介詞的考點(diǎn)歸納

1、介詞的考點(diǎn)歸納： 重點(diǎn)記憶一些方位介詞、時(shí)間介詞、方式介詞及一些介詞短語 介詞是一種虛詞， 它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分， 必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的 其他詞類、短語或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能擔(dān)任句子成分。一、 介詞的種類和介詞短語的用法 1 介詞的種類 介詞由詞形上可分為簡(jiǎn)單介詞和短語介詞。 簡(jiǎn)單介詞知識(shí)一個(gè)單詞，如： in，on，after 等。短語介詞是由兩個(gè)以上單詞集合而成，如如: out of, in fron t of, because o, in stead of 等。2介詞短語的用法 作定語 介詞短語作定語時(shí)，一律后置。The book on the desk in mi ne桌子

2、上的書是我的。He bought a house of five rooms他 買了一所有五個(gè)房間的房子。A gen tlema n in white came into the hall 一 個(gè)身穿白衣的紳士走進(jìn)了大廳。 作狀語介詞短語作狀語時(shí)， 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。 Classes begin at eight. 修飾動(dòng)詞八點(diǎn)鐘開場(chǎng)上課。Jane looks young for her age. 修飾形容詞珍妮看起來比她的實(shí)際年齡年 輕。 The school is not far from my house. 修飾形容詞學(xué)校離我家不遠(yuǎn)。To my surprise, Li

3、 Ming passed the exam at all. 修飾全句 使我吃驚的是， 李明居 然考試及格了。 作表語He is in dan ger他處于危險(xiǎn)之中。We are against/for you我們反對(duì) /支持你。It was because of the heavy rain, wouldn 'o out.因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)大雨，我們出不去了。 作賓語補(bǔ)足語Make yourself at home放松一些，就和在你自己家一樣。We made him out of dange我們使他脫離了危險(xiǎn)。二表示時(shí)間的介詞表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用 at， in， on表示時(shí)間的前后用 in，

4、 before， after表示期限等用 by， until ， till表示期間等用 for， during， through 表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)等用 from， since 表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過等用 in， within 1at、in、on 用在時(shí)間上的區(qū)別:A. at + 鐘點(diǎn)/時(shí)間點(diǎn) /時(shí)間某一時(shí)刻(at 9:00, at lunch, at breakfast, at noon, at night, at that time, at the moment)B. in + 某年/某月/某年某月/某個(gè)季節(jié) /某個(gè)世紀(jì) /泛指的早上 /下午/晚上 in the morning in the afte

5、rnoon in the evening in the 21st century in September ; in May in1995 in the holiday in summerC. on + 日期/星期/具體的某一天 / 具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on Monday on Tuesday morning on May 4th on a cold night on a sunny morningon the night of July the first 在七月一日的夜晚注意：表示時(shí)間的名詞前有this, last, next, every等修飾時(shí)，其前面不加介詞。 this

6、morni ng 今天早上；last Mon day 上周一； every week 每周 穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：選擇用 at、in、on 填空：2 2005 the afternoon6winter the 21st century1 10:403June 3, 2021 45May, 20217Friday 89 a hot summer night 10. Saturday morning 2in、after、before 用在時(shí)間上的區(qū)別：A. in在后in 與將來時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示 “過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的 詞語。He will be back in two months.B.

7、 after 在后After 與過去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語。After 與將來時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語。He will arrive after four o 'clock.He returned after a month.She went to Nanjing last May, and she came back after a month.C. before 在前Wash your hands before dinner.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：選擇用 in、 after 填空：1Her father came back from France two yea

8、rs.2 My parents went to Shanghai yesterday and they will return to Guangzhou three days.3. by，until/till 區(qū)別A. by在前時(shí)間；截止到.How many En glish books had you read by the end of last year 到去年年底以前你看 過多少本英文書？She had left by the time I arrived 我到時(shí)之前她已經(jīng)走了。例：by the end of在,底之前by then到那時(shí)by the time+從句 在,之前B. un

9、til/till直到為止時(shí)間He didn't go to sleep until/till 12 last night.We didn 'btegin to watch TV until/till nine o'clock.，during ，through 區(qū)別A. for 達(dá) 之久表示經(jīng)過了多少時(shí)間 可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用，但經(jīng)常和完成時(shí)連用。He has lived here for 20 years他 在這兒已經(jīng)住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days. 我們要在這座城市呆兩天。B. during 在

10、 期間 （后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞 ）they are going to have a good rest duri ng the summer holiday暑假中他們打算好好 休息一下。C. through 一直 從開場(chǎng)到完畢They played the cards through the nigh 他們打了一整夜的牌。He stayed in London through the win ter他整個(gè)冬天都待在倫敦。5. from ，since 區(qū)別A. from 從起時(shí)間 表示 從開場(chǎng)"時(shí)，一般都是用詞組from,to,The meeting will be held fro

11、m eight to ten這個(gè)會(huì)議將從 8 點(diǎn)開到 10 點(diǎn)。B. since自從以來表示從以前某時(shí)一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)后 跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)I have been sick since yesterday.Tom has played the piano since January.6. in， withinA. in過后未來時(shí)間大多用在將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)。in an hour 一小時(shí)之后in a week or so大約一星期之后he will be back in five hours .他五小時(shí)之后回來。They said they would arrive here i

12、n a week他 們說他們一周后到達(dá)。B. within 不超過 的范圍 強(qiáng)調(diào)“在, 時(shí)間之內(nèi)，沒有時(shí)態(tài)的限制within 3 hours 3 小時(shí)之內(nèi)；within a week 周之內(nèi) I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.三表示方位介詞表示場(chǎng)所的介詞： at, in, on, under, over, below, near, between, around 表示方向的介詞：into, out of, along, across through, up, past1. at, i n, onat 一般指小地方at scho

13、ol； at home； stand at the doo； at a factory； at the bus stop at the stationin 一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)in Beijing ； in the world ； in China ； in the street; in bed; in the yardon往往表示 在某個(gè)物體的外表。on the desk on the map； on the screen on the river； on the farm； on the floor穩(wěn)固練習(xí)He arrivedShan ghai yesterday.They arri

14、ved at avillage before dark. There is a big holethe wall.The teacher put up a picturethe wall.2. on、above、over、below、under 這些方位介詞的區(qū)別：on在上面與外表接觸There are two maps on the wall.above在上面，表示在外表不接觸的上方，不一定是正上方。Our pla ne flew above the clouds.over在上面，表示外表不接觸的上方，指垂直在上的正上方。There is a light over Li Ming.below

15、在下面，指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，其反義詞是above oThere are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.under指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反義詞是over。The dog is un der the table.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：選擇用 on、above、over、below、under填空：1. They will build a new bridgethe river near our school.2. Be careful! A snake is lyingthe ground!3.

16、Villages, rivers, lakes are becoming smaller and smallerthe plane.4. After he got up, he didn ' t find his shoesthe bed.5. Today is a nice day. You can see blue sky and white cloudsour heads.3. along, cross, across, through, over, past, pass 的用法區(qū)別：along 介詞。意思是 沿著"I was walking along the riv

17、er when it began to rain. cross動(dòng)詞。意為 越過、渡過、橫穿、橫渡"(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert)across介詞。表示從一邊到另一邊，在事物的外表橫過"、越過"(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert)through介詞。表示從內(nèi)部空間 穿過"、通過"(city, park, forest, win dow, door)over介詞。意思是 越過"。從物體的一邊到另一邊The dog jumps

18、over the fen ce.We climb over the mountain at last.pass動(dòng)詞 經(jīng)過"門外經(jīng)過I pass the parkpast介詞 經(jīng)過門外經(jīng)過Every day he runs past the city hall.I walk past the park.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：選擇cross、across或through填空：1. The girl helped the old man walkthe road.2. The children walkedthe door one by one into the cinema.3. The car r

19、anthe bridge and turned right into a park.4. A beautiful river runsour home town.5. He could swimthe river when he was young.6. When the sunshine wentthe window into his bedroom, he finished writi ng his book in the end.7. Don' tthe busy street when the traffic light is red.8. She asked her litt

20、le son not tothe river because it was raining hard.9. The dog ranthe grass.10. The boy swamthe river.11. They walkedthe forest.12. I pushedthe crowds.4.i n front of, i n the front of 區(qū)另 Sin fron t of表示 在某人或某物的前面"，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in the fro nt of表示 在的前部，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)。There are some tall trees in front of the

21、buildi ng.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)1. Peter isme.2. There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.3. There is a lake in front of our classroom.4. The teacher's desk is in the front of the classroom .5. between , among, around 的區(qū)別：A. between在兩者之間What' the

22、 differenee between A and B?My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.B. among后接人或物必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上，在一群、一組或一個(gè)整體中間。There is a beautiful house among the trees.He is very popular among the stude nts.C. around環(huán)繞，在 周圍，在 四周We sat around the table.穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：選擇 between, among, around 填空：1. Miss Li always standsthe st

23、udents and teaches them how to learn En glish.2. We watched a football matchJapan and China yesterday.3. She is a girl with few wordsher classmates.4. I saw him standingthe people and sang songs for them.5. The man has to flyGuangzhou and Shanghai.6. There is a low wallthe two rooms.7. The earth mov

24、esthe sun.8. There are many treesthe house.四、其他介詞1 .表示手段和材料的介詞 with , in , byA. in +語言/墨水/顏色/聲調(diào)用in時(shí)，后面加物質(zhì)名詞，不能加冠詞。She wrote a letter in black ink.Don 'write it in pen cil but in ink.Can you speak in En glish?B. with +工具用工具用“with'時(shí)，后面的名詞要加上冠詞或代詞。Li Li cut her hand with a knife.He wrote the le

25、tter with his new penC. by +方式用方式交通工具 by car by bus 一些固定的用法，如：in a way 在某種程度上in a + adj. + way 以方式in this / that way 用這種/那種方式in the way 擋路by the way 順便問問穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：選擇介詞in、by、with填空：1. Don' t talk to the old manthis way.2He likes drawing pictures a pencil.3 the way, could you tell me how I can get to t

26、he zoo?4 We can improve our English listening to some English radioprogrammes.5He told her she could work out the problem a clever way6She was asked to sing a song English.2except/ except for/ besides 的區(qū)別A. except 除了之外同一類別比擬，但排除在外，后跟短語、從句B. except for除了“之外"不同類別比擬，排除在外C. besides “除了 之外還有包括在內(nèi)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)

27、作用 , 用法近似 as well as穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：用介詞 except/ except for/ besides 填空：1I want to buy some food, some drinks some small presents for thecoming Children ' s Day.2Everyone is here a boy called Jim.3All of our students Peter can work out this problem though Peter is weakin math.4There is nothing in the box a

28、letter.5His article is very good a few spelling mistakes.五、介詞短語介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞或名詞相結(jié)合后，形成復(fù)合詞，有特定的意思。如下：1. 動(dòng)詞 +介詞look up查看，查字典；look at注視；look for尋找play with sth.玩某物玩耍； think of想起，想到；hear from sb收到某人的信；talk about sth談?wù)撃呈?；talk to/with sb.和某人談?wù)摚籰isten to 傾聽 call on sb拜訪某人；arrive at/in 到達(dá)； take care of照顧；wait f

29、or 等待；agree with 同意(某人)arrive at(in)至U達(dá)；ask for 詢 問；begin with 從開場(chǎng)；believe in 相信 ；break into 闖入；break off 打斷；break out爆發(fā)； break up 關(guān)系破裂；bring down 降低；bring in 弓 I進(jìn)；bring up 教 育，培養(yǎng) build up 建立； call back 回 ； call for 要求約請(qǐng)； call in 召來； call on 拜 訪 訪問； care for 喜歡； carry on 繼續(xù)開展 ；carry out 實(shí)行開展； check

30、out 查明 結(jié) 帳； clear up 整理，收拾；come about 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 come across (偶然 )遇見；come out 出來 ；come to 共計(jì)至U達(dá)；comparewith 與比擬； compare to比作；cut off 切斷；depend on依靠；dream of 夢(mèng)想；fall off 下降；fall over 跌 倒 ； get through 通過 ； give in 讓步，屈服； give out 分發(fā)； give up 放棄 ； go abroad 出國 ；go through 瀏覽 grow up 生長(zhǎng)； hear about聽說 ；lead

31、 to 導(dǎo) 致 live on 靠 為生 ； look down upon 看不起； look forward to 盼望 ； look out 留神；look(a) round 仔細(xì)查看；set up建立；show off 炫耀；shut up 住 口 ; speed up加速；stick to 堅(jiān)持；think of 考慮，想起；try out 試驗(yàn)；turn down 調(diào) 低； turn off 關(guān)掉 ； worry about 擔(dān)憂2. Be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞be kind to 對(duì)某人親切； be good at 在, 做得好；擅長(zhǎng)于； be late for 遲到； be afra

32、id of害怕；be sorry for sth為,抱歉；be absent from缺席；be proud of 以 為 自豪； be found of 喜歡； be full of 充 滿 be interested in 對(duì) 有興 趣 ； be confident in 對(duì) 有 信 心 ； be short of 缺 乏 ； be tired of 厭 惡 ； be proud of 對(duì)感到驕傲 be worried about 為擔(dān)憂 be aware of 意識(shí)到； be busy with 忙于（某事） ； be different from 和不同 be famous for 因

33、而知名3. 介詞 +名詞1）英語中有大量成語由介詞構(gòu)成，單是一些常用介詞就可構(gòu)成大量成語：at:at a stretch一連，連續(xù)地；at a time 一次，每次；at ease稍息，安心；at first 最 初，開場(chǎng)時(shí) ；at heart在內(nèi)心；at home在家，隨便 ；at last最后at least至少；at length最后,詳細(xì)地；at most至多； at once立即，同時(shí) at peace（war）處于和平（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）狀態(tài)；at play（work）在玩耍（工作）at present現(xiàn)在， 目前；at the risk of 冒 的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ；at the same time

34、與此）同時(shí) at the start一開 頭； at the time 此刻，這時(shí) ；by accident 偶然； by air 航空；by all means想一 切方法；by bus （plane, etc）坐巴士（飛機(jī)等）by chanee偶然；by cheque用支票； by mistake錯(cuò)誤地，誤把 by surprise突然，出其不意 ；by the way順便說一 in a sense從某種意義上說；in advanee事前 ； in all總共 in case要是，女口果； in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中 in debt 負(fù)債 ； in demand 有需求 in deta

35、il 詳細(xì) 地 ； in fact 實(shí)際上 ； in general 一般說來 ； in one'ospinion 在（某人 ）看來 in part（s） 局部地 ； in person 親自 ； in public（private） 公開（私下）地 in regard to 關(guān) 于 ； in the end 最后 ； in the middle of 在中間； in time 及時(shí)地，經(jīng)過一段時(shí) on fire 著火 ；on foot 步行 ；on holiday 在休假；on purpose成心地 ；on sale在 出售 ； on the contrary相反；on the wa

36、y在路上 ；on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) on the top of 在 上面； out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)； out of doors 在戶外； out of fashion 不時(shí) 新out of reach無法得到（拿到）；out of work失業(yè)練習(xí)題() 1 -When did your uncle arrive China?-He got to Guangzhou the morning of the 16th of April.A at; in Bin; in Cto; on Din; on() 2 It is believed that December 21st, 1891

37、, the first basketball gamein history was played.A on Bin Cat Dby() 3 You can improve your English practising more.A by BwithCof Din() 4 This is a difficult problem, but the same time it is veryinteresting.A in BatCon Dfor() 5I couldn ' t do it your great help. Thanks a lot!A withB withoutCforDt

38、o穩(wěn)固練習(xí)：() 1 - When did you arrive Guangzhou?- I got here the rainy night of the 10th of March.A at; inBin; inCto; onDin; ons bad for his() 2 He often gets up late and goes to school breakfast. Ithealth.A withBwithoutChave D haven't() 3 After he went the forest, he got a beautiful village.A past;

39、to Bacross; toCthrough; to Dcross; at() 4 - How soon will your mother come back?- She said she would return two hours.A after BinCduringD for() 5 - Listen! Someone is knocking the door. Who is it?- Maybe it ' s my friend Mary.AatBinCbyDfor() 6 - Did the children have a good time the summer holid

40、ays?- Of course! And they returned the end of last month.A on; on Bat; at Cduring; by D during; at() 7 - Tomorrow there will be a football match our school and No.6Middle School.- Yes, we are all very excited because it is the last match the twenty schoolteams.Abetween; amongBamong; betweenCboth; be

41、tweenDamong; of() 8 the age of 20, his father bought a new car him.A At; toBAt; forCBy; to DIn; for( ) 9. Children get gifts Christmas and their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( )10.There is nothing tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C.

42、 out D. up()11. A lot of students in our school were born March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since( )12. He suddenly returned a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during()13. My grandfather was born Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of()14. The train is starting _ five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.

43、still()15. Mike does his exercises seven the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on()16. The population of the world has grown very fast four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past ()17. We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last w

44、eek D. for a week ()18. Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last yearD. on the last year( )19. Children wake up very early the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at( )20. a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. In B. On C. At D. F

45、or 13.()21.It happened to be very cold the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of()22. Why did you get up so early _ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in介詞專題練習(xí)( )1. Children get gifts Christmas and their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on()2.There is nothingtomorrow afte

46、rnoon, is there? -No. We can have a gameof table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up()3. A lot of students in our school were born March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since()4. He suddenly returned a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during( )5. My grandfather was born Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D.

47、of()6. The train is starting _ five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. still()7. Mike does his exercises seven the evening. A. on; to B. at; inC. by; of D. at; on()8. The population of the world has grown very fast four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past()9. We retur

48、ned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week()10. Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last yearD. on the last year( )11. Children wake up very early the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at( )12. a cold

49、winter morning, I met her in the street.A. In B. On C. At D. For()13. It happened to be very cold the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of()14. Why did you get up so early _ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in()15. He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning

50、 last year.( )A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in()16. Lucy was born the night of May 12, 1984. A. on B. in C. at D. to()17. Mrs Brown came to China 1996. A. on B. of C. to D. in()18. _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show themourning _ Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In;

51、of . C. On; for D. At; for()19. Ann moved _ Hangzhou _ September, 1992.A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in()20. They started off _ an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on( )21. He often goes school six thirty the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to()22. He a

52、rrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5.A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on()23. The English teacher told me to get there half past ten.A: in B. at C. on D. of()24. The children get up _ 6 o'clock. A. at B. on C. during D. in()25. The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without()26. I worked on the problem a long time and I worked it out myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the()27. A new factory will be set up_ a year. A. for B. in C. after D. on()28. Two years_ he began to write