小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

1、55 / 56小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全一、 名 詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。 1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“復(fù)數(shù)形式：a一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；讀音：清輔音后讀s，濁輔音和 元音后讀z。b以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；讀音：iz。c以“輔音字母

2、+y結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；讀音：z。d以“f或fe結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；讀音：z。e以“o結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況1有生命的+es 讀音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 無(wú)生命的+s 讀音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不規(guī)那么名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, polic

3、ewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese   2、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判斷步驟：    &#

4、160;                                             如是am、is或was原形讀句子讀該單詞認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞理解意思看b

5、e動(dòng)詞                                                  如是

6、are或were加s或es練一練：1、寫(xiě)出以下各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 I _  him _  this _   her _     watch _   mango_child _ photo _ diary _   day_  foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _   box_  strawberry _ thief _ engineer_ peach_ sandwich _   man_

7、0;  woman_  leaf_   people_2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。1Are there two                ( box ) on the table?2I can see some                

8、( people ) in the cinema.3How many                 ( day ) are there in a week?4Herere five                ( bottle ) of    &

9、#160;             ( juice ) for you.5This                ( violin ) is hers. Those              

10、;  ( grape ) are over there.二、冠  詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞和“定冠詞兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個(gè)，一件。an用在以元音“音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠詞：the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒(méi)有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的根本用法：  1用來(lái)表示特指某些人或某些事物。如：The map on the wall is new.  2

11、表示說(shuō)話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.  3表示再次提到前面談過(guò)的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.  4用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：the sun太陽(yáng)  the moon月亮  the earth地球  5用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城  6用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：the Changjiang River長(zhǎng)江  7此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、樂(lè)器名稱等詞前面

12、和一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中一般都用定冠詞the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class確定用a、an還是the時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思。練一練：1、用a或an填空。        _ “U         _ ice-cream           _

13、60; goalkeeper           _ teapot            _apple       _office   _English book       _umbrella _unit  

14、          _hour            2、根據(jù)需要，填寫(xiě)冠詞a，an或the。1Who is _girl behind _tree?2 _old man has two children, _ son and _daughter.3This is  _ orange.   _ ora

15、nge is Lucys.4He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby.5We all had_good time last Sunday.6She wants to be_doctor.三， 數(shù) 詞我們學(xué)過(guò)兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒(méi)有“the；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the。1、超過(guò)二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上“-。如：21  twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的那么需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如：101  a/one hun

16、dred and one3、用基數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：十八個(gè)男孩  eighteen boys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯  two bowls of rice5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第幾十幾：前面整十不變，后面“幾改為序數(shù)詞。如：88  eighty-eighth練一練：1、請(qǐng)翻譯以下短語(yǔ)。 1

17、60名學(xué)生                             215本英語(yǔ)書(shū)                    

18、;          3九杯涼水                              44個(gè)孩子          

19、;                      512月31                           

20、0;    66月2日                                 7第九周             

21、0;                   840年前                               

22、60;  911+7                                  10上學(xué)第一天             &

23、#160;              2、把以下基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。one-                 two-                 three

24、-                  nine-                 fourteen-               

25、      twenty-                      thirty-five-                    

26、60;eighty-one四、代  詞代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語(yǔ)，一般用在動(dòng)詞前疑問(wèn)句除外；賓格在句中做賓語(yǔ)，多 用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰(shuí)的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：   This is my bag. = This is mine.  That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有沒(méi)有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代

27、詞。    請(qǐng)牢記下表： 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱 代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主 代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs練一練：1、按要求寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。I賓格_              she形容詞性物主代詞_     &

28、#160;       we名詞性物主代詞_ he復(fù)數(shù)_            us單數(shù)_            theirs主格_ its賓格_ 2、想一想，把下表補(bǔ)充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱meusour第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhis

29、theirheritits3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5_ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( y

30、ou ) 6Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11Where are

31、 _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 12Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )13_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 14The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比擬級(jí)、最高級(jí)。比擬級(jí)：+er  最高級(jí)：the +est兩個(gè)重要特征：asas中間一定用原形，than的

32、前面一定要+er。2、形容詞、副詞比擬級(jí)的規(guī)那么變化如下：1一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster   單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r。如：late - later2重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter3以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier4雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比擬級(jí)應(yīng)在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - mo

33、re careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting5有些不規(guī)那么變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder練一練：1、寫(xiě)出以下形容詞、副詞的比擬級(jí)。big                good  &#

34、160;              long                 tall                 old       

35、        short                thin                heavy            

36、;    young              fat              light               strong    

37、60;           high                far               low           

38、;   early               late                 well                fast  

39、;             slow    2、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) I can swim as _ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are _  ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is 

40、;_ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as _slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have _ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump _ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes _ ( thin ) than me.9)

41、It gets _and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介  詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有：at, on, in。1at表示“在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上，或用在固定詞組中。如：at ten oclock,

42、 at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend2on表示“在某日或某日的時(shí)間段。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning3in表示“在某一段時(shí)間月份、季節(jié)里。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 20053、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue穿著藍(lán)色的衣服，in English用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，take part in參加。練一練：1、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1) Whats this _ ( at, on, in )

43、 English?2) Christmas is _ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well  _ ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds  _ ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet  _ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop &

44、#160;_ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is there a cat    _ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) Helens writing paper is  _ ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live _ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain   _ ( at, on, in ) spring ther

45、e?2、圈出以下句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫(xiě)在橫線上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths.            2) The films were in the ground just now.          3) They are talking to their plans.     

46、60;  4) How many students have their birthdays on May?           5) Womens Day is at the third of March.           6) I can jog to school on the morning.       

47、    7) Did you water trees at the farm?          8) Can you come and help me on my English?           9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.       10) What

48、 did you do on the Spring Festival?           七、動(dòng)  詞這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一量詞如：一個(gè)、一張等和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說(shuō)不通再用“很去判斷，就是把“很和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞；都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。目前我們學(xué)過(guò)的，以后可能不同另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、

49、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道 1、be動(dòng)詞 am, is, are, was, were 1amwas, is was, are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。2肯定和否認(rèn)句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. 3一般疑問(wèn)句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they A

50、merican? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4be動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)形式：am not沒(méi)有縮寫(xiě)形式，are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。 練一練：    1、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.       2The girl_ Jack's sister. 3The dog

51、_ tall and fat.                      4The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5_ your brother in the classroom?                

52、;        6How _ your father? 7Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.                          8Whose dress _ this? 9Whose socks _ they?    

53、    10Who _ I?   11The jeans _ on the desk. 12Here _ a scarf for you.                         13Here _ some sweaters for you. 14The black gloves _ for Su Y

54、ang.             15This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16The two cups of milk _ for me.                         17Some tea _ in t

55、he glass. 18Gao shan's shirt _ over there.                        19My sister's name _Nancy.20_ David and Helen from England?         

56、60;     21There _ a girl in the room. 22There _ some apples on the tree.              23_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24There _ some bread on the plate.          

57、;   25You, he and I _ from China.26There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 2、助動(dòng)詞 do, does, did do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過(guò)去式did用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中。它們的否認(rèn)形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動(dòng)詞do；助動(dòng)詞do, does, did后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。練1、用適當(dāng)

58、的助動(dòng)詞填空。1) _you like this magazine?       2) The girl_like bread for breakfast.3) -What _ she _ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -Wha_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I _.6) He _n

59、ot visit a farm last National Day holiday.   7) They_ not like playing volleyball.8) - _Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, he         .9)       _Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot eve

60、ry day?10) -How many kites _we have? -We have ten.2、找出以下句子中的錯(cuò)誤，將序號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi)，并改正。(      ) 1)           Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival?         

61、0;           A       B                  C(      ) 2)           -W

62、hat do the boy have in his pencil-box? -He has a rubber.                            A         B     

63、                   C(      ) 3)        They doesnt like the film.    A    B    C      

64、; (      ) 4)        Do Jim get up at six everyday?                      A       B   

65、        C(      ) 5)         Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.                    A   

66、 B             C3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。不受其他任何條件影響其否認(rèn)形式：can not = cant, must not = mustnt,    注意：may not和shall not無(wú)縮寫(xiě)形式

67、練一練：選擇填空。(      ) 1) The sign on the wall means you  _stay away from the building.          A. must           B. cant         

68、;  C. shouldn't(      ) 2) How many books _ you see on the desk?   A. may     B. can     C. should(      ) 3) It means you  _ make noise in the library.  A. should &#

69、160;  B. shouldn't   C. can(      ) 4) - _you like a glass of milk? - Yes, please.  A. May    B. Could   C. Would(      ) 5) - _you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant.  A. Can 

70、; B. Cant  C. Should(      ) 6)  _ we go to the park by bus?       A. May       B. Must       C. Shall 4、行為動(dòng)詞   就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過(guò)它

71、們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞也叫動(dòng)名詞+ing、過(guò)去式+ed。    1動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)那么：A、一般直接加“s，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以“s，“x，“sh，“ch結(jié)尾時(shí)，加“es，如：catch catches, watch watches ；C、以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y為“i再加“es，如：carry carries, study studies 。2現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成規(guī)那么：A、一般直接加“ing，如：go going, do doing, look loo

72、king ；B、以不發(fā)音的“e結(jié)尾的單詞，去“e 加“ing，如：take taking, make making, have having ；C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母再加“ing，如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。3過(guò)去式構(gòu)成規(guī)那么：A、一般直接加“ed，如：plant planted, visit visited, pi

73、ck picked ；B、以不發(fā)音字母“e結(jié)尾，直接加“ed，如：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted ；C、以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，變“y為“i再加“ed，如：try tried, carry carried, study studied ；D、有些動(dòng)詞要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再加“ed，如：stop stopped ；E、還有很多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是不規(guī)那么的，請(qǐng)記憶：是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being；成為-become-became-becoming； 開(kāi)場(chǎng)-begin-

74、began-beginning； 彎曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 買-buy-bought-buying； 能-can-could-；捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 選擇-choose-chose-choosing； 來(lái)-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；畫(huà)-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感覺(jué)-feel-felt-feeling；發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found-fi

75、nding；飛-fly-flew-flying；忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成長(zhǎng)-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；聽(tīng)-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學(xué)習(xí)-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-l

76、ying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might-；意味-mean-meant-meaning；會(huì)見(jiàn) -meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must-；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；說(shuō)-say-said-saying；看見(jiàn)-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should-；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺(jué)-sleep-sle

77、pt-sleeping；說(shuō)-speak-spoke-speaking；度過(guò)-spend-spent-spending 。練一練：1、寫(xiě)出以下動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。drink _go _stay _make _look _have _pass _carry _come _watch _plant _fly _study _brush _do _teach_ take_ see_ 2、寫(xiě)出以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。put _give _fly _get  _dance _sit_ run _plant _take _swim _ask _stop _take _write _have

78、_smoke _ think_ want_ tell_3、寫(xiě)出以下動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。isam _fly _plant _are _drink _play _go _make _does _dance _worry _ask _taste _eat _draw _put _throw _kick _pass _do  _4、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1I _to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. Yesterday we _to school together. We like _to scho

79、ol very much.      ( go )2They usually _lunch at home. But last week, they _lunch at school.     ( have )3That_my English book. It _new. But now it _not here. It _there a moment ago.  ( be )4My sister likes _very much. She often _at our school festival. Last term, she _a lot of songs in the school hall. She _beautifully.    ( sing )5What _ he usually _on Sunday?  He usually _hi