人教版初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)材料及練習(xí)

1、實(shí)用文檔文案大全初一年級(jí)(上)【知識(shí)梳理】I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about ？3. Let ' s do sth.4. It ' s time to do sth.5.

2、 It ' s time for 6. What' s？ It is / It ' s-7. Where is ？ It ' s.8. Howold are you? I ' m-.9. What class are you in?I ' m in .10. Welcome to11. What' s - plus ？ It ' s.12. I think 13. Who s this? This is .14. What can you see ? I can see .15. There is (are)16. What co

3、lour is it (are they)? It ' s (They ' re)17. Whose - is this? It ' s.18. What time is it? It ' s.III.交際用語(yǔ)1. Good morning, Miss/Mr .2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Niceto meet you, too.4. Howare you? I ' m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Y

4、ou ' re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What ' s your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who ' s on duty today?11. Let ' s do.12. Let me see.IV.重要語(yǔ)法1 .動(dòng)詞be的用法；2 .人稱代詞和物主代詞的 用法；3 .名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格 的用法；4 .冠詞的基本用法；5 . There be 句型的用法。1.in/on在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面

5、之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree.樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。Thereis a picture on the wall.墻上有張圖。2) this/that/these/those(1)this 常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事， these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn) 上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： You look in this box and I ' ll look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。I want this car, no

6、t that car.我想要這輛小汽車(chē)，不是那一輛。Take these books to his room, please.請(qǐng)把這些書(shū)拿至 U他房間去。This is mine; that ' s yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。 These are apples; those are oranges.這些是蘋(píng)果，那些是橘子。(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的 是對(duì)方。例如：This is Mary speaking. WhO s that?我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？ 3. There be/ haveThere be "有"，其確切含意

7、為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物+表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的 狀語(yǔ)。There be后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可 數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is ,名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用 are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可樂(lè)。There is a doll in the box.那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。3) ) There are many apples on the tree.那樹(shù)上有許多蘋(píng)果?？傊琓here be 結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一

8、種客觀存在的"有"。have表示“擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.) o主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如： (4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.HE所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing comp

9、uter games.瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look! What ' s that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？ 單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at,才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：He' s looking at me 。他正在看著我。see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果， 意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如： What can you see in the picture?你能在圖上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)w

10、atch "觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀 看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演曲”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了 一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4. put on/ / input on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作，后 面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如:It ' s cold outside, put on your coat.的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes

11、out.去。The woman in a white blouse is John襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是 John的媽媽。外面冷，穿上你他戴上帽子，走了由's mother. 穿白色house : “房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home: “家"，指?jìng)€(gè)5. house/ home/family人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方；Family:“家庭”家庭成員”。 例如： Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。He is not at home.他不在家。 Myfamily all get up early.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. f

12、ine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示 "好"之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于：(1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)"，形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康"，也 可以用來(lái)指“天氣晴朗"。例如：Yourparents are very fine.你父母身體很健康。That's a fine machine.那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器It's a fineday for a walk today.今天是散步的好時(shí)候。nice 主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有 &quo

13、t;美好"，"漂亮"的意 思，也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coatsare very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。 It's very nice of you. 你真好。good形容人時(shí)指“品德好",形容物時(shí)指“質(zhì)量好",是表 示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如： Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good.那輛紅色小汽車(chē)很好。(4)well只可用

14、來(lái)形容人的"身體好"，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也 能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如： I'm very well, thanks.我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well.我的朋友們歌唱得好。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1 .動(dòng)詞be的用法；2 .人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3 .名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法;4 .冠詞的基本用法；5 . There be 句型的用法。6 .本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；7 .本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)?？荚囆问娇梢允菃雾?xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子【中考范例】1. （2004 年北京市中考試題）

15、Mary, please show your picture.A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：d。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞 show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代 詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ)。2. （2004 年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題） orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A.A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案：d。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the o3. （2004 年哈爾濱市中考試題）-What the number of the girls in y

16、our class?-About twenty.A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞 be的用法和主謂一致。the number作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱， 動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s 。4. （2004 年陜西省中考試題）There a football match on TV this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是 There be句型和動(dòng)詞have 用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè) 人或物”，不

17、能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用。初一年級(jí)(下)【知識(shí)梳理】I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do one ' s homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast19. have lunch20.

18、have supper21. listen to22. not at all23. put away24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of theday28. in the morningafternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about somethi

19、ng to eat?6. How do you spell？7. May I borrow ？III.交際用語(yǔ)1. Thanks very much! You're welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. What's wrong?/4. I think so. I don'tthink so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK

20、.9. What's your favourite sport?10. Don't worry.1. .I ' m (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. That's right./ That 's all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary/ anydictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I don ' t.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They don ' t

21、have any CDs.16. 一What day is it today / tomorrow?一It' s Monday.17. 一May I borrow your colour pens, please?-Certainly.Here youare.18. 一Where are you from?一From Beijing.19. What's your telephone number in New York?20. 一Doyou like hotdogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little./ A lot. / Very much.)一No, I don

22、't. ( I don'tlike them at all.)21. 一Whatdoes yourmother like?一Shelikes dumplingsand vegetables very much.22. 一When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.重要語(yǔ)法1 .人稱代詞的用法；2 .祈使句；3 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；

23、4 .動(dòng)詞have的用法；5 . 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；6 .可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】1. That's right./ That' s all right./ All right.That' s right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如："I think we must helpthe old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。”"That's right." 或"You're right.""說(shuō)得對(duì)&quo

24、t;。That' s all right. 意為“不用謝”、“沒(méi)關(guān)系”，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如："Many thanks." "That's all right." "Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."All right. 意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”"Please tell me about it.""請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。""Allri

25、ght.""好吧。Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you makea paper boat for me?你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎?He' s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay:是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說(shuō)由”、“說(shuō)道”，著重所說(shuō)的話。如：“I want to go there by bus ” , he said .他說(shuō)，“我

26、要坐汽車(chē)到那里去。" Please say it in English . 請(qǐng)用英 語(yǔ)說(shuō)。speak :“說(shuō)話”，著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞（即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ）。如：Canyou speak about him?你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況？I don ' t liketo speak like this.我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。speak作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì) 話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk :與speak意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重 所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只

27、用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別 人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it .我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell :“告訴”，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：He' s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not todo sth如：.Miss Zhao often tells us to

28、 study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù) 數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much 修飾。從 do some cooking 可 引由許多類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do someshopping 買(mǎi)些東西 do some reading 讀書(shū) do some writing 寫(xiě)些東西 do some fishing 釣魚(yú)從以上短語(yǔ)可引申由另一類(lèi)短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much或定冠詞。go sho

29、pping去買(mǎi)東西 go fishing 去釣魚(yú) go boating 去戈U船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 與like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常 性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesn 't like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the

30、other/ anotherother 表其余的， 別的, 如：Have you any other questions? 你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎？others 別的人, 別的東西.如:In the room somepeople areAmerican, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人，其他的是法國(guó)人。the other 表另一個(gè)（二者之中） one，the other 如： One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese. 我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文 ，另一個(gè)學(xué) 中文。anot

31、her 表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些如：There is room foranother few books on the shelf.書(shū)架上還可以放點(diǎn)書(shū)。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 與on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹(shù)上”但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree 表示某人、某事（不屬于樹(shù)本身 生長(zhǎng)生的別的東西）落在樹(shù)上，表示樹(shù)的枝、葉、花、果等 長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上時(shí)， 要使用 on the tree. 如：There are some apples on the tree.那棵樹(shù)上有些蘋(píng)果。There is a bird in thetr

32、ee.那棵樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。8. some/ anysome和any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但 有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。（1）some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。 如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中，或在表示 請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，我們依然用some如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high(1)說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹(shù)木等有生

33、命的東西，主要用 tall ,不用 high ,例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女 a tall horse 一 個(gè)高大的馬(2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用 high ,而不 用tall ,比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如：He ishigh up in the tree.他高高地爬在樹(shù)上。The plane isso high in the sky.飛機(jī)在空中這么高。 指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以，不過(guò)high的程 度比tall 高。high 可作副詞，tall不能。tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10. can/ coul

34、d(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做 某種動(dòng)作的"能力"。例如：Can you ride a bike?你會(huì)騎自行車(chē)嗎 ？What can I do foryou ?要幫忙嗎？ Can you make a cake ?你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？ (2) can 用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的"懷疑""猜測(cè)"或不肯定。例如：Where can he be ?他會(huì)在什么地方呢？ Can the news be true ?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？It surely can't be six o'clock

35、 already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？You can't be hungry so soon, Tom you've just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。What can he mean ?他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示"允許"，may比較正式。例如：You can come in any time. 你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。一 Can I use your pen ?我能用你的鋼筆嗎？一 Ofcourse , you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat , I'm going

36、 now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。 couldcould是can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性（在 否定和疑問(wèn)句中）O例如：The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。 例如：Could I speak to John ,

37、please ?我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎？Could you ?在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如： Could you wait half an hour ?請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Could youplease ring again at six ? 六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？ can 的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can和過(guò)去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在 和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包 括將來(lái)時(shí)）須用 be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如： They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。11. look for/ fin

38、dlook for意為“尋找"，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如： She can ' t find her ruler. 她 找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch , but he can ' t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺(jué)”；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了” 。如： 一What are the children d

39、oing in the room?孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？-They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺(jué)。The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften 表示"經(jīng)常"，sometimes表示"有時(shí)候”，在表示發(fā)生 頻率上 often 要高于 usually , usually 要高于 sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be 動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要

40、加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early. 有時(shí)，我睡覺(jué)很 早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14. How much/ How manyhow much常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格，常見(jiàn)句式是Howmuchis / are ？How much is the skirt?這條裙子多少錢(qián)？How much arethe bananas?這些香蕉多少錢(qián)？how much后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“

41、多少how many 后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want?你要多少肉呀？How manystudents are there in your class?你們班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at be good for 表示"對(duì)有好處"，而 be bad for 表示"對(duì)有害"；be good to表示"對(duì)友好"，而be bad to表示"對(duì)不好"；be good at 表示”擅長(zhǎng)，在方面做得好"，而be bad

42、 at表示"在方面做得不好"。如： Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)畫(huà)，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16. each/ everyeach和every都有"每一個(gè)"的意思，但含義和用法不相同。 each從個(gè)體著眼，every從整體著眼。each可用于兩者或 兩者以上，eve