初升高英語銜接知識12講

1、初升高英語銜接知識第1講重、難點：（一）認識初、高中英語的區(qū)別 即將開始的高中學習生活，特別是英語的學習是與初中階段有著很大不同的：1. 課本編排上的區(qū)別：初中的每一個單元是分為4課的，每篇中有的是對話，有的是閱讀文，也配有一些練習，而高中的每個單元并不分課，而是基本上按版塊劃分，大體為“Warming up”（熱身），即是針對本單元的話題提出的一些問題，以練習口語的形式做引子，便于進入本單元的主題，然后為“l(fā)istening”（聽力）和“speaking”（說），這兩部分都是旨在進一步提高我們的聽、說能力，難度較初中有較大的提高，請同學們做好準備。下個部分就是“Reading”了，高中的閱讀

2、文分為閱讀前和閱讀后的討論、思考問題并加入了有關的語言知識的學習及練習，可以說在內容上是極大地豐富了。除此之外還會有稍短的閱讀，寫作等方面的練習，即“Integrating skills”（綜合訓練）當然書后的workbook也與初中不同，內容更為豐富，練習也更多。2. 在詞匯上的區(qū)別：我們初中的教材已是新版本了，每個單元的單詞可能大家覺得已經不少了，但高中教材中的詞匯更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，這也是新編教材的一個特點，加入了許多當前常用的，新出現的流行的詞匯，也是與我們學的新編初中課本相承接的，所以，為了能盡快適應高中詞匯的學習，我們應該及早著手把初中階段的詞匯再熟悉一遍。 另外，對于高

3、中英語詞匯的學習，大家還要知道其要求是遠遠高于初中的，在學習單詞時，我們既要了解它在文中的意思，還要掌握它在練習中，考試中可能出現的所有意思，用法及搭配等。3. 在所學語法上的區(qū)別：在初中階段我們把基礎的語法內容已經學習過了，而在高中我們要學習的是更深更高層次的語法。如定語從句，非謂語動詞、名詞性從句，倒裝結構、虛擬語氣等等，其中的部分內容我們并不陌生，但是初中我們所接觸的還只是皮毛，高中階段的學習會比之前的所學內容復雜得多，所以我們要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞彌補好，在后面的學習中，我們也會一起與大家重溫這些知識并將之與高中內容做一對比，為大家步入高中學習打好基礎。4. 在課堂要求上的區(qū)別：大

4、部分的初中對學生的要求還是比較嚴格的，而這種嚴格與小學又是不同的，所以有一部分自覺性差的學生就被分化出來，在稍微寬松的環(huán)境中，對自己要求降低導致了滑坡的出現，而升入高中后又會有新的變化，對于自律要求就更加明顯了。如果你是按照老師要求做的學生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，適當增加課外閱讀及一些課外習題是有必要的；如果你是不太自覺的學生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交給老師的作業(yè)，那些如讀、背等要求也要認真完成才能使自己的高中英語學習逐步走上軌道。不管你屬于哪一種，都要持之以恒，千萬不可因為任何原因而放松對自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成績，也沒有理由沾沾自喜

5、。5. 在考試評估制度上的區(qū)別：這一區(qū)別可能是影響最大的一點，我們許多同學初中英語一直較差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中這種不正常的考試制度，很多人認為英語不用下功夫學，反正最后背背答案就可過關，這樣成績不錯，學得也很輕松。一旦抱有這種想法，初中這個重要的打基礎的階段就被荒廢過去了，這對我們升入高中后的英語學習是極為不利的，這就好比是建造沒有基礎的空中樓閣，肯定會感到很難，很吃力。進入高中之后我們的考試是沒有范圍的，不能靠背答案過關，而且所學所考的內容應該都是向高考看齊的，難度肯定不小，但同學們也不要害怕，只要認真努力，堅持不懈，做好充分迎接失敗的心理準備，然后在每次經歷中吸取經驗，一點點地彌補

6、自己的不足，肯定會取得很好的成績。（二）基礎語法再回顧句子結構 英語的句子結構組成是與漢語有著很大區(qū)別的，我們在學習的時候，很多同學受母語的影響太大，在英文寫作時完全按照漢語的順序將英文進行堆砌，這是因為我們對于英文句子的構成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟練，沒有形成英語語言習慣。規(guī)范的英文是由“主語+謂語+其他”。這種基本形式構成的，這種只有一套主、謂的句子叫做簡單句，它有5種基本形式，即主+謂（vi.）；主+系+表；主+謂（vt.）+賓；主+謂+賓+賓補；主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語。由此可見，要想用英文正確表述一個意思，寫成一句話，必須要有的就是主語和可以充當謂語的動詞，而且當這個動詞為不及物動詞時

7、，其后不可加賓語，當它是及物動詞時，要根據要求和該詞的用法在其后加上賓語或賓語及賓補或加上雙賓語。當然在這5種形式中系表結構也是很常用，很重要的一種，而且系表動詞常容易和實義動詞相混，從而導致了一些病句的出現。綜上所述，我們要想較好地掌握英文的句子結構必須弄清以下幾點內容：1. 可以充當謂語的幾種形式：既然謂語部分是構成句子的必要成份，那么掌握好它就起到了舉足輕重的作用，謂語部分可由以下幾種構成方式：（1）不及物動詞可以單獨充當謂語。如：They arrived yesterday .（2）及物動詞要加上賓語之后才可構成完整的結構，另外，如果不及物動詞后加上了一定的介詞，那么介詞后也要有賓語才

8、能完整。如： They reached Tianjin yesterday .They arrived in Tianjin yesterday . 他們昨天到達了天津。（3）系表結構可以構成謂語。如：She is a student . 她是個學生。He felt very happy . 他感到很高興。（4）情態(tài)動詞要加上動詞原形后才可構成完整的謂語部分。如：We should protect our environment . 我們應該保護環(huán)境。那么，動詞的哪些形式可構成謂語呢？ 行為動詞的原形：do 行為動詞的第三人稱單數：does 行為動詞的過去式：did be+行為動詞-ing形式

9、：be doing be+行為動詞的過去分詞：be done will+行為動詞原詞：will do have / has / had+行為動詞過去分詞：have / has / had done 系表動詞+表語2. 系表動詞與行為動詞的區(qū)別：系表動詞是表示狀態(tài)變化等的動詞，它包括be動詞及一些可充當系表動詞的實義動詞，其中后者在充當系表動詞時含義與充分行為動詞時是不同的。系表動詞后面接的是表語，而可以充當表語的是一些可以表示狀態(tài)、特征、特性等內容的詞或結構，如形容詞、名詞、介詞短語一些副詞、從句等等。這里我們尤其要注意的就是可充當表語的一些副詞指的是可以表征狀態(tài)特點的副詞，如：Class i

10、s over . 中的over表示的就是“結束了，完了”的這種狀態(tài)。而很多副詞并沒有這種功能，自然也就不可以充當表語，如happy和happily，前者為形容詞可表示主語的狀態(tài)，而后者是形容以何方式做的某事，是在修飾動作，而非表示狀態(tài)，因而，前者可作表語，后者則不可充當表語。行為動詞則是指描述具體或抽象行為、動作的動詞，它可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞兩種，如果想修飾這樣的動詞，則需要像happily這樣的副詞或是有相似的功能的詞或結構。如： She went home happily . 她高興地回家了。He did it with great difficulty . 我費了很大勁才完成了這件

11、事。3. 要掌握準動詞的性質、用法及搭配：在學習動詞時，尤其是重點動詞，我們一定要知道它是哪種動詞，及物？不及物？可否充當系表動詞？有的動詞性質較多，可能同時具有多種性質，這就需要我們注意它在何時可充當哪種動詞。另外，對于動詞的用法我們也要 掌握，如每個動詞后可帶或常帶什么結構，它有哪些習慣搭配，可構成什么詞組等。 4. 在寫簡單句時的方法： 我們要注意簡單句的順序一般應為主、謂、賓，而一些狀語如時間、地點方式等等狀語則要放到主要結構后面出現。當然，有時為了強調或語言的表達需要，狀語的位置會有所變化，但我們在寫句子時一定要把握好以上原則，而不能按照漢語去逐個翻譯。如“我們騎車去上學。”這個句子

12、如果按照漢語習慣很可能會寫成：We by bike go to school .或更有甚者可能還會寫出類似這樣的句子：We by bike to go to school .或We take a bike go to school . 等等錯誤的句子。但如果我們按照英文習慣來寫就不會出現以上錯誤了，主語We+謂語go to school+狀語by bike也就是We go to school by bike .【模擬試題】 詞語辨析（一）1. Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata ?      Yes ,

13、it really beautiful . A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears 2. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time . A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes 3. Oh , you painted the walls yourself ? Yes . It was not hard . The whole work didnt much . A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay 4.

14、Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei , then they were neck and neck . A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought 5. They will Guangzhou tonight . A. arrive B. get C. reach D. go6. Do you still have a headache , Billy ?   No , its . Im all right now , mum . A. dropped B. run C. left D. gone 7. It will abou

15、t half an hour to get to the park by bus . A. spend B. cost C. want D. take 8. I didnt quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again ? A. catch , speak B. hear , talk C. follow , explain D. listen , say 9. will you finish your homework ?   In half an hour . A. How long B. How soon

16、 C. How often D. What time10. They watched the game , and then they were invited to it . A. join B. join in C. take part D. attend11. Its going to rain . Wed better our things , so that they will not get wet . A. put up B. put down C. put away D. put in 12. Where can we get a football ?   

17、  Lets .A. lend Jim one B. lend one to JimC. borrow one from JimD. borrow one of Jim 13. When she was 22 years old , her dream to be a teacher . A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real 14. Its that some foreign students will come to our school next week . A. sure B. right C. real D.

18、 true 15. We made several different plans for out holiday , but we went to Huangshan . A. at the end B. in the end C. by the end D. to the end 16. He was looking very with himself , so I knew he had passed the examination . A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasant 17. He had a strange way of mak

19、ing his class and interesting . A. live B. lively C. living D. alive 18. When is he going to leave ?     next week . A. Sometime B. Some time C. Sometimes D. Some times 19. What words can you talk about the picture ? A. used to B. use to C. look for D. look up 20. Ted , the radio is t

20、oo loud . Please .A. turn it over B. turn it on C. turn it back D. turn it down 21. Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008 ?    I dont think so . Now the young the old can speak some English . A. either , or B. not only , but also C. neither , nor D. both ,

21、 or22. Look ! The bus is coming .    But there are too many people . We cant it . A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get up 23. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her . A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out 24

22、. Hello ! Can I speak to Alice , please ?     , please .A. Call on B. Go on C. Hold on D. Carry on 詞語辨析（二）1. Dont the road when the light is red . A. across B. cross C. pass D. past 2. Im thirsty . Please me something to drink . A. take B. bring C. carry D. show 3. If you to learn a f

23、oreign language well , you must practise it every day . A. like B. love C. want D. think 4. This digital camera is so expensive that I cant it . A. carry B. use C. pay D. afford 5. Im not tall enough to the book on the top of the shelf . A. feel B. take C. arrive D. reach 6. We are going to plant tr

24、ees tomorrow . Would you like to us ? A. follow B. share C. join D. enjoy 7. I you a pleasant journey . A. wish B. hope C. expect D. want 8. What would you like to us about your hometown ? A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say 9. Young people must learn to what is right and what is wrong . A. speak B. tal

25、k C. tell D. say10. Did you your pen-friend every month ?A. heard about B. hear from C. heard of D. hear to11. This is very difficult . I cant work it out . A. math B. physics C. question D. problem 12. The young lady over there our new English teacher . A. may B. maybe C. may be D. can be 13. We sh

26、ould keep in the reading-room . A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly 14. There was a strange sound outside . Mary went out and around , but she nothing . A. looked , saw B. saw , saw C. watched , looked D. looked , find 15. Father is sleeping . Please the radio . A. turn on B. put down C. turn do

27、wn D. put on 16. Its not polite to others when they are in trouble . A. get on well with B. play games with C. laugh at D. wait for 17. Jack always runs faster than Peter , but this time he him . A. went over B. fell behind C. put off D. dropped off 18. More and more foreigners want to their compani

28、es in Dalian . A. clean up B. look up C. pick up D. open up 19. Can I use the expression in the text ?     No . It has . Nobody uses it today . A. given up B. broken down C. gone out D. got off 20. I dont know Sams telephone number . Will you please in your address book for me ?A. loo

29、k up it B. look it up C. look for it D. look at it 21. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly . A. went on B. went over C. went down D. went out 22. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistakes . A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about 23.

30、Mrs. Green is out , I have to her baby at home . A. look at B. take out C. look for D. take care of 24. They often help the farmers to the crops in autumn .A. get in B. get on C. get back D. get to 詞語辨析（三）1. Lets him a message to meet us at the station . A. take B. get C. leave D. receive 2. Never f

31、orget to “ Excuse me ” when you trouble somebody . A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk 3. The war another three years before it ended in 1864 . A. had B. went C. fought D. lasted 4. The girls team us in the football match . A. beat B. knock C. hit D. won 5. He spoke so fast that I could not what he said

32、 . A. touch B. catch C. hear D. find 6. We can what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone . A. learn B. hear C. see D. understand 7. This bus was built to less than 60 passengers . A. carry B. take C. accept D. keep 8. The meeting room is large enough to fifty people . A. keep B.

33、have C. hold D. fill 9. I got up late this morning , so I had a breakfast and hurried to school . A. fast B. quick C. rapid D. soon 10. Many people were burnt to in the fire . A. die B. dead C. death D. dying 11. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second . A. family B. ho

34、use C. home D. room 12. We Chinese have sent a spaceship into . A. space B. sky C. heaven D. universe 13. Toms ill in hospital and his mother is him . A. looking for B. looking over C. looking at D. looking after 14. China another spaceship , “ Shenzhou III ” into space in March from the Satellite C

35、entre in China . A. put up B. put off C. sent up D. sent away 15. The students in our class very well with each other . A. get in B. get up C. get on D. get to16. Tim felt too hungry when he got home . He quickly all the food on the table . A. ate up B. looked up C. took up D. ate out 17. The ticket

36、 is on the floor . Could you please for me ? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up 18. You may and then decide if youll buy it . A. try on it B. try out it C. try it on D. try it out 19. Whats wrong with your aunt , Bill ?     Shes very ill . A doctor must be . A

37、. sent back B. sent up C. sent away D. sent for 20. The government will some new colleges for more students to receive higher education . A. set up B. set out C. put down D. put on 21. “ Get a ladder , please . I cant . ” Jim said in a tall tree . A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over 2

38、2. Did Jack come for the meeting last night ?    No . He was so tired that he soon in his room . A. fell behind B. fell off C. fell asleep D. fell over 23. If you dont know a word , you must the word in a dictionary .A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out 24. Please the TV .

39、 Id like to see the TV play . A. turn up B. turn on C. turn down D. turn off 詞語辨析（四）1. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others . A. noise B. noisy C. voice D. sound 2. Dad told us a very interesting story , which made all of us . A. smile B. smiling C. laugh D. laughing 3. My father is ill . I

40、 stay at home and look after him . A. have to B. must C. dont have to D. mustnt 4. Im sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School . A. win B. beat C. lose D. fail 5. It took her afternoon to check out information .A. the whole , the all B. the whole , all the C. whole , all the D.

41、whole the , the all6. Could you please help me the children ? A. wear B. dress C. put on D. dress in 7. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital . A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesnt return 8. Jack , all the things on the desk . A. puts away B. put away C.

42、puts on D. took away 9. , young man ! If youre late for work again , youll lose your job . A. Watch your step B. Take it easy C. Use your head D. Have a look 10. Im going to school now . Bye , Mum .    Wait ! Its cold outside . your coat , please . A. Put on B. Take off C. Put up D. T

43、ake down 11. Mr. Black , some boys are going to fight .    Youd better the police . A. send for B. send to C. look for D. look over 12. He has for three or four days . A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cold 13. The farmers are all busy the next year .A. get rea

44、dy for B. got ready for C. getting ready for D. gets ready for 14. The students will the hole the earth . A. fill , with B. full , to C. fill , to D. full , by 15. Jim Kate broke the mirror . The cat did . A. Both , and B. Either , or C. Neither , nor D. Not , but 16. When is the plane to Shanghai g

45、oing to take off ?    . Please get ready as soon as possible .A. For a moment B. Just a moment C. In a moment D. A moment ago 17. Why are you in such a hurry ?    I was told that my mother had been sent to the hospital . I have to leave . A. before long B. right now C.

46、from now on D. all the time 18. When the headmaster came into the hall , all the students to welcome him . A. sat down B. went out C. stood up D. turned back 19. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another . She didnt want them to in the park . A. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get rea

47、dy 20. I have friends . They often come to see me .A. a quite new B. a few quite C. quite a few D. quite few 21. Uncle Wang is man that he always helps others . A. such friend of B. such a friendly C. such friendly a D. such a wonderful 22. Lucy said she hadnt heard music before .A. such a beautiful

48、 piece of B. a beautiful C. so beautiful aD. such a wonderful 23. After we them , we the last match . A. beat , beat B. won , beat C. beat , won D. win , won 24. Would you please speak slowly ? I can hardly you . A. talk with B. agree with C. follow D. hear of 【試題答案】 詞語辨析（一）1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C

49、6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C詞語辨析（二）1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. A11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A詞語辨析（三）1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10

50、. C11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B詞語辨析（四）1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C【試題分析】詞語辨析（一）1. 選B?？疾?個動詞中可作表動詞的一項，且可表示“聽起來”，只有sounds符合。2. 選B?？梢越觟t做形式賓語的動詞A

51、、B、C三個均可，但A、C常用人做主語，且由句意思“互聯網使得在短時間內獲得很多新知識變得容易?！边@樣只有makes一項符合要求。6. 選D。此句意為“頭痛已經消失了?！彼詆one是正確選項，它可表示某人或某物、某事消失，不存在了。10. 選B。join后可以接組織等，表示長時間地加入，也可加某人，指短時間地加入；join in可以活動，比賽等；take part后加in才可加活動，比賽等，而attend較為正式，用于正式場合，如出席會議等。故選B。詞語辨析（三）10. 選C。固定搭配be burnt to + n. 被燒成，所以只有C為die的名詞。詞語辨析（四）6. 選B?？疾榕c“穿”有

52、關的動詞區(qū)別，其中只有dress后可加某人，意為給“某人穿衣服”。初升高英語銜接知識第2講-初中基礎知識疏理（2）重、難點有關簡單句、復合句及并列句的知識疏理：1. 簡單句：（1）定義：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子叫簡單句，如：We learn English . 我們學英語。（一個主語和一個謂語）Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing . 小張和小王都是北京人。（一個并列主語和一個謂語）He once lived and worked here . 他曾經在這里居住和工作過。（一個主語和一個并列謂語）My father and mother go