中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)：定語(yǔ)從句的精講與精練

1、定語(yǔ)從句的用法以和精練    一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念     在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。     二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞     引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。  &#

2、160;  三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類     根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。     四、關(guān)系代詞的用法     1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:    Mary likes music that is quie

3、t and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))     The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))     2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:     The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))   

4、;  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))     3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:     The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))     Who is the tea

5、cher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))     注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:     This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?    Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English

6、 novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。     (2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如:     This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。     (3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:     The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。  

7、   (4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:     a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:     He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。     b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.

8、例如:     Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?     c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:     This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。     d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用th

9、at, 而不用which.例如:     I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。     e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:     Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?     f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句

10、用that,而不用which.例如:     There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。     (5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:     a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:     Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?     b.關(guān)系代詞前

11、有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:     This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。     c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:     Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。     五、關(guān)系副詞的用法     (1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:  

12、   This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。     (2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:     This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。     (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如:     Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為

13、什么上學(xué)總遲到。     共2    I.單項(xiàng)填空。     1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father?     -Yes, hes our headmaster.     A. he B. who C. which D. whom     2. Is this the river _I can swim?     A. w

14、hich B. in which C. that D. the one     3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.     A. where B. which C. that D. it     4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?     A. that you bought B. you bought it     C. t

15、hat you bought it D. which you bought it     5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.     A. which agrees B. who agree     C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.     A. that B. it C. which who

16、    7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate     A. whos B. whose C. that of which.     8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.     A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was     9. I love places _th

17、e people are really friendly.     A. that B. which C. where D. who     10. The world _ is made up of matter.     A. in that we live B. on which we live     C. where we live in D. we live in     . 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。     1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.     2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.     3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.   &