高中狀語從句(修改)

1、the Adverbial 狀語狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。 Revision ofthe Adverbial Clauses狀語從句狀語從句九種狀語從九種狀語從句句 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句地點狀語從句地點狀語從句原因狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句目的狀語從句方式狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句比較狀語從句 狀語從句有九種，狀語從句有九種，時地原因條狀補，時地原因條狀補，目比結(jié)果方讓步，目比結(jié)果方

2、讓步，連詞引導(dǎo)各不同；連詞引導(dǎo)各不同；主句通常前面走，主句通常前面走，連詞引導(dǎo)緊隨后，連詞引導(dǎo)緊隨后，從句若在主前頭，從句若在主前頭，主從之間有個逗。主從之間有個逗。Back to school高考中每一分都至關(guān)重要高考中每一分都至關(guān)重要when,while,as,since,before,after, until,till, once,as soon as,every time, hardly.when, no sooner. than, the moment, immediately 引導(dǎo)詞有引導(dǎo)詞有when, whenever, while, as, the moment, the mi

3、nute , the second, as soon as, immediately , no sooner than, hardlywhen，scarcelywhen， every time, each time , by the time , the first time，the last time，next time，once , till, until, since, before, after 等注意同一個從屬連詞的多義性：注意同一個從屬連詞的多義性：連接詞連接詞when的用法小結(jié)的用法小結(jié)1. when可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r候的時候”從句

4、的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)的，也可以是短暫的。謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)的，也可以是短暫的。如：如： When the film ended, they went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2. When 常用于下列句式：常用于下列句式：意為意為“就在那時就在那時”。如：。如： was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when had donewhen3. when可以表可以表“既然既然”

5、，如：，如： How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me? 真題演練：真題演練： 1. (10天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _D_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 2. (11年江蘇) _ C_ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actua

6、lly like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 3. Mary made coffee C her guests were finishing their meal.(全國) A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 1. while可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語，意為可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語，意為“當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r候的時候”；引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，如：引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作為并

7、列連詞，意為作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻而，卻”，表示對比。，表示對比。 Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue. 3. while也可用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，意為也可用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，意為“盡管，雖然盡管，雖然”；可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于although While I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved. 4 趁趁的情況趕緊做的情況趕緊做, 否則來不及了否則來不及了 Strike while t

8、he iron is hot.連接詞連接詞while的用法小結(jié)的用法小結(jié) 1.as可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語，意為可用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語，意為“一邊一邊一邊一邊”；隨著；隨著如如:She sang as she walked home all the way. (一邊一邊一邊）一邊） She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. As she grew older, she became more beautiful. （隨著）（隨著）2.as也可用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句意為也可用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句意為“因為因為”；如：如： As

9、she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. （因為）（因為） 3.as還可用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句（通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）意為還可用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句（通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）意為“盡管盡管”。如：如：Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （盡管）（盡管） Hard as he worked, he cant work out the problem. Child as he is, he knows a lot.連接詞連接詞as的用法小結(jié)的用法小結(jié) 連接詞連接詞when, while, as的用

10、法區(qū)別：的用法區(qū)別：when, while, as這三個連詞都可表示這三個連詞都可表示“當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r候的時候”，使用時應(yīng)注意：，使用時應(yīng)注意：1) when可表示一個時間點，也可表示一個時間段。如：可表示一個時間點，也可表示一個時間段。如： When he came in, we were having supper. When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out.2) while則只表示一個時間段。它所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句則只表示一個時間段。它所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的時態(tài)常用進行時態(tài)。如：中的時態(tài)常用進行時態(tài)。如： When/Whi

11、le he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.3) as則強調(diào)主句和從句的動作在同一時間進行則強調(diào)主句和從句的動作在同一時間進行;也可表示也可表示“隨著隨著” 。 She sang as she walked along. As the election approached, the violence got worse. 補充：補充：1一些詞，如一些詞，如the moment, the minute, the instant,

12、 immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引導(dǎo)時間狀等也可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as的意思。的意思。 I came immediately you called me up.2一些含有一些含有time的名詞短語，如的名詞短語，如the first /second/last time,every time, each time, next time, by the time等等，也可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。，也可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。The first time

13、I drove the car, I felt very nervous.Next time you come, please bring your composition.3. 如果如果hardly或或no sooner或或scarcely置于句首，句子必置于句首，句子必須倒裝。須倒裝。Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.4.till, until和和notuntil：1) until/till從句用于肯定句時，主句的動詞是延續(xù)性動作從句用于肯定句時，主句的動詞是延續(xù)性動作， 意為意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止某動

14、作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”。如。如： We waited until/till he came. 2) 用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，意為用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始某動作直到某時間才開始”。如：。如： He wont go to bed until her father returns.3) till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4) notuntil句型中的強調(diào)和倒裝說法：句型中的強調(diào)和倒裝說法： It was not u

15、ntil you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.5.連接詞連接詞before的小結(jié)：的小結(jié)：1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4 Before I could get in a word, he had

16、 measured me. “才” “不到就” “趁” “還沒來得及” 5. It will be段時間段時間before“還要過多久才還要過多久才” It will be two years before he leaves the country. 6. It was +時間段時間段+before 從句從句 （動作已發(fā)生）（動作已發(fā)生） It was three weeks before he came back. 7. It will not be long before“不多久就會不多久就會” It wont be long before she comes back 8. It wa

17、s not long before“不多久就不多久就了了” 如：如： It wasnt long before he left the country.注意對比：注意對比： It is時間時間since如：如： It is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army. if, unless, so/as long as, in case, on condition that條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞有條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞有 if，unless（除非，如果不，除非在（除非，如果

18、不，除非在的時候）的時候）, in case（如果，以防）（如果，以防）, on condition that（在（在條件下條件下, 如果如果 ）, as long as(只要只要)，provided (that)/ providing (that)(假如假如, 在在條件下條件下),suppose (that)/supposing (that)（如果如果,假如假如），），when( 倘若倘若)等連等連詞引導(dǎo)。詞引導(dǎo)。注意：條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來注意：條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來。3.She will go provided her friends can go als

19、o.4.He will do the work providing you pay him.5.As long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do.6.In case I forget, please remind me about it.7.Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sportsmeeting?8.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.1.If it rains tomorro

20、w, I will not go swimming.2.You will fail unless you work hard.9.Call me when you have finished.If 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句1)與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句中用一般過去時與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句中用一般過去時(be用用were)，主句用，主句用would doIf I were you, I would help him.If he had enough money, he would buy that book.2)與過去事實相反，從句中用過去完成時時，主句與過去事實相反，從句中用過去完成時時，主句用用would

21、have done.I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 如果沒有堵車, 我會到的早一點兒。3)與將來事實相反，從句中用與將來事實相反，從句中用一般過去時一般過去時(be用用were) should dowere to do，主句用，主句用would doIf it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.If you dropped the glass, it would break.If he should see

22、me, he would know me.注：從句中有注：從句中有had, were, should，可將其提到，可將其提到主語前，并去掉主語前，并去掉if。If I were you, I would help him.=Were I you, I would help him.If he had enough money, he would buy that book.=Had he enough money, he would buy that book.If he should see me, he would know me.= Should he see me, he would

23、know me.But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨, 我們的旅行肯定會很愉快。Without your help, we could not have finished in time. 要不是你幫忙, 我們肯定不能及時完成任務(wù)。另外，另外，but for, without等引出一個介詞結(jié)等引出一個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)也可表示條件構(gòu)也可表示條件, 條件常常是虛擬的條件常常是虛擬的,或與或與事實相反的假設(shè)。如事實相反的假設(shè)。如:as, although, though, whether,even if/though,

24、no matter who/when/what., however, whatever.(1) though, although表示表示“雖然雖然, 縱縱然然”之意。之意。 這兩個連詞意思大致相同，在這兩個連詞意思大致相同，在一般一般情況下情況下可以互換使用可以互換使用。在口語中。在口語中, though 較常使用較常使用, although比比though正式，正式，二者都可與二者都可與yet, still或或nevertheless (然而，盡管如此然而，盡管如此)連用連用, 但不能與但不能與but連用。連用。 Though/Although he was worn out, (still

25、) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭, 但仍然繼續(xù)工作。 Though/Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀(jì)大了, 身體還很健壯。值得注意的是值得注意的是, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句多位于主句之前語從句多位于主句之前, though引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。句之后。 She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí), 考試

26、卻及格了。(2) as, though表示表示“雖然雖然但是但是”, “縱使縱使”之意。之意。 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)倒裝的形式出現(xiàn), 被倒裝的部分可以被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形是表語、狀語或動詞原形, though有時也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中有時也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 但但although不可以倒裝。不可以倒裝。1.Object as you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, I ll go.) 縱使你反對, 我也要去。 2.Hard as/ though he works, h

27、e makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.) 盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力, 但幾乎沒取得什么進步。 Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.) 雖然他是一個孩子, 但他知道該做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 縱

28、然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書。 (3) even if, even though 表示表示“即即使使”, “縱使縱使”之意之意,常可互換使?？苫Q使用用。Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好, 我們也要作一次旅行。Even if/though he is poor, she loves him. 盡管他很窮, 但她還是愛他。(4) whether.or.表示表示“不論是否不論是否”, “不管是不管是還是還是”之意。之意。 由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個方面的

29、可能從句旨在說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。 Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙, 都要參加這個典禮。 Whether you believe it or not, it s true. 無論你是否相信,這都是真的。 (5) “no matter+疑問詞疑問詞”或或“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”的的 含義為含義為“都都; 不管不管都都”它們引導(dǎo)的讓步它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。狀語從句可以互換。 No matter what happened,

30、 he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.) 無論發(fā)生了什么, 他都不會介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.（=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. ）不管你是誰, 你都要遵紀(jì)守法。但但“no matter+疑問詞疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句, 而而“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 Whatever(=No matter what) you say,

31、 I wont believe you.(Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么, 我都不會相信你。Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句) 你給我吃什么, 我就 吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語從句) 不管誰來都受到歡迎。此外此外, 有時有時while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句從句, 但一般要位于句首但一般要位于句首。 While I like the colour, I don t like the shape. 我雖

32、然喜歡那顏色, 但不喜歡那形狀。 so that; so /such that太.以至于.，如此.以至于. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 such + a/an+adj.+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞 +that clause such+adj.+n.s/n.u +that. such+many/much/few/little+n(s).+that. so +adj.(+a/an+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞)+that clause so+adv.+that clause 對比：對比： She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot about the

33、time. She told us so interesting an story that we all forgot about the time. He is such a clever boy _ we all like him.-結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 He is such a clever boy _ we all like .-定語從句定語從句thatasbecause, since, as, now that原因狀語從句原因狀語從句 1) because表示某件事情發(fā)生的直接原因或理由。表示某件事情發(fā)生的直接原因或理由。它的語氣很強，因而常用來回答它的語氣很強，因而常用來回答

34、why的提問。在這的提問。在這幾個連詞中，它表示原因的語氣最強。如：幾個連詞中，它表示原因的語氣最強。如： He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill. 2) since常表示對方已經(jīng)知道的既成事實，說話常表示對方已經(jīng)知道的既成事實，說話人根據(jù)這個事實得出某一種結(jié)論。其語氣比人根據(jù)這個事實得出某一種結(jié)論。其語氣比because要弱，一般譯成要弱，一般譯成“既然既然”。如：。如： Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days? 3) as常用于表示十分明顯的原因，說明因果關(guān)系

35、，重常用于表示十分明顯的原因，說明因果關(guān)系，重點放在主句上，語氣較弱，常譯成點放在主句上，語氣較弱，常譯成“由于由于”。如：。如： As its getting darker, we must go home now. 4) for只是一個并列連詞，用于連接兩個并列句，表示只是一個并列連詞，用于連接兩個并列句，表示推理或解釋，對前一個分句進行附加說明。如：推理或解釋，對前一個分句進行附加說明。如： It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.so that, in order that, in case , for fear th

36、at etc. so that “為了為了” ，要放在主句之后，同，要放在主句之后，同so as to， 從句中要使用情態(tài)動詞，如：從句中要使用情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might等等 He got up early so that he could catch the train. =He got up early to/in order to/so as to catch the train.in order that “為了為了”，放在主句前，放在主句前和后均可。同和后均可。同in order to School was closed early in order

37、that the children might go home ahead of the storm. 以防以防: in case; for fear (that) 你最好帶上你的傘你最好帶上你的傘,以防下雨以防下雨 Youd better take your umbrella with you in case/for fear (that) it rains.asas, not as(so)as, more/-erthan, lessthan 1)He doesnt work so hard as you do. 2)There is as much ink in bottle A as i

38、n bottle B. 3)The streets in Beijing are as crowded as those in Shanghai. 4)He doesnt work so hard as you do. 第一個as是adv.，修飾adj.或adv.原級，第二個as是連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，常省略與前面重復(fù)的部分。 5)The more you worry, the less youll succeed. 6) Gold is much heavier than any other metal. 7)He is better than I.than引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，常省略與前面重

39、復(fù)的部分。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：I have seldom seen my mother_ pleased with my progress as she is now. A. so B. very C. too D. rather 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 1) You must try to do as I did.* 2)Lets do as Mrs. Li teaches us.*3)He talks as if he knew all about it. (好象 )1. After the war，a new school building was put up _ there had onc

40、e been a theatre. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when2. - Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. - Oh, yes. _ others are weak, he is strong. A. If B. When C. Where D. Though3. - The thread of my kite broke and it flew away. - I had told you it would easily break _it was the weakest A. when B

41、. where C. unless D. since地點狀語從句地點狀語從句地點狀語從句只有兩個連詞地點狀語從句只有兩個連詞: where，wherever ，where - 在在地方，地方，wherever - 無論哪里無論哪里1.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.2.Where there is a will, there is a way.3.He follows her wherever she goes.4.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you. 否定詞否

42、定詞開頭；開頭；not until so 加加 adj. 開頭；開頭； as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。特別注意：特別注意： Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is, Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.1、The house cou

43、ld fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work. （04全國IV） A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季）A. before B. since C. after D. when 在條件，時間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示在條件，時間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。在一般將來時。在 since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中動引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中動詞一般都用一般過去時，而主句

44、常用現(xiàn)在完成時。詞一般都用一般過去時，而主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時。C CB B 在在條件，時間狀語從句條件，時間狀語從句中，用中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時般將來時。在。在 since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中動詞中動詞一般都用一般都用一般過去時一般過去時，而主句常用，而主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成時。 1、The house could fall down soon if no one _ C_ some quick repair work. A. has doneB is doing C. does D. had done 2、It is almost five y

45、ears _B_ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 1：如果主從句主語一致，從句中又有“be”時，省略主語和be。While still a student, she played many roles.When told the secret, he was surprised.When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and nightIf (you are) asked, you may come in. 2：從句中可省略it+是。You can tu