代詞語法整理

1、代詞語法整理代詞的定義和特征代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語、分詞和句子的詞。1)Because he had a bad cold，Jack decided to stay in bed the whole day. (代詞he代替名詞Jack)2)The Browns said they might move to California. (代詞they代替名詞短語the Browns)3)Bob always answers his teachers questions well; that shows that he works very hard at home. (代詞that代

2、替前面的分句)代詞之間有兩點共同之處：第一，它們本身的詞義都很弱，必須從上下文來確定；第二，許多代詞都有兩種功用：一可單獨取代名詞的位置，二可起修飾語的作用。代詞的種類代詞可分為八類：1)人稱代詞 (personal pronoun)a)主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，theyb)賓格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them2)物主代詞(possessive pronoun)a)形容詞性物主代詞：my，your，his，her，its，our，your，theirb)名詞性物主代詞：mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，t

3、heirs3)反身代詞(reflexive pronoun)：myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，oneself4)相互代詞(reciprocal pronoun)：each other，one another5)指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun)：this，that，these，those，it，such，same6)疑問代詞(interrogative pronoun)：who，whom，whose，which，what7)關(guān)系代詞(relative pronoun

4、)：who，whom，whose，which，that，as8)不定代詞(indefinite pronoun)：some，something，somebody，someone，any，anything，anybody，anyone，no，nothing，nobody，no one，every，everything，everyone，everybody，each，much，many，little，a little，few，a few，other，another，all，none，one，both，either，neither一、人稱代詞1、人稱代詞的形式(見下表)2、人稱代詞的作用人稱代詞在句

5、子中可作主語、賓語、表語等。(1)人稱代詞作主語時用主格I lost my wallet in the park.(2)人稱代詞作賓語時用賓格I saw you in the street. (3)人稱代詞作表語時一般用賓格Who is knocking at the door？Its me. 3、在使用人稱代詞時有下面幾點注意:(1)we，you兩詞有時泛指一般人，指大家。You never know what may happen.(2)she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。I think Chinese will do what she promised to do.(3)I在并列

6、的主語中，總放最后。(4)it有許多用法(a)代表已提到過的一件事物。I love swimming. It keeps me fit.(b)當(dāng)說話者不知道對方的性別時，可用it來表示。Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl？ (c)可用來指帶時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。It is half past three now. (d)用于固定搭配中。Take it easy.walk it步行 make it辦成 take it out of somebody拿某人出氣二、物主代詞1、物主代詞的形式2、物主代詞的作用1)形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語。The ta

7、ll boy is my student.2)名詞性物主代詞(1) 作表語 Whose dictionary is this？Its mine. (2) 作主語 Our room is on the first floor and theirs is on the second. (3) 作賓語 You may use my pen. Ill use hers.(4)與of連用作定語He is a close friend of ours.三、反身代詞1、反身代詞的形式2、反身代詞的作用(1) 作賓語 I cant express myself in English. (2) 作表語 He i

8、s not quite himself these days. (3)作同位語反身代詞作同位語時，往往是用來加強名詞或代詞的語氣，應(yīng)重讀；在句中常置于名詞、代詞之后或句子末尾。The theory itself is all right. We had better ask the teacher herself about it. (5)偶爾用作主語 這種獨立使用的反身代詞語氣較強。Both my sister and myself were invited to the party.(6)用于固定習(xí)語 help oneself to，hurt oneself，enjoy oneself，d

9、ress oneself，by oneself，in oneself(本身)，between ourselves(私下說的話，不可告訴別人)四、相互代詞相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系。1、相互代詞的形式2、相互代詞的用法(1)相互代詞賓格用作賓語We can help each other.(2)相互代詞屬格用作定語We should point out each others shortcomings. 五、指示代詞指示代詞是用來指示或標(biāo)識人或事物的代詞。1、指示代詞的形式其他還有：such，so，same，it(指人用)2、指示代詞的用法(1)作主語 These arent my books. (2

10、)作賓語 She will do that. (3)作表語 My idea is this. (4)作定語 This book is about Chinese traditional medicine. (5)this和that有時可用作狀語，表示程度，譯為“這么”和“那么”The book is this thick.(6)that和those有時用來代表前面提到的東西，以避免重復(fù)這個名詞The weather in Han Dan is cooler than that in Guangzhou.(代替不可數(shù)名詞weather)The machines are better than t

11、hose we made last year.(代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)machines)My room was lighter than the one next door.(如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用the one來代替)六、疑問代詞1、疑問代詞的形式2、疑問代詞的用法1)who通常作主語和表語Who is on duty today？ 2)whom作賓語 Whom do you wish to speak to？With whom did you go？ (口語中說Who did you go with？更多一些。)3)whose、what、which這三個代詞可以用作(1) 主語 Whose is

12、better？What happened next？(2) 表語 Whose is it？Whats your father？ (3)賓語Whose are you going to borrow？ (4)定語Whose umbrella is this？ 七、關(guān)系代詞1、關(guān)系代詞的形式who，whom，whose，which，that是用來引起定語從句的。它一面代表定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞，一面又在從句內(nèi)擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分(通稱為先行詞)。2、關(guān)系代詞的用法1)who代表人，在從句中做主語或賓語。The girl who spoke is my best friend.Do you like

13、 the teacher who (whom) we talked with？ 2)whom代表人，在從句中作賓語。He is the man whom (who) you have been looking for. 3)whose代表某個人的，在從句中作定語。Do you know anyone whose family is in Xian？ 4)which代表事物，在從句中可以作主語和賓語。He told a story which moved us deeply. 5)that既代表人也代表物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語或表語。This is the plane that will f

14、ly to Tokyo in the afternoon.Fool that I was！ 八、不定代詞不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞，英語中不定代詞有：some(something，somebody，someone)，any(anything，anybody，anyone)，no(nothing，nobody，no one)，every(everything，everybody，everyone)，all，each，both，much，many，(a)little，(a)few，other(s)，another，none，one，either，neither等。1.不定代詞的

15、作用1) 作主語 Both(of us) are right.Either(of the answers) is correct.Neither(of the answers) is correct.Is everybody here？ Nothing special happened yesterday.All is going well.2) 作賓語 There is room for all of us. I like none of the booksIf you have any，give us some.3) 作表語 Thanks，its too much for me.Thats

16、 really something.4) 作定語 You may take either road. Everybodys business is nobodys business.人人都管等于沒人管。(諺)Please give another example to illustrate your point. 5)作同位語 We none of us said anything. Give them two each.2.不定代詞的用法比較1)all，every和each的比較all在表示抽象的整體概念時，作單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于everything:All was destroyed in the

17、 big fire. Grasp all，lose all.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。(諺)all指人時用作復(fù)數(shù)，意為指三者以上的“全部”、“全體”，相當(dāng)于everyone，例：All are present. She knows us all.all在人稱代詞前面，只能用all of，而且要與人稱代詞的賓格us，you，them等連用，如：all of us，而不能說成all us。every用于三個或三個以上的人或物，是“每一個”的意思，只能作定語，強調(diào)整體概念，例：Every player is present. They helped us in every way. 在表示“每個”、“

18、全體”意思時，every的意思與all很接近。但一般情況下every和單數(shù)名詞搭配，all和復(fù)數(shù)名詞搭配，例：Every child enjoys Christmas. All children enjoy Christmas. Each也是“每一個”的意思，但與every不同，each用于指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，著重于個別概念，例：Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella. Each book on this desk is worth reading.He gave three to each(of them).2)some

19、和any的比較不定代詞some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句中；而any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中，例：Have you any questions？ If there are any new magazines in the library，take some for me. 注意：在表示請求或建議，希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中，應(yīng)用some而不用any，例：Would you please give me some paper？Would you like some sugar？some還可用于盼望得到肯定答復(fù)的疑問句，如：Isnt

20、there some ink in that bottle？當(dāng)any表示“任何”或“無論哪一個”的意義時，可用于肯定句，此時any要重讀，例：Any one will do.任何一個都行。You may come at any time that is convenient to you.some，any和body，one，thing構(gòu)成合成代詞somebody，someone，something，anybody，anyone，anything等和some，any的基本用法一樣，由some構(gòu)成的合成代詞一般用于肯定句，由any構(gòu)成的合成代詞一般用于否定句和疑問句。如果要在疑問句中表示請求，建議

21、等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，須用somebody，someone或something。3)many、much和few、littlemany(很多)，few(很少)，a few(有幾個)是表示數(shù)的代詞，用以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；much(很多)，little(很少)，a little(有一些)是表示量的代詞，用以代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。a few和a little表示肯定的意義，而few和little則表示否定意義。這些詞一般作定語時較多，有時也可作主語、賓語，例：She has as many books as you. (定語)I have few books to lend you.Many have come to the meeting.He knows little about it.How much is it？注意：a lot(of)，plenty of等一類的短語相當(dāng)于many和much，可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名