人教版高中虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解及試題(附有答案)

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解及練習(xí).非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬情況句型條件從句主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬were/didshould/would/could/might+v.對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬had doneshould/would/could/might+ have+done對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬1.were/did2.were to3.should+v.Should/would/could/might+v.1 .與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件e.g. If I were you, I would go at once.If I had HIV , I would know because I would feel sick.2 .與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 e

2、.g. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.If she had told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.3 .與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 e.g. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.If we were to panic（受驚，驚慌）,we should not

3、 be able to help.4 .混合時(shí)間條件句：主從句不一定用指同一時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞。即:假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做混合虛擬 語(yǔ)氣（錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。e.g. If you that late movie last night, you wouldn t be so sleepy.A.haven' t watchedB.didn' t watchC. hadn' t watchedD.wouldn' t watchedIf Paul had received six more v

4、otes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teacher ' s advice, you wouldn ' t be in the hospital.e.g If I had gone to a key university, I would earn more money now.5 .含蓄條件句：有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過(guò)條

5、件從句表示而含蓄在介詞短語(yǔ)或上下 文中。without和but for （要不是）構(gòu)成虛擬。e.g Without （ but for ） the party, we wouldn t be so happy.We might have died without your help.= We might have died if you hadn't helped us.（2） otherwise , or （否則, 要不然）=if note.g. He studies very hard, or/otherwise he couldin t study so well.I was b

6、usy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. =If I had not been so busy last week, I would have come to see you.（3 ） if only后加句子要是就好了”注意：“if only”e.g. If only I could learn English in one day.If only it wasn' t raining.If only Jim had passed the exam.If only Sam would reply to my lette

7、r.6.假設(shè)虛擬條件倒裝。條件從句中有 shouid,were,had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，可以把 if省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提到句首If I were you, I would give it up. W Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldn' t have got over the difficulties.Were not for your advice, we couldn ' t have got over the difficulties二.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。1. w

8、ish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去日w （ were/did）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（dad done）would/could/might+V. should（不常用）（現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：e.g.I wish I could buy a spaceship some day. I wish that he wasni t so lazy.The exhibition was so bored that I wish I had not gone to it.現(xiàn)在:過(guò)去:未來(lái):過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)2. would rather（that）+從句，表示 愿望”的虛擬would rather （that） +

9、 主語(yǔ) +e.g. I would rather you had gone there.（f過(guò)去相反） 你要是去那里就好了。I would rather you stayed at home nowJ|f現(xiàn)在）I would rather you could go to America tomorrow.3. 用于表示意愿，建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，提議等動(dòng)詞后的that賓語(yǔ)從句中，用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形,這類動(dòng)詞有 ：ask, advise, arrange（安NE）, beg, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, insist （堅(jiān)持要求，

10、硬要）,intend, propose, object（反對(duì)）,order, require, request, suggest健議）一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即1.insist 2. order,command 3. advise, suggest, propo4edemand , require, request, desire e.g. She advised that we should keep the door locked.He suggests that she should leave the dangerousouse at once. His face su

11、ggested that he was angry（S） He insisted that he was innocent（稱，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)）He insisted that she (should) show him her passport.3 .用于主語(yǔ)從句中。(1) It ' s necessary /strangetural/ important + that-Clause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即(should) +動(dòng)詞原形Eg.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange th

12、at she refuse to come to the party.It ' s necessary that we should study hard.(2) It s+ a pity / a shame +that clause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即(should) +動(dòng)詞原形e.g Its a pity that I should miss the film.(3) It s + p.p + thatclause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即(should) +動(dòng)詞原形，其中的p.p為建議，要求，命令的 動(dòng)詞。如：insisted ,ordered ,requested ,requ

13、ired ,demanded etc.e.g It was ordered that the old sick man (should) be sent to the hospital at once.4 .用于表語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)為表示建議。要求，命令等的名詞 如：insistence, order ,advice ,suggestion ,proposal ,reqiremer#e.g My suggestion is that English test( should) be read aloud by students every morning.5 .用于同位語(yǔ)從句e.g His sugg

14、estion that students should wear school uniform has been agreed.6 .用在as if(as though)導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ))從句中，動(dòng)詞形式和wish賓語(yǔ)從句的形式相同。一r現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去時(shí)as if /though +主語(yǔ) + J過(guò)去：過(guò)去完成時(shí)1將來(lái)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)e.g. You are talking as if you had seen them.He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.She looks as if she would cry.七.用在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)+sho

15、uld+V.(should不能省略)It is (about/high) time that主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)e.g. It is time that you should have a class.=It is time that you had a class.可該上課了（早該上課了，你怎么還不去？）It is time for you to have a class.上課了 .（上課的時(shí)間到了 .）It is time that you should leave. =It is time you left.八.應(yīng)用舉例：1. Did you submit（遞交）your application

16、 for a Master s degree頓士學(xué)位）?Not yet. If I to see my father, I would have.”A. didn ' t go B. haven' t gone C.wouldn ' t have gone D. hadn ' t gone2. Why didn ' t Tom give you one of his paintings?I didn ' t want one, but he would have given me on e.A. Do B. would C. will D.had

17、3. Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?No, if he had, I don believe broken the living room window.A. Would he have B. he had C.he would have D. he has4.1 ' d have told you.A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known itC.Had I know itD. Should I know it5. I come yesterda

18、y, but I couldn ' t.A.was to have B. must C.ought D.have to6. It is raining, and I have no umbrella.Here ' s mine, and I insist it.A.you to take B. that you take C.that you taking D.you taking7. The professor gave orders that the test before 5:30.A.be finished B.will finish C.will be finishe

19、d D.shall finish8. I must go there earlier. John has suggestedthat I an hour before the discussion begins.A.go B.shall goC. will go D. would go9. I didn ' t go to the party, but I do wish I there. A. Was B.were C.had been D.went10. She speaks as if she on the spot.A.was B. were C. had been D.is1

20、1. If I ten years younger, I very happy.A.were, would be B.am, shall be C. were, shall be D. am, would be12. You can ask your brother for help.He is not at home. If he, I. A.is, would B.were, would C.is, will D.were, will13. If you the doctor' s advice, you would have already recovered.A.followB

21、.followedC.would follow D.had followed14. If he had not missed the train, he by then.A.might get B.might have got C.got D.had got15. What would you have done last night, if you to write your homework.A.hadn t B.haven t had C. didn t have D.hadn t had16. Why didn t you tell him the truth? If I you, I

22、 would have.A.were B.had been C.am D.would be17. If you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A.have started B.were started C.were to start D.had started18. It was the drug ， not the disease， that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he that drug.A.not take B.shouldn t have

23、takenC.didn t takDe.hadn t taken18. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal（ 吃得飽 ）, though his parents feed him very well.A. get B. getting C. got D. should get20 . - Have you ever been to Beijing?- No, but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had21 .When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken22 .（2002 上海高考題）It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love， at the age of seven， with the Melinda