. 她是個很可愛的小姑娘，大家都喜歡她。They are such delicious cakes that I w

45、ant to eat another two. 這么可口的蛋糕，我還想再吃兩塊。It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 這么香的牛奶，我們都想喝。補給站：由于so 和such后跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，可以換用，同樣“sothat”與“suchthat”也可以進行同義句改寫。如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 可改寫成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three time

46、s.It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 可改寫成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.3. so與that可以直接構(gòu)成詞組“so that”，引導目的和結(jié)果狀語從句，表示“以便、以致”的意思。如：He worked hard so that he could pass the exams. 為了能通過考試，他學習很認真。（但such沒有這種用法）such和so都可以用來表示程度，意思是“如此；這樣”，但用法卻不相同。 1such是形容詞，用來修飾名詞，名詞前有無形容詞都可以；so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞，形容詞后可以省略名詞。例如： He is such a（big）fool他是個（大）傻瓜。 He is so foolish（a man）他是如此愚蠢（的一個人）。 2單數(shù)名詞前有不定冠詞與形容詞時，so和such的位置不同。前者為“so形容詞冠詞名詞”，后者為“such冠詞形容詞名詞”。例如： I know such a clever boy我認識如此聰明的一個男孩。 I know so clever a bo