北京理工大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試題及其解析

1、 北京理工大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試題及其解析Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that theirpredecessors musical style did not include essential Geng duo yuanxiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quanguo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun q

2、q:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi characteristics that definejazz as jazz.Thus,1940s swing was belittled by beboppers of the1950s who were themselves attacked by free jazzes of the1960s.The neoboppers of the1980s and1990s attacked almost everybodyelse.The titanic figure of Black saxophonist John Coltra

3、ne hascomplicated the arguments made by proponents of styles from bebopthrough neobop because in his own musical journey he drew from allthose styles.His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable.At the height of his popularity,Coltrane largely abandoned playingbebop,the style that had brought

4、 him fame,to explore the outerreaches of jazz.Coltrane himself probably believed that the only essentialcharacteristic of jazz was improvisation,the one constant in hisjourney from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal,Indian,andAfrican melodies.On the other hand,this dogged student andprodigi

5、ous technicianwho insisted on spending hours each daypracticing scales from theory bookswas never able to jettisoncompletely the influence of bebop,with its fast and elaborate chainsof notes and ornaments on melody.Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played the tenor saxophone:he f

6、avored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy,regularly accented beats.The first led Coltrane to“sheets of sound”where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notes into each other to suggest stacked harmonies.The second meant that his sense of rhythm was almost as close

7、 to rock as to bebop.Three recordings illustrate Coltranes energizing explorations. Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis,Coltrane found himself outside bop,exploring modal melodies.Here he played surging, lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifsan organizing principle unlike that of fre

8、e jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos.On Giant Steps, Coltrane debuted as leader,introducing his own compositions.Here the sheets of sound,downbeat accents,repetitions,and great speed are part of each solo,and the variety of the shapes of his phrases

9、 is unique.Coltranes searching explorations produced solid achievement.My Favorite Things was another kind of watershed.Here Coltrane played the soprano saxophone,an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians.Musically,the results were astounding.With the sopranos piping sound,ideas that had sounded d

10、ark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy.When Coltrane began recording for the Impulse!Label,he was still searching.His music became raucous,physical.His influence on rockers was enormous,including Jimi Hendrix,the rock guitarist,who, following Coltrane,raised the extended guitar solo us

11、ing repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form.1.The primary purpose of the text is toAdiscuss the place of Coltrane in the world of jazz and describe his musical explorations.Bexamine the nature of bebop and contrast it with improvisational jazz.Canalyze the musical sources of Coltranes style and t

12、heir influence on his work.Dacknowledge the influence of Coltranes music on rock music and rock musicians.2.Which of the following best describes the organization of the fourth paragraph?AA thesis referred to earlier in the text is mentioned and illustrated with three specific examples.BA thesis is

13、stated and three examples are given each suggesting that a correction needs to be made to a thesis referred to earlier in the text.CA thesis referred to earlier in the text is mentioned,and three examples are presented and ranked in order of their support of the thesis.DA thesis is stated,three seem

14、ingly opposing examples are presented,and their underlying correspondence is explained.3.According to the text,John Coltrane did all of the following during his career EXCEPTAimprovise on melodies from a number of different cultures.Bperform as leader as well as soloist.Cspend time improving his tec

15、hnical skills.Deliminate the influence of bebop on his own music.4.According to the text a major difference between Coltrane and other jazz musicians was theAdegree to which Coltranes music encompassed all of jazz.Brepetition of motifs that Coltrane used in his solos.Cnumber of his own compositions

16、that Coltrane recorded.Dindifference Coltrane maintained to musical technique.5.In terms of its tone and form,the text can best be characterized asAdogmatic explanation.Bindignant denial.Centhusiastic praise.Dspeculative study.答案與考點(diǎn)解析1.【答案】A【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道中心主旨題。第一段的倒數(shù)第一、二句是全文的中心主旨句,全文就是根據(jù)這兩句話展開(kāi)論述的。抓住這兩句

17、話就可以找出本題的正確選項(xiàng)A?？忌诮忸}時(shí),尤其是破解中心主旨題時(shí),一定要先找出全文的中心主旨句。2.【答案】C 【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道例(舉證與細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段第一句明確指出“三張唱片為科爾特蘭尼富有活力的探索提供了證明”。這說(shuō)明第四段將講述三個(gè)例子用來(lái)說(shuō)明在前一段即第三段所提出的論點(diǎn)。另外這三個(gè)例子是按著先后順序給出的,因此本題的正確選項(xiàng)是C?？忌诮忸}時(shí)要注意段落之間的相互關(guān)系,更要注意句子之間的相互關(guān)系。3.【答案】D【考點(diǎn)解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)理解題型。本題屬于比較難的題型,因?yàn)楸绢}的涉及面比較廣。本題A、B、C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容分別在第二段第一句、第四段第三四句和第二段第二句提到過(guò)。故本題的正

18、確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是D。其實(shí)這道題表面上非常難,但是對(duì)于善于捕捉全文中心主旨句的同學(xué)來(lái)講確比較容易,因?yàn)閺牡谝欢蔚谒木涞脑驙钫Z(yǔ)從句中就可以推導(dǎo)出本題的正確答案D。考生在解題時(shí)應(yīng)時(shí)時(shí)牢記全文的中心主旨句。4.【答案】A【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道審題定位題型。根據(jù)本題題干中的“other jazz musicians”可將本題的答案信息來(lái)源定位在第一段的第一至四句,因?yàn)樵谶@四句話中提到了其它的爵士音樂(lè)家。第一段第四句的狀語(yǔ)從句明確指出了“Coltrane”與其它音樂(lè)家的不同在于他吸收了各種風(fēng)格的爵士音樂(lè)。故本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是A?？忌诮忸}時(shí)應(yīng)重視審題定位。5.【答案】C【考點(diǎn)解析】本題是一道歸納推導(dǎo)題型。

19、細(xì)心的同學(xué)可從本文作者在論述時(shí)使用的詞語(yǔ)中推導(dǎo)出本題的正確答案C。例如作者在第一段第四句的主語(yǔ)上使用了“titanic figure”;在第五句使用了“his influencewas immeasurable”;在最后一段的第三句使用了“his influencewas enormous”,這都反映了作者的“enthusiastic praise”?？忌诮忸}時(shí) 中國(guó)考博輔導(dǎo)首選學(xué)校 要重視原文作者在表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)的遣詞造句。 參考譯文 不同的爵士樂(lè)風(fēng)格的支持者一貫認(rèn)為他們前輩的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格沒(méi)有包括那 些使爵士樂(lè)之所以成為爵士樂(lè)的本質(zhì)特征。這樣，二十世紀(jì)五十年代的比波 普派輕視二十世紀(jì)四十年代的搖擺

20、音樂(lè)派， 而他們自己又受到二十世紀(jì)六十 年代的自由爵士派的抨擊。 二十世紀(jì)八十至九十年代的新比波普派幾乎對(duì)任 何其他人都進(jìn)行抨擊。 而黑人薩克斯管巨匠約翰·科爾特蘭尼使這些從比波 普派到新比波普派的支持者所提出的主張更加復(fù)雜化， 因?yàn)樵谒约旱囊魳?lè) 例程中，他經(jīng)歷了所有這些風(fēng)格。他對(duì)所有爵士音樂(lè)的風(fēng)格的影響是不可估 量的。在他最受歡迎的時(shí)期，科爾特蘭尼基本上放棄了比波普風(fēng)格的演奏以 便探索爵士樂(lè)更深的處延，然而正是比波普風(fēng)格的演奏使得他成名。 科爾特蘭尼自己可能認(rèn)為爵士樂(lè)的唯一本質(zhì)特征就是即興創(chuàng)作， 這是他 從比波普風(fēng)格到對(duì)形式音樂(lè)、印度音樂(lè)、非洲音樂(lè)的自由即興演奏的歷程中 一直沒(méi)有改變的。另一方面，這個(gè)頑強(qiáng)的學(xué)生和異常的技巧家每天花幾個(gè)小 時(shí)用以練習(xí)理論書(shū)籍上的曲譜，從未能完全拋棄比波普的影響，在他的旋律 中可以找到帶有比波普特點(diǎn)的快速和精細(xì)的音符以及修飾效果。 有兩種風(fēng)格特征影響了科爾特蘭尼演奏男高音薩克斯管的方式： 他喜歡 對(duì)建立于一種旋律上的音符進(jìn)行快速的演奏，同時(shí)也依賴于強(qiáng)有力的、有規(guī) 律的重音節(jié)