上海版牛津英語高中一年級上S1unit1-Body-language輔導(dǎo)講義

1、.上海版牛津英語 S1A第一章詞語學(xué)習(xí)well-dressed adj. 穿著考究的 adv. - pp. (副詞加過去分詞) 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，在a well-dressed lady 中作定語修飾lady。類似的復(fù)合形容詞還有：. v.a well-known fact 眾所周知的事實 a newly-born baby 新生兒 hard-earned money 掙來不易的錢 a well-paid job 高收入的職業(yè). v.glance at掃視，一瞥，打量，匆匆一看 例如：He glanced at the directions about the computer and beg

2、an to play it. 他掃視了一下電腦的說明書就開始玩了起來。（vi.） 相似的詞組有：look at 看 stare at 盯著看 glare /gle/ at 瞪著眼看glance 也做名詞，例如：He is always so busy that he just takes a glance at the newspaper headlines. 他一直很忙，總是匆匆一瞥報紙的大標題。相關(guān)詞組有：give a glance at; take a glance at; throw a glance at 朝看一眼 at first glance 乍一看 例如：At first gl

3、ance she seemed beautiful.sigh v. & n. 嘆氣，嘆息 常用詞組： (v.) sigh deeply; sigh heavily 深深地嘆息 sigh with despair 絕望地嘆氣 (n.) breathe a sigh of relief; give a sigh of belief; let out a sigh of belief都表示“松了一口氣”senior adj. 年長的，級別高的 例如：a senior employee年長的雇員 a very senior cadre 級別很高的干部 senior middle school

4、高級中學(xué) senior position 高級職位反義詞：junior 初級的 junior middle school 初級中學(xué) a junior doctor 初級醫(yī)生be 句型：be senior to sb. 比級別高 be junior to sb. 比級別低prefer v. /prif:(r)/ (preferred, preferred) 更喜歡句型：prefer A to B 更喜歡A而不是B, 比B更喜歡A. v.prefer to do sth. 更喜歡做 prefer doing sth. 更喜歡做某事. v. prefer to do A rather than do

5、 B 比做B更喜歡做A prefer doing A to doing B比做B更喜歡做Athe way的方式 后面可以有三種形式來引導(dǎo)其定語從句。 例如：1. Thats the way he spoke. 那是他過去說話的方式。（直接跟主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句）2. Thats the way he did it. 那是他做此事的方式。 （跟用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句） 3. Thats the way in which you answered the question. 那是你回答問題的方式。 （用介詞+引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句）reston / against 把依靠在 例如： He reste

6、d his head on the dictionary. 他把頭靠在字典上。remark v. 談及，評論，注意 例如： He remarked, “This is a excellent composition.” 他評論說：“這是一篇好文章。” remark on; remark upon 評論，談?wù)摰?例如： How will you remark on my new coat" 你對我的新外套將如何評價.(n.) 注意，觀察，批評，備注He made a good remark about your show. 他對你們的表演作了好評。 impression n. 印象 i

7、mpress v. 給留下印象 impressive adj. 令人難忘的 例如：He made a good impression on all the classmates in the English lecture. 在英語演講中他給全班同學(xué)留下了很好的印象。 impress vt. He impressed her with his sincerity. = His sincerity impressed her. 他的真誠打動了她。 impressive adj. She was very impressive in the interview. 她在面試中表現(xiàn)得十分出色。remi

8、nd vt. 提醒句型：remind sb. remind sb. about sth. remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. of sth remind sb. that(賓語從句) 例如：He reminded me that I would have an appointment with the guest. 他提醒我記住與客人的約定。The beautiful song reminded me of my childhood. 拿手美妙的歌曲讓我想起了童年?；驹~組：. v.1. give sb. advice on sth. 給某人提建議2. colle

9、ge students 大學(xué)生3. in a school newspaper 在校報上4. part-time jobs 兼職工作  full-time jobs 全職工作5. travel agency 旅行社 6. more than 不僅僅是7. the expression on your face 你臉上的表8. look downwards 向下看9. feel welcome 受到歡迎10. go to sb. for assistance 向某人尋求幫助11. without hesitation 毫不猶豫12. communicate with body

10、 language 用肢體語言交流   communicate new ideas to sb 向某人傳遞新思想   communications satellite 通訊衛(wèi)星   Bank of Communications 交通銀行13. specific time 特定時間14. play a musical instrument 演奏樂器15. play the violin 拉小提琴16.be in hospital 住院17. accept an invitation 接受邀請18. badminton match 羽毛球

11、比賽19. best regards 良好的祝愿20. on a website 在網(wǎng)站上21. throughout the history of mankind縱觀人類歷史22. in many situations 在許多場合下23. the key to communication 交流的關(guān)鍵24. in Western cultures 在西方文化中25. maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流26. as a matter of fact 實際上27. show respect to 尊敬have respect for 尊敬 in many respects 在許

12、多方面respectable teacher 受人尊敬的老師be respectful to sb. 對某人彬彬有禮28. someone in authority 掌權(quán)的人 當權(quán)者29. skim the passage 瀏覽段落skim through (over ) the newspaper 瀏覽報紙30. glance at us 掃視我們31. sigh with relief 寬慰的嘆了口氣 sign deeply 深深地嘆息32. recover from ones illness 從疾病中恢復(fù)33. fax machine 傳真機34. live in the suburbs

13、 住在郊區(qū)   live in downtown areas 住在市區(qū)35. prepare the table 擺桌子36. meet sb. by chance 偶然見到某人37. maintain good discipline 維持良好紀律38. consider doing 考慮做某事   It is considerate of sb. to do sth. 某人很體諒地去做   a considerable amount of money 一大筆錢   considerate = thoughtful

14、 體諒他人的39. lack of common sense 缺乏常識   lack money （vt.）   be lacking in sth. 缺少（adj.）40. last for several days 持續(xù)幾天41. avoid making mistakes 避免犯錯誤. v.核心詞匯senior adj. 高級的；資深的appearance 外觀；面貌expressexpression 表達middle-aged 中年的part-time 兼職的，用業(yè)余時間的communicate v.交流，交際communication n. 交

15、流，交際opposite prep. 在的對面42. get down to 開始認真對待，靜下心greet 迎接cheerful 高興的employv. 雇傭 (employer 雇主, employee雇員)colleague 同僚；同事customer 顧客gesture 姿勢. v. v.Reading 課文中譯文肢 體 語 言讀讀校報上這個故事。黛比和西蒙是帶學(xué)生，他們在旅行社做兼職。他們正坐在辦公室里。 一位穿著講究的中年女士走進來，黛比和西蒙抬起頭。女士打量了他們一下，然后向黛比走過去。黛比高興地歡迎她，那位女士說道：“我要坐火車去。西蒙嘆息一聲，從書桌上拿起一些文件走到傳真機旁

16、。高級雇員楊先生正站在那兒，他說:“怎么了，西蒙.你看上去不太高興啊?！薄叭藗兛偸歉矚g黛比而不喜歡我。我想不明白?！蔽髅苫卮稹！拔抑?，那是因為你交流的方式問題?！薄霸趺磿?”西蒙問道。“我連與他們說話的機會都沒有?！薄敖涣鞑粌H僅指聽和說。你的肢體語言也是很重要的?！薄爸w語言.”“那是你的站、坐的方式，和你的手勢，你臉上的表情和眼神，你的整個外表都在傳遞信息。你看別人的方式?jīng)]給他們留下好的印象。譬如，你經(jīng)常用手托著頭，眼睛向下看，你從來也不微笑，你的頭和身體沒對著顧客?？纯戴毂龋е^，看著別人的眼睛，微笑著。你的肢體語言是在告訴別人請走開，而黛比的肢體語言讓別人感到他們是受歡迎的。所

17、以顧客愿意向她尋求幫助，而不喜歡找你。"從那以后，西蒙決定改進自己的肢體語言。他坐得很端正，微笑著面對別人。看起來似乎真起作用了。幾分鐘后，一位非常漂亮的女生走了進來。她先看看黛比，又看看西蒙，然后毫不猶豫地走到西蒙面前，沖他開心地笑。不久后，她離開了，臉上還帶著微笑。楊先生立刻走過來說：“你給她留下了很好的印象?！?quot;她是我的姐姐?！蔽髅苫卮穑八齺硖嵝盐颐魈焓撬?。"More ReadingEye contact詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1. signal 發(fā)出信號v.signal (to sb.) to make a movement or sound to give sb

18、a message, an order, etc.例如：Dont fire until I signal. Did you signal before you turned right"Heignaled to the waiter for the bill. v (that) 例如：She signaled (that) it was time to leave. v to inf 例如：He signaled to us to join him. vn to inf 例如：She signaled him to follow.v&

19、#160;wh-例如：You must signal which way you are going to turn.2. lack 缺乏n. U, sing. lack (of sth) the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth: 例如： a lack of food / money / skills ; The trip was cancelled through lack of (= because there was notenough) interest.; There wa

20、s no lack of volunteers.v. vn no passive to have none or not enough of sth: 例如：Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.He lacks confidence.She has the determination that her brother lacks.confusion n. 迷惑confusion (about / over sth) / confusion (as to sth) 例如：There is some

21、confusion about what the correct procedure should be.confusedadj.糊涂的，迷惑的 例如：People are confused about all the different labels（標簽） on food these days.Im confusedsay all that again.5. situation n.情況to be in a difficult situation;例如：You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.6

22、. last 延續(xù)linking verb v. (不用于進行時態(tài)) 例如：The meeting only lasted (for) a few minutes. Each game lasts about an hour. How long does the play last"7. maintain v. 保持to maintain law and order / standards / a balance 例如：The two countries have always maintained close relations.(2)n.

23、to keep a building, a machine, etc. in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly:The house is large and difficult to maintain.7. concentration n. 集中(1) U the ability to direct all your effort and attention on one thing, without thinking of other things例如：This book requires a great deal of

24、 concentration.Tiredness affects your powers of concentration.(2) U concentration (on sth) the process of people directing effort and attention on a particular thing:如： a need for greater concentration on environmental issues 詞匯擴充 concentratev. 集中concentrate (sth) (on sth / on doing sth) t

25、o give all your attention to sth and not think about anything elsev I cant concentrate with all that noise going on.I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.8. stare v. stare (at sb/sth) to look at sb/sth for a long time: 例如：I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.He

26、 sat staring into space (= looking at nothing).She looked at them with dark staring eyes.More Reading 中譯文眼神交流縱觀人類歷史，人們一直用肢體語言進行交流。在許多情況下，說話的方式比說話的內(nèi)容重要得多。有時眼神的交流是交際的關(guān)鍵。它可以表示友好或敵意，感興趣或感到厭倦，是理解或者是迷惑。在西方文化當中，談話中保持眼神的交流佷必要。事實上，西方人可能會認為缺少眼神的交流就是缺乏交流的興趣。在西班牙、意大利和希臘，人們交談時相互間站得很近，眼神的交流也更頻繁更持久。在許多亞洲國家中，避免眼神的交

27、流則表示的是尊敬。這發(fā)生在和有權(quán)的人或年長的人交談的時候。當人們不了解這種習(xí)慣時會導(dǎo)致問題的出現(xiàn)。比如，亞洲人可能會在聚精會神地聽人講話時合上眼睛或往下看，而在說話的西方人可能認為這人對談話不感興趣。眼神交流是微妙的事情，躲避眼神的交流可能會被認為是不禮貌的事，但死盯著別人看則會被認為是粗魯?shù)氖虑?，也?yīng)該避免。. v.高中教材的特點，介紹閱讀中略讀（skimming） 和掃讀（scanning）的含義與技巧.略讀是一種閱讀方式。當我們進行閱讀時，我們是在非?？焖俚亻喿x，目的是獲地閱讀材料的大概輪廓或意義。在略讀時，我們跳過不重要的部分。因此，我們通常只看題目和段落標題、附圖和圖表以及重要的句子

28、（一般是每個段落的第一句和最后一句）。略讀只需一二分鐘，它幫助我們獲得閱讀材料的大概輪廓并使我們更好地跟上作者的思路，它為我們更準確、更仔細的理解作者的思想做好了準備。當我們在掃讀一篇閱讀材料時，我們是在非常快速地閱讀，目的是獲得有關(guān)時間、地點和數(shù)據(jù)等的信息。在掃讀時，我們總是跳過不相關(guān)的部分，而只是集中注意我們需要發(fā)現(xiàn)的信息。. v.語法知識不定式和動名詞后接賓語的區(qū)別（一）動名詞的幾個特殊情況 1. 有些動詞的后面能跟動名詞做賓語，有些動詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以， 它們的具體含義有時還不一樣。 2. 能跟動名詞的動詞有： avoid, consider, delay, deny, di

29、slike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant help等。 能跟不定式的動詞有： decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, co

30、ntinue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習(xí)慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。例如:I like to go with you. 我想和你一塊兒去。 I like reading. 我喜歡閱讀。 He promised to help her. 他答應(yīng)過要幫助她。 We love watching VCD. 我們喜歡看VCD。 3. remember，forget，regr

31、et后面跟動名詞時，動名詞表示過去的動作，后面跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作。例如：I remember meeting him in the street. 我記得在街上見過他。 I remember to write a letter to my parents. 我想起來要給我父母親寫信。 4.“stop + 動名詞”表示停止動名詞所表示的動作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來做不定式所表示的動作。 例如：Stop smoking, please. 請不要抽煙。 Lets stop to have a rest. 咱們停下來休息一下吧。 5. 動名詞和分詞的區(qū)別： 動名詞作定語時，動

32、名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而分詞作定語時， 分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如： reading text 閱讀課文（動名詞） developing country 發(fā)展中國家（分詞） a sleeping bag 睡袋（動名詞） boiled water 開水（分詞） 分詞是一種動詞的非謂語形式。 非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。 動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。例如：Climbing mountain is a good exercise.（climbing.動名詞起名詞作用）爬山是一項好運動。Do yo

33、u know the man wearing a white shirt "（wearing .分詞起形容詞作用） 你認識那個穿白襯衣的人嗎.He gets up early to catch the first bus.（to catch .不定式起副詞作用） 他早早起床是為了趕上第一班汽車。 （二）分詞：分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構(gòu)成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語和賓語補足語。例如：working workedwashing washed 分詞可分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣，在動詞后面加 ing。 而過去分詞的形

34、式則在動詞后面加ed（不規(guī)則動詞要記住過去分詞的形式）。分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。 1.分詞在句子中作定語。例如：China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。 That's an interesting story. 這是一個有趣的故事。 The girl singing for us is ten years old. 給我們唱歌的女孩十歲了。 作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞

35、的后面。例如：The working people have played a great role in the activity. 工人在這次活動中起主要作用。 The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately. 被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。 There is nothing interesting. 沒什么有趣的事。 分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據(jù)它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來判斷，有主謂關(guān)系的是分詞，否則判斷為動名詞。例如：a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）

36、a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （動名詞） 2. 分詞在句子中作狀語。例如：Being a student, he likes to help others. 作為一個學(xué)生，他喜歡幫助別人。 Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily. 戴了一副新眼鏡，她看書就好多了。 She is there waiting for us. 她在那兒等我們呢。 Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong. 經(jīng)老師一說，她知道自己不對。 3. 分詞在句子中作表語。例如：The story is i

37、nteresting. 故事有趣。 We are interested in computer. 我們對計算機感興趣。 The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。 The water is boiled. 水是開的。4. 分詞可以在句子中作賓語補足語，可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。例如：I saw him walking in the street. 我看見他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我聽見他們在教室里唱歌。We found

38、 the boy sleeping. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)小孩睡著了。 have 后面的賓語補足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，而是由別人做的。例如：I have my hair cut. 我理發(fā)了。（是別人給我理發(fā)） She has her bike repaired. 她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的） They have their house rebuilt. 他們重修了房子。 5. 分詞的否定形式是“not + 分詞”。例如：Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait. 不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。 Not having fi

39、nished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 小女孩沒完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。 6. 分詞的時態(tài)：分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或之前發(fā)生。例如：Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing. 看到老師進來，學(xué)生們停下來不玩了。 Coming into the room, he lied on his bed. 回到家后，他就躺在床上。 分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發(fā)生。例如：Having received

40、a letter, I knew everything is all right. 收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。 Having had my supper, I went out for a walk. 晚飯后，我出去散步了。 Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。 7. 分詞的被動形式：分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關(guān)系。例如：The entertainment building being built will be comple

41、ted next year. 正在建設(shè)的娛樂大樓明年完工。 語法練習(xí) 動名詞選擇填空：1.Do keeping _, will you"A. to try B. try C. having tried D. trying2.We are all looking forward _ Mr. Smith next week.A. to see B. of seeing C. at seeing D. to seeing3.He spent all his time _ for the final examination.A. to prepare B. of preparing C. i

42、n preparing D. to preparing4.The boy is only five years old, but he is quite used _ the telephone. A. to answer B. to answering C. of answering D. by answering5. _soundly is better for your illness than taking medicine.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept6. Sometimes when I look into the

43、 sky, I feel like _ a trip somewhere. A. to make B. making C. make D. to go for7. I consider _ of every fish is a kind of murder. A. taking B. a taking C. the taking D. to take8. My grandfather is a rich man, but _ money does not solve all his problems.A. has B. to have C. having D. having had9. It

44、is no good _ him to see you off. A. to expect B. expecting C. of expecting D. for him to expect10. There is one more book worth _. A. read B. of reading C. being read D. reading11. He liked _ many questions at the press conference. A. being asked B. asking C. of asking D. ask12. We had no trouble _

45、the path through the forest.A. to find B. for finding C. finding D. with findingII.用括號里的動詞的正確形式填空：1.He insisted on _（do）the work in some other way.2.The windows want / need / require to be cleaned. That is, they need / want / require _ (clean).3.He practiced _(play) the piano every day.4.She doesnt

46、mind _( work ) overtime.5.It will mean _( benefit ) your company and mine.6.Have you decided to put off _( go ) to the seaside"7.Peter kept (on) _ (ask) questions.8.Its a waste of time _( argue) about it.9._ ( talk ) is easier than doing.10.Have you finished _ (do) your homework"III翻譯：1. _

47、（每天晨讀一刻鐘）is very important in learning English.2. Its no use _（嘆氣）.3. Debbie enjoys _（微笑著與客戶交流）.4. John has just given up _（吸煙）.5. I _（一直盼望著訪問）China again.6. He run off to avoid _（看見）by his class teacher.7. This machine is for _（切紙）.8. This book is well worth _（讀）.9. _（揮動拳頭）is a sign of anger.10. Mr

48、. Yang suggested/advised _ （看著顧客的眼睛）to make a good impression on him. IV拓展題：1. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done2. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eatin

49、g not C. not to eat D. not eating3. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in4. The little time we have together we try _ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that5. While shopping, people sometimes cant

50、help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade （說服） B. persuading D. being persuaded D. be persuaded 6. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 7. Tony

51、was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 8. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed9. The discovery of new evidence le

52、d to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught10. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct11. -You should have thanked her before you left. -I meant _, but when I was leaving I c

53、ouldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing12. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting13. -Whats made John so angry"-_ the tickets for the concert.A. Lose B. To lose C. Because of losing D. Losing14. The day we are looking forward to _ at last. A. arriving B. arrive C. arrived . arrives15. Mr. Ree