if引導的虛擬條件句

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣- if 引導的虛擬條件句引導的虛擬條件句 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣(if 條件句條件句) If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job. If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job. 真實條件句：對現(xiàn)有事實的一種陳述，使用的是真實條件句：對現(xiàn)有事實的一種陳述，使用的是陳述語氣）陳述語氣）-表達一種看法（工作條件狀況未知）表達一種看法（工作條件狀況未知）非真實條件句非真實條件句-虛擬語氣）表達一種假設（與事實相虛擬

2、語氣）表達一種假設（與事實相反反-工作條件已經(jīng)很糟糕了）工作條件已經(jīng)很糟糕了）If 引導的虛擬條件句的三種類型引導的虛擬條件句的三種類型 帶帶if的虛擬條件句的虛擬條件句 省略省略if的虛擬條件句的虛擬條件句 隱藏隱藏if的虛擬條件句的虛擬條件句、帶if的虛擬條件句 If she invited me, I would go to the party. If she had invited me yesterday, I would have gone to the party. If she should invite me tomorrow, I would go to the party

3、. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反：與現(xiàn)在事實相反：if條件句用一般過去時（動詞條件句用一般過去時（動詞be用用were）主句用主句用would(should/could/might)+動詞原形動詞原形 I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. If you could bear the loneliness, you might succeed. If we hadnt made adequate preparations, the party wouldnt

4、 have been so successful. The flood might have caused great damage to the people, if we hadnt built so many dams . 與過去事實相反：與過去事實相反：if 條件句中用過去完成時主句用would（should/could/might）+have+過去分詞。與將來事實相反與將來事實相反(推測將來推測將來)：if 條件句中用過去時，或should/were to+動詞原形，主句用would (should/could/might)+動詞原形。 If she were here this e

5、vening, we would go shopping. If Mary were to marry Jack, she would be happy. If she should know it, she would tell me. (But I doubt)與將來事實相反時從句中的三種謂語與將來事實相反時從句中的三種謂語v變形：變形： 一般過去時 were + to do Should/could do 注：這三種均可用，不同的是在表示推測將來的時候，可能性的程度不同。 If it snowed tomorrow, I should / would stay at tomorrow.（

6、常用形式） If it were to snow tomorrow, . If it should snow tomorrow, 可能性較小可能性較大.虛擬條件句中if的省略或隱藏 1.省略if 的虛擬條件句 隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句-無“條件”的虛擬語氣句子1. 省略if 的虛擬條件句(主要用于書面語) 在虛擬條件句中，有時可將引導虛擬條件句的連詞if省略，但此時應用倒裝倒裝句型，即將從句中的were, should, , had 等提到句首。 1. 省略if 的虛擬條件句 如果她在這里，她也同意的。 If she were here, she would agree too. Were s

7、he here, she would agree too. 假若明天下雨，我們只好推遲這場比賽。 If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. 要是我們當時早點找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。 If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. Had we found him earlier we could have sav

8、ed his life 1. 省略if 的虛擬條件句的否定式 注意，如果條件從句的謂語為否定式，其中的否定詞not應置于主語之后應置于主語之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt而置于句首。 我如不是警告了你，你就可能喪命了。 If I hadnt warned you, you could have been killed. Had I not warned you, you could have been killed. 2. 隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句-無“條件”的虛擬語氣句子 “無條件”指的是句子表層沒有通常使用的if 引起

9、的表示條件的句子。其深層結構或是上下文中還是有條件的。 這種條件可以用介詞、名詞、連詞、分詞短語、動詞不定式、定語從句、祈使句或是上下文等表示出來，用的是跳層或間接的方式。 表示“無條件”的連詞有with， without，but for/ but that-clause/ but, or/or else/otherwise, even , in case of，what if(如果將如何)。這種句子往往是有主句而無從句。2.隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句 1）介詞： prep.-phrase： With better equipment, we could have done it better.

10、 (對過去事實的假設) Under such circumstances, I would probably have done the same. In the absence of the keeper, the house would have been burned down.2.隱藏隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句的虛擬條件句 2) n. A gentleman wouldnt have said so. (n.= If he had been/were a gentleman) Your refusal would make him sad. (n.=if you should refus

11、e)2.隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句 3)conj. But for your help we couldnt have succeeded. (要不是) She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise, she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. (otherwise= or/or else) My mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch cold. (以防, 以免)2.隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句 4) 分詞短語： Given more time, we

12、 would do it better.(再給些時間) The same thing, happening in war time, would amount to disaster. Failing this time, what would you do？2. 隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句 5) 動詞不定式短語動詞不定式短語： I should be happy to go with you. To have studied harder, you would have passed the exam. 3. 隱藏 if 的虛擬條件句 6）祈使句）祈使句 Give him an inch an

13、d he would want a foot.Exercises：1. He must have had an accident, or he then_. A would have been here B should be here C had to be here D would be there2. Given more time and money, he _ better than what it is. A. did B. have done C. could have done D. would do3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor(律師)，he _ able to advise yo