定語從句講解與歸納

1、定語從句講解與歸納一 定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1 定語從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞，根據(jù)它在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謱⒁龑?dǎo)4.定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞Eg. He is the boy who often goes to school late. 關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語(whose)等成分。 關(guān)系副詞有 where, when, why等在定語從句中充當(dāng)

2、狀語成分。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1引導(dǎo)定語從句。2代替先行詞。3在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。(關(guān)系詞在從句中代替先行詞1.關(guān)系詞本身沒有詞義，代替先行詞的詞義2.必須充當(dāng)定語從句中的一個(gè)成分。)二關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1 .who指人，在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked

3、 about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或

4、者whom ;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語， 做賓語時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fa

5、lie n in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式要與先行詞保持人稱與數(shù)的一致。(

6、1) Those who want to the English party must be at the school gate .要參加英語晚會(huì)的人到校門集合。(2) He who doesn ' t reach the Great wall is not a true man .不到長城非好漢。四. 定語從句的先行詞是“ one of”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，先行詞為of后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；定語從句的先行詞是“ the only / very one of."結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，先行詞為one,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式(1) This is one of the room

7、s that are free now.(2) Professor Johnson is the only one of the experts who knows a little Chinese.五. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will

8、bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous sin ger (whom/that/who) we have ofte n talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we have ofte n talked.2意含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，因?yàn)檫@些介詞存在于關(guān)系密切的固定短語中，常見的女口: look for, look after, take care of 等(1) This is

9、 the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)3若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom ,不可用who或者that;指物時(shí)用which ,不能用that;(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is ve

10、ry comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)4.介詞的選定介詞的選用要根據(jù)從句中v.adj. adv等與的習(xí)慣搭配而定，及把關(guān)系詞所代表的先行詞放在從句謂語動(dòng)詞后，看在動(dòng)詞與先行詞之間用什么介詞合適。根據(jù)先行詞在從句中的詞意決定。He stood by the window ,through which he could see what was happening outside .In the dark street,there wasn' ta sing

11、le person to whom she could turn for help.六. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together fin ally came.2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has be

12、en pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to sch

13、ool he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great ch a nges have take n place in the city in which/where I was born.4. 當(dāng)先行詞雖然是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、和原因的詞而關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語，仍然用that/which.(1) I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing .(我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了第一次到北京的那一天。)(2) I will never forget the day that

14、 / which we spent together.(我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們一起度過的那些日子。)七. 以下詞做先行詞時(shí)注意：situation (情況，情形),point (點(diǎn))，即可表示時(shí)間也可表示地點(diǎn)， case情況，狀態(tài))，occasion場合，情形)表示抽象時(shí)間.(1) Let' s think of a situation where this idiom can be used .(2) We are just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit together and talk .(3) We had re

15、ached the point when there was no money left.(4) Please underline the points where you understand .(5) Today ,we' II discuss a number of cases where beginers of English fail to use the Ianguage properly .八限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could

16、 depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥

17、常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。(他只有一個(gè)哥哥)九.難點(diǎn)分析(一) 限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況當(dāng)先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜)，few, all, none, little, some 詞時(shí)，或者是 由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)(1) Ha

18、ve you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用 who(5) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2. 當(dāng)先行詞

19、被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以

20、用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有 who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?(二) 關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的

21、定語從句1. As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有 芷如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see fr

22、om his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用 which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 當(dāng)先行次受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用as偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是表達(dá)的意義不 同。(1) I have never h

23、eard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.(禾口是同一類 )她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.(禾口 是同一物)她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。(三) 以the way為先行

24、詞的定語從句通常由in which或that通常可以省略。(1) The way in which/ thathe answered the question was surprising.(四) but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't)(五) 在定語從句中表示整體與部分，所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定代詞/數(shù)詞/名詞+of which(指物)/whom (扌旨人).常見有 some, many/much, none, both, neither, most, each, few,Little, all,several,half 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cit