人教新目標(biāo)初中英語復(fù)習(xí)全部時(shí)態(tài)

1、初中英語全部時(shí)態(tài)一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí)A:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu): 1）be動(dòng)詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為，第三人稱單數(shù)為，其他人稱為。有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法： 我用am ，你用 are ，is 用于他，她，它, 單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are.肯定式:主語+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主語+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑問式:Am /Is /Are + 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + am/ is /are(否) No,主語 + am /is/are not 縮寫形式: I'm = I am That's =That

2、is We're =We are What's= What isYou're = You are Who's = Who is They're =They are Where's =Where isHe's =He is She's =She is It's = It is isn't=is not aren't=are not 2）行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動(dòng)詞原形，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞 詞尾加-s或-es ?！皠?dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)”的加法 即 “如何從動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)”

3、1、一般情況加s. 2、以o, s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾加es. 3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾 改y為i +es寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：study play go come help teach lie listen begin open sit throw wash guess cut run relax beat eat 肯定式:主語+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式:主語+助動(dòng)詞 don't/doesn't +動(dòng)詞原形+其他疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not 縮寫形式

4、: don't = do not doesn't =does not注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has 用法：1.表示事實(shí),現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語連用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作 . eg. Here comes the tr

5、ain. 4.在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時(shí) . eg.I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時(shí)通常由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1.動(dòng)詞的第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式和簡略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相似。 2.行為動(dòng)詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種, 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞后加或,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞參照不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表,需要專門記憶?？隙ㄊ?主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主語 + did n

6、ot + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 eg. John didn't live here last year. 疑問式:Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 eg. Did you see him a moment ago? 簡略回答.(肯)Yes, 主語 +did (否)No , 主語 + didn't.用法 ：1.主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài). eg. My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與often,always 等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用. eg. He always went to work by b

7、us last summer.3.和when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用. eg. When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用.eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.不規(guī)則中尋"規(guī)則" 英語中很多動(dòng)詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，有些同學(xué)死

8、記硬背，卻效果不佳。我們不妨共同尋找一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞中的“規(guī)則”，這樣記憶起來就會(huì)事半功倍了。I 過去式與動(dòng)詞原形同形。例如： letlet, putput, hithit, readreadred等。II動(dòng)詞原形以owaw結(jié)尾，過去式常變?yōu)閑w。例如： knowknew, growgrew, throwthrew, drawdrew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：showshowed。III許多動(dòng)詞只要將動(dòng)詞原形中的元音字母i改為a，就可變?yōu)檫^去式。例如： beginbegan, givegave, singsang, swimswam, sitsat, drinkdrank, ringrang等

9、 但是winwon例外。IV有些動(dòng)詞的過去式以o(a)ught結(jié)尾。例如： bringbrought, buybought, thinkthought, catchcaught, teachtaught等。 注意上述動(dòng)詞過去式究竟是以ought:t還是aught:t結(jié)尾，只要記住“有a則a，無a則o”即可。 即:原形中有a的， 過去式變?yōu)閍ught，否則為ought。V 以eep結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，常將eep改為ept構(gòu)成過去式。例如：keepkept, sleepslept, sweepswept等。一 般 將 來 時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞shall/will be

10、(is ,am ,are ) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形（當(dāng)主語第一人稱時(shí)，一般用shall，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱時(shí)，用will，但主語為第一人稱時(shí)，也用will）肯定式:主語+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will . (否)No,主語+shall/will+not 縮寫形式: 'll =shall/will shan't= shall not won't = will not 用法:1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作或情

11、況,常用時(shí)間狀語有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe China's population _ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某種必然的趨勢(shì) eg. Fish will die without water. 解析：1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will 表示請(qǐng)求.

12、eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí),用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí). eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +動(dòng)詞原形也可表示將來時(shí). (1).表示主觀意愿.打算等. eg. He

13、's going to learn English next term. (2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況 eg. Look at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. 現(xiàn) 在 進(jìn) 行 時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前或目前階段正在進(jìn)行，正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作。( 表示“正在（在）干”) 結(jié)構(gòu)：is/am/are + 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式 ( 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 ) 用法：1.表示目前發(fā)生(進(jìn)行)的動(dòng)作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時(shí)間狀語有:now, at the moment 等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與 look, listen連用. eg. Are you

14、writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room.2.表示目前階段正在進(jìn)行,而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,表示這種動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常與表示將來時(shí)間的狀語連用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.注意: 某些表示感覺

15、或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí). eg. Lucy prefers art to science.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行，或發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu);主語+was/were+v-ing常與表示過去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用:at that moment,at six last night,等Eg:he was doing his homework at seven last night. 練習(xí)題：（選擇填空）一. 般現(xiàn)在時(shí).（ ）1.My English teacher _ about thirty years

16、 old, but he younger than he really is. A. is, look B .is, looks C. am, look（ ）2.Jim _ very hard, but he _ till a little weak in Chinese. A. studies, is B. study, is C. doesnt study, is（ ）3.We all know that the sun_ round the earth. A. goes B. dont go C. doesnt go （ ）4.There _ twelve months in a yea

17、r and January first. A. is, comes B. are, come C. are, comes（ ）5.Who_ the kite best of all, Jim. Lucy or Lily? A .flies B. fly C .are flying（ ）6. _ the Great Wall one of the places of great interests in China? A.Was B. Do C. Is（ ）7. _ you usually _ to school with classmates? A. Do, comes B. does, co

18、me C. Do, come（ ）8. _ she _ home at six oclock every mornig? A. Do, comes B. Does. Come C. Do, come（ ）9. My mother_ like watcing TV,so she _ to bed very early every evening. A doesnt ,go B. dont go C. doesnt goes（ ）10.Mr Green usually _ newspapers after supper every day.A. read B. reading C. reads二.

19、 一般過去式.（ ）1.The two _ in the same class last year. A. are B. was C. were（ ）2.-Where _ you _ ?-I went to buy some food for supper.（ ）3.The students in Li Leis class_ on a farm last week. A. work B. works C. worked（ ）4. _ that worker _ in a shoe factory a year ago? A. Do, work B.Did, worked C. Did, wo

20、rk（ ）5.-Did you find your pen ?-Yes, I_ it two hours ago. A. found B. find C. finded（ ）6. _ your mother _ to work last Saturday? A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Does, go（ ）7.They _ not late the day before yesterday. A. did B. were C. are（ ）8._ they away from school last October? A. Did B. Were C. Do（ ）9. _

21、you _ to school last Sunday? A. Did, come B. Do, come C. Were, come（ ）10.What_ they_-_ for breakfast last week? A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have（ ）11.My friend _-his homework fifteen minutes ago. A. finish B. finishes C. finished（ ）12.The boys_only subjects last term, but this term they five

22、. A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have（ ）13.Why _ Ann _ TV last night ? A. didnt, watch B. dont watch C. doesnt watch（ ）14.They stopped here because they _ the way to the station. A. didnt know B. dont know C. will know（ ）15-Where _ you find your ticket? -I _ it on the ground.A. did, found B. do,

23、found C. were, find三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).（ ）1.Cant you see Uncle Wang and his friends _ some machines? A. is makig B. are making C.make（ ）2.My father _ TV with my mother now. A. watch B. watching C. is watching（ ）3.Is six oclock in the evening, My family _ supper at the table. A. eats B. is eating C. are eating（

24、 ）4. _ Lucy and Lily_ to speak Chinese with Miss Gao. A. Is, try B. Is trying C. Are, trying（ ）5.The dog_ itself outside the door. A. is washing B. wash C. washes（ ）6.The students in Class One _ carefully to their English teacher. A. is listening B. is looking C. are listening（ ）7.Listen! The childr

25、en _ in the open air. A. singing B. is singing C. are singing（ ）8.Whats the matter, Li Lei? I_ for my pen. A. am look B. am looking C. look（ ）9.Lets go into the classroom. The bell _. . A. ringing B. is ringing C. is ring（ ）10.The man is badly hurt and he_ on the road sadly.A. is lying B. are lying

26、C. lieing 四. 一般將來時(shí).（ ）1.The students _ back in two hours. A. come B. is coming C. came（ ）2.What_ you _ with your classmates this Sunday afternoon? A. are, do B.do, do C. will do（ ）3.There_ an English party in our class this evening. A. will have B. are going to have .C. is going to be（ ）4. _ Wei Hua

27、 _ visit the Great Wall during this summer holiday? A.Do, going to B. Is, going to C. Will, going to（ ）5.When_ they _ leave for Beijing? A. will, going .B. will, / C. do, going to（ ）6.-Where are you going ? -I _ the shops for some fruit.A. am going to B. go to C. shall going to go to（ ）7.Which orang

28、es _ they _ to buy?A. are, going B. will, going C.do, going（ ）8.My mother says that she _ buy me a schoolbag better than this one.A. is B. shall C. will （ ）9.Mr Green is afraid that Jim_behind the other students after he comes back.A. will fall B. will fell C.is going to fell（ ）10.The students in my

29、 class_-arder than before this term.A. is going to study B. will going to study C. will study 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語 + “have(has) + 過去分詞”（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，（常與yet，already，just連用），或者過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for，since連用）。例如： 1）I have just finished my homework. 2）Mary has been ill for three days. 注意：

30、與for ,since 連用的動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞如：come be here go be there join be a member borrow keep leave be away 等等（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：since, for, during, over等引導(dǎo)出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to t

31、he present等。例如： 1）I havent been there for five years. 2）So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation. 3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較與轉(zhuǎn)換 一般過去時(shí): 與之搭配的時(shí)間副詞常用的有:Yesterday, last week, last year, at 5:30 , last weekend, last month. 有時(shí)用on weekend, this morning 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 常用的時(shí)間副詞

32、有:ever, never, yet, still, already ， in the past ten years; in my life; today Examples: Linda still hasnt finished her homework.Stanley has already gotten bored with the life here in Toronto. Have you ever gone to Paris? I have gone to the post office twice today. 2、 過去完成時(shí)（1）表示過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，這個(gè)過去的

33、時(shí)間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。 表示“過去的過去 ” 例如： 1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （3）過去完成時(shí)常用于以下固定句型： 1）by (the end of ) +過去時(shí)間，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday

34、 afternoon. 幾種時(shí)態(tài)的比較1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) a.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：重復(fù)發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作和真理。 標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間副詞： always often frequently usually sometimes every day every week every month occasionally once a month once a month once a year seldom rarely never Examples： She goes shopping every week. He reads Business News every morning. He seldom

35、goes dancing. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Susan loves chocolate. b.表示一種狀態(tài)或性質(zhì) Examples: This tastes very good. I dont believe my eyes. I need a car. I hate this music. c.在講述一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的故事時(shí)，有時(shí)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的一系列事情。-This use is called the “historical present”.如在看圖說話一類題時(shí)經(jīng)常用到這一點(diǎn)。 b>Exampl

36、es: h一個(gè)美國人描述他到中國旅游的經(jīng)歷 My friend and I arrive at the capital air port in Beijing on the morning of May 25 th , 1993. Robert comes to meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is to be our apartment for nearly three. week. The drive is culture shock number one. We see people everywhere. Also, Beiji

37、ng seems to be more modern than its has been written in all the books on China I have read. My friend and I are extremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road, truly the kingdom of bicycles. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： a.正在進(jìn)行，正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 常用的時(shí)間狀語：（right）now at the（this）moment at present ;,?|LmExamples： Robert is

38、teaching at this moment。 Mendel is working on the first draft of his essay。 Im looking for my umbrella right now. Hes enjoying a holiday right now. b.表達(dá)在現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。 常用的時(shí)間副詞：these days Nowadays today this semester/quarter this week/month/year Examples: Hes relaxing this week. Hes

39、working as a librarian this semester. c.對(duì)一類經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情所表達(dá)的強(qiáng)烈情感 常用的時(shí)間副詞：Always Forever constantly Examples: Hes always complaining.（他怎么總是抱怨。） Youre always dancing.（你怎么總是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 表達(dá)的動(dòng)作不表明動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始或已進(jìn)行了多長時(shí)間。 Examples: Helen and Tom are happily married. Bruce listens to the news every m

40、orning. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): a.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,但句子總是表明動(dòng)作是什么時(shí)候開始的。 Examples: Helen and Tom have been happily married since their wedding day 60 years ago. Bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day. b.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞: For and Since For:表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間。如:for two minutes/weeks/years；for several days/

41、a long time/the past month 而在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不能與之連用。 Since: 表示動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始時(shí)間點(diǎn). 如:since 6:00/Apr. 23/last week /the accident 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但不表明動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)候開始的。 Examples: He is waiting over there. Matthew is studying Chinese in Beijing. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：可表明發(fā)生動(dòng)作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。 Examples: He has tried to pass the exam twice.

42、一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí) a.二者的區(qū)別在于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 Examples: My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon. My neighbors dog was barking at 3:00 this morning. b.二者的區(qū)別在于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去同一時(shí)間兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 與之常用的時(shí)間副詞: while, as Examples; Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car. As Michael was v

43、isiting Paris, Robert was teaching English classes in Beijing. 一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí) 二者的區(qū)別在于過去完成時(shí)表示在過去的過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Examples: Mary was hungry because she hadnt eaten breakfast. Charlie lost his way to the hotel although he had been there a few days earlier. I realized that I hadnt eaten a single French Fry since

44、 I started my diet. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí) -一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在時(shí)間和條件從句當(dāng)中表示將來時(shí)的動(dòng)作。 Examples: As soon as I save enough money Ill buy a big house. When he gets back home he will phone a friend in New York. If it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip.試題與解析（ ）1.He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in th

45、e forms.A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it（ ）2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far.A. havent heard B. didnt hear C. hadnt heard D. wont hear（ ）3.When I got to the cinema, the film _for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was（ ）4.Ill go with you as soon as I

46、_ my homework.A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished（ ）5.If it _tomorrow, I wont go to the cinema.A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained（ ）6.She is going to be a nurse when she _-up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew（ ）7. 下列四句是“這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了?！钡挠⒆g文，哪一種不對(duì)？A. I have ha

47、d this book for three months.B. I have bought this book for three months.C. I bought this book three months ago.D. It is three months since I bought this book.（ ）8.Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.Oh, how nice of you! I_ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were going D. hadt thought; were going（ ）9.When I was at college I_ three foreign languages, but I_ all except for a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. s