初中英語語法---代詞專題(含練習(xí))

1、專題復(fù)習(xí) 代詞代詞：可以用來代替名詞的詞稱為代詞。小學(xué)和初中階段學(xué)到的代詞通常可分為以下六類：人稱代詞（I, you, he, we, it 等） 物主代詞（our, your, their, his 等）反身代詞（myself, ourselves, yourself 等） 指示代詞（this, that, these, those 等）疑問代詞（who, what, which, whose, when, where 等）不定代詞（both, all, some, any 等）一、 人稱代詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和主格、賓格（重點：it的用法在第三單元語法中有詳細講解）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人

2、稱I我mewe我們us第二人稱you你youyou你們you第三人稱 he他 she她 it 它 him her it 他們they 她們 它們 them人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語。Eg1. I am studying English.Eg2. They love their school.多個人稱代詞并列作主語時的位置：單數(shù)形式： 二、三、一（you, he/she and I ）復(fù)數(shù)形式：一、 二、三（we, you and they）男女并列男在先，錯誤責(zé)任我承擔(dān)。人稱代詞的賓格在句中做賓語。Eg1. He gave me a pen.Eg2. We are waiting for th

3、em.二、 物主代詞物主代詞用來表示人和物之間的所有關(guān)系，有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，并有不同的人稱和單、復(fù)數(shù)之分。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨使用，只做定語，用來修飾其后的名詞。Eg1. My parents are both doctors.Eg2. Theres something wrong with his bike.名詞性物主代詞應(yīng)獨立使用，后面不

4、跟名詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，在句中可以作主語、賓語或標(biāo)語。Eg1. Our classroom is on the second floor, and theirs is on the fourth floor. (作主語)Eg2. Lets clean their room first, and then clean ours. (作賓語)Eg3. That pen is hers. (做表語)of+名詞性物主代詞=of +名詞所有格 （a friend of hers=a friend of Lilys）三、 反身代詞反身代詞用來表示反射或強調(diào)，其形式如下：人稱第一人稱第二人稱第

5、三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves表示動作回射到動作的執(zhí)行者本身（自己）Eg. My grandpa is very old, he cant look after himself.在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語，用來加強語氣，常譯為“親自”，“本人”等。Eg1. The house itself is not so beautiful.Eg2. The children made the model plane themselves.反身代詞在實際運用中可構(gòu)成許多常用詞組。by onesel

6、f(親自) help oneself(自便) teach oneself(自學(xué)) enjoy oneself（過得愉快） introduce oneself(介紹自己) call oneself（稱自己） lose oneself（迷路） speak to oneself(自言自語) look after oneself（照看自己）四、 指示代詞指示代詞是表示“這個”、“那個”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的詞，如：this，that，these，those, such 等。this 和 these一般用來指較近的事物，that和those指較遠的事物。this 是these 的單數(shù)， tha

7、t 是those的單數(shù)指示代詞可以充當(dāng)句子中的主語、定語、賓語或表語。Eg1. This is a difficult question. (作主語)Eg2. Do you like these? (做賓語)Eg3. Oh, its not that. (做表語)電話用語中表自身稱呼用this; 表詢問對方稱呼的用thatThis is Sunny (speaking).Is that Lily (speaking)?That 或 those 與形容詞的比較級連用的句型：Eg1: The weather here is hotter than that in Guangzhou.Eg2. Th

8、e book here is more interesting than that of Lilys.Eg3. The apples here are bigger than those in the south.相應(yīng)課堂練習(xí)：Task 1. 按要求寫單詞。1. I（復(fù)數(shù)） 2. us(單數(shù)) 3. this（反義詞） 4. my(賓格) 5. he(復(fù)數(shù)) 6. its(復(fù)數(shù)) 7. it (復(fù)數(shù)) 8. this(復(fù)數(shù)) 9. she(形容詞性物主代詞) 10. our (名詞性物主代詞) Task 2. 單項選擇1. Is this picture ?A. my B. her C. yo

9、urs D. our2. Some of are workers. A. they B. their C. them D. themselves3. A friend of came here yesterday. A. my B. his C. her D. your4. This desk is mine. is hers. A. Those B. These C. This D. That5. Ill go to see tomorrow morning. A. she B. hers C. her D. herself6. Mr. Li teaches English. A. us B

10、. we C. our D. ours7. These are books. are over there. A. I; We B. my; Your C. my; Yours D. mine; Yours8. You cant finish the work . Let me help you. A. you B. yourself C. by you D. you only9. These are pens and are pencils. A. that B. this C. those D. these10. I saw in the street last Sunday aftern

11、oon. A. he B. his C. him D. himselfTask 3. 用所給代詞的正確形式填空。1. Please show (I) the way to the hospital.2. Grandma often tells (he) stories.3. This is (you) room; (she) is the next one.4. They enjoyed (they) in the park.5. We like (we) English teacher.6. Please listen to (she) carefully.7. He can do his

12、homework by (he).8. Help (you) to some fish, please.9. Be careful not to make (you) dirty.10. name is Jack. We all like (he).Task 4. 從括號里選擇正確的代詞填空。1. Tom was sick yesterday. is why he missed school. (That; These; Those)2. Which of shirts are Toms? (these; this; that)3. This desk is mine, is hers. (t

13、hose; this; that)4. (He; His; Mine) aunt is a nurse. (She; His; He) works very hard.5. Those books arent (me; I; mine). (They; It; Its) may be (her; hers; she)6. Let (I; me; mine) tell (her; she; hers) how to do it.7. Dont tell (he; him; his) the answer.8. (I; Me; My) believe that (he; him; his) can

14、 work out the problem (he; him; himself) 9. “Its going to snow,” the old woman said to (her; she; herself).10. A friend of (me; my; mine) came to help (I; me; mine) with (mine; my; I) homework yesterday afternoon.五、 疑問代詞(難點)疑問代詞用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞。（who; whose; what; which; why; where; how; when）在疑問句中，疑問代詞一

15、般放在句首，并在句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語或定語。Eg: Who is going to teach us Chinese next term? (作主語)What do you usually have for breakfast? (作賓語)Whose bag is that? (作定語)Which bus shall we take? (作定語)which 表示一定范圍內(nèi)的選擇(哪一個)，而what沒有這種限制（什么）。相應(yīng)課堂練習(xí)：Task 1. 用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~填空。1. A： is your mother? B: She is a teacher.2. A： jumps higher

16、, Tom or David? B: David does. 3. A： would you like? B: Some coffee, please.4. A： are the presents from? B: They are from my friends.5. A： is that in English? B: Its a bird.6. A： grade are you in? B: Im in Grade Five.7. A： MP4 is this? B: Its Marys.8. A： color are your trousers? B: They are white.9.

17、 A： are the shoes? B: They are mine.10. A： are you writing to? B: Im writing to my English friend, Tom .Task 2. 選用who, whose, what, which等疑問代詞，對劃線部分提問。1. An old friend of mine is coming to see me tomorrow. 2. Their husbands are math teachers. 3. She was looking for the famous professor. 4. I would l

18、ike to choose these knives. 5. We borrowed the English books from Mr Li. 6. The post office is on the sixth floor. 7. She did some shopping after supper on Saturday. 8. Childrens smiling faces made me happy in Beijing. 9. I like Book Three Best. 10. The tall girl in red is my sister. 11. I finished

19、my homework at 10pm yesterday. 12. I go to my grandmas house every weekend. 13. They all like her because she is such a nice girl. 14. The police man solved the case by questioning the suspect. 15. Its three oclock now. 課后練習(xí)：一、按要求寫單詞。1. our(主格) 2. you(形容詞性物主代詞) 3. those(單數(shù)形式) 4. his(賓格) 5. it(形容詞性物主

20、代詞) 6. my(名詞性物主代詞) 7. their(名詞性物主代詞) 8. she(形容詞性物主代詞) 9. his(名詞性物主代詞) 10. his(復(fù)數(shù)形式) 二、用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~填空。1. - is in your bag? -oranges.2. - is she? -I dont know the woman.3. - the today? -Its the second day of September.4. are ours, these books or those books?5. - is your mother? -She is a doctor.6. These a

21、rent my shoes. are they?7. - is it today? -Its Monday.三、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。1. The man behind (he) is our friend.2. Look at the blackboard. There are some words on (it).3. Can I stand beside (they)?4. I have a brother. is only one year old. I like (his).5. dont know the girl. Can you tell ?(we)6. Where is

22、? We cant find . Lets call parents. (hers)四、根據(jù)問句找答句。( ) 1. Which classroom are you in? A: New Years Day.( ) 2. Who are you looking at? B: Orange.( ) 3. Who is your sister? C: I like playing games.( ) 4. Whose child is the boy? D: Autumn.( ) 5. Which season do you like? E: Rice.( ) 6. What is your ho

23、bby? F: Classroom No.5.( ) 7. Whats the date tomorrow? G: Mrs Lius.( ) 8. What color is an orange? H: The girl with long hair is my sister.( ) 9. What holiday comes after Christmas? I: The fifth of October.( ) 10. What do you have for lunch? J: Im looking at Tom.五、 完形填空。Dear Tom,I saw 1 name in the

24、newspaper. 2 asked for pen friends in China. I would like to be 3 pen friend.I am twelve years old. I am a student at Binhai Primary School. We study Chinese, English, Math and some other subjects. 4 favorite subjects are English and Arts. My family is not big. There are only three of 5 : my father,

25、 my mother and 6 . We live in a new house. Near 7 house, there are many trees and flowers. I want to know everything about 8 . Please write to 9 soon. 10 email address is wangbing.With best wishes! Wang Bing( ) 1. A. you B. your C. yours( ) 2. A. You B. Your C. Yours( ) 3. A. you B. your C. yours (

26、) 4. A. I B. Me C. My( ) 5. A. we B. us C. our( ) 6. A. me B. my C. mine( ) 7. A. we B. our C. ours( ) 8. A. you B. your C. me( ) 9. A. I B. my C. me( ) 10. A. I B. My C. Mine六、 不定代詞（重難點）不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞。1. some & any 一些（兩者都可修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式）some 通常用于肯定句中。Eg. I have some books.any 用于否定句和疑問句中。

27、Eg. I dont have any books. Do you have any books?注：如果在提問時期待對方的肯定回答，或鼓勵別人說yes時，疑問句中的不定代詞要用some, 而不用any. (通常跟在用could或would提問的句子中)Eg. Could I borrow some books?Eg. Would you please pass me some water?當(dāng)強調(diào)任何一個的時候，any 也可以用在肯定句中。Eg. You can take any of the newspapers here. 你可以拿這兒的任何一份報紙。相應(yīng)課堂練習(xí)：選擇some 或any填

28、空。1. Jack has close friends. But he didnt write letters to them for half a year.2. Would you like tea or coffee?3. You may come to my house at time.4. She sings much better than of the other singers in the room.5. There are apples in the basket. You may take one you like.6. We have bread but we dont

29、 have meat.7. Im in trouble. Could you give me help?8. I want oranges. Do you have ?9. He never gave me help. I hope you can give me help.10. I have beautiful pictures. You may borrow one of them.2. many, much, few, a few, little, a little的用法許多幾乎沒有,很少（否定含義）一些，有點兒（肯定含義）用于修飾可數(shù)名詞manyfewa few用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞mu

30、chlittlea littleEg: There are many people at the meeting. He has much homework to do everyday. He has a few friends. 他有幾個朋友。 He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我們還有點時間。 There is little time left. 幾乎沒剩下什么時間。相應(yīng)課堂練習(xí)：選擇many, much, few, a few, little 或 a little填空。1. The poor little

31、 boy had money. He couldnt go to school.2. Please dont put too coffee in our cups, of us like coffee.3. They are very good students. They did so for old people.4. Tom did very well in the math exam. He made mistakes.5. “Would you like some more tea?” “Yes, just .”6. Marys father was sick last year.

32、He is better now.7. Im sorry I cant help you. I know about Russian.8. He is a very good man. He says and does .9. How words did you learn last term?10. How money do you need this time?3. other, the other, others, the others, another 的區(qū)別：速記式：有s結(jié)尾的不加名詞；無s結(jié)尾的加名詞 有the 結(jié)尾表剩余全部；無the結(jié)尾表剩余中的一部分。 范圍為二用：oneth

33、e other結(jié)構(gòu) 范圍不定用another, 表“另一個，又一個” one after another 一個接一個one 代指一個，ones代指兩個或兩個以上，其后不加名詞相應(yīng)課堂練習(xí)：選擇one, ones, another, other(s)或the other(s)填空。1. He has eight shirts, is green, are all white.2. There are two people in the room. is a policeman, is a doctor.3. I dont like this bag, please pass me . of th

34、e red ones, please.4. The old woman got grandchildren. is a boy, is a girl.5. I have three apples, a green and two red . Which are you going to take.6. Pass me my coat, please. That light orange is mine.7. I think this film is much more interesting than three.8. To say is thing, to do is quite .9. M

35、r Wang is always ready to help .10. Some are big, are small.4. all, both; either, neither, none; each, every的用法肯定all 表三者或三者以上都both 表兩者都否定none 表三者或三者以上都不neither 表兩者都不neither A nor B： 表A和B都不選擇either 表兩者中的其中一個either A or B：表A或B其中一個every 用于三者或以上，強調(diào)整體each用于兩者或以上，強調(diào)個體，可以與of 連用相應(yīng)課堂練習(xí)：選擇all, both; either, n

36、either, none; each, every填空。1. Jack and his two sisters are from Australia.2. Mary and Peter are Americans.3. Thats for today. Goodbye, one.4. the boys in my class are football fans.5. Bob is such a good student that teacher likes him.6. There are tall trees on sides of the road.7. There are two sho

37、ps in the street. are open now.8. Mr Li has three sons. of them has a good job.9. Thats I can do for you, son.10. Mr Black gave his son and daughter 10 dollars .11.-When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? - is OK, Im free these days.12.-How many students are there in the

38、classroom? - . They are all on the playground.13. -I would like you to talk about the Great Wall. -Im sorry, but Jack nor I have been there.5. nothing全否，沒有任何事 nobody: 無人something 某些事 somebody 某人anything 任何事 anybody 任何人everything 所有事 everybody所有人注：形容詞修飾不定代詞時位于其后，簡言之：不定代詞+形容詞Eg1. -What would you like

39、to do on your winter holiday, Mike? -Id like to do . A. nothing interesting B. interesting anything C. something interesting D. interesting something Eg2. Believe yourself. Youre better than . Youre the best. Wish you success! A. anyone else B. someone else C. else anyone D. else someone相應(yīng)課堂練習(xí):選擇not

40、hing，something，anything或everything填空。1. I want to go now. The film is interesting at all.2. Can you tell us about your life and work in this short time?3. “Did you find interesting to tell me?” “Yes, I found very interesting.”4. “Do you know about the star?” “No, I know about her.”5. Dont worry. wil

41、l be OK soon.6. My radio got wrong yesterday.課后練習(xí)：單項選擇。1. New Zealand has two islands. One is North Island and is South Island. A. another B. the other C. other D. the others2. She is new here, so we know about her. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything3. -Which of the caps will you take

42、? -Ill take , one for my father, the other for my brother. A. neither B. both C. all D. either4. -Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? - , I cleaned it all by myself. A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody5. -We have five kinds of schoolbags. Do you like this one? -No. Can you show m

43、e ? A. another B. each other C. the other D. others6. A lot of books are on sale, but there are good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many7. -Are you from America? -No, none of us. A. both B. all C. any D. either8. -I think that work is a big problem for me. - is difficult if you put all your effort into it. A. Anything B. Something C. Nothing D. Everything9. If you need a pen, I will lend you . A. the one B. another C. some D. one10. “ is the woman?” “She is fine.” A. What B. Who C. Which D. How11. There are many teachers in this school. Some are men te