初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解與訓(xùn)練——英語(yǔ)主謂一致重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納

1、主謂一致的三個(gè)原則 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則該原則要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是醫(yī)生。The living-room walls are a light yellow. 客廳的墻是淡黃色。The two factories are in the same locality. 兩家工廠都在同一個(gè)地區(qū)。Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法語(yǔ)。The location of the house is near th

2、e highway. 房子的地點(diǎn)靠近公路。A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期內(nèi)造成大量損害。 2. 意義一致原則有時(shí)候謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表示的概念，而不是其語(yǔ)法形式：This news is important for us. 這條消息對(duì)我們很重要。Paris is among the largest cities in the would. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 論文有一百五十頁(yè)長(zhǎng)。Watch

3、out! The police are coming. 當(dāng)心，警察來了。Less people are going to university than usual. 現(xiàn)在上大學(xué)的人比平時(shí)少。 3. 就近原則有時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)決定于主語(yǔ)中最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)：Either you or I am wrong. 不是你錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了。Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老師和學(xué)生對(duì)此都不感興趣。 集合名詞做主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題 1. 通常用作復(fù)數(shù)的集合名詞police(警察)，people(人)

4、，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名詞，總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)：The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。People are beginning to talk about her. 人們開始議論她。Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。【注】goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，且只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義：Such clothes are very cheap. 那樣的衣服很便宜。All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的貨物都給他們送去了。 2. 只用作單數(shù)的不可數(shù)集

5、合名詞clothing(衣服)，poetry(詩(shī)歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(機(jī)械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠寶)，equipment(設(shè)備)等集合名詞通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示單數(shù)意義，用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。All their baggage was stolen. 他們所有的行李都被偷了。The furniture is convenient to move. 這家具搬起

6、來很方便。All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 這個(gè)工廠所有的機(jī)器都是中國(guó)產(chǎn)的。3. 既可表示單數(shù)意義也可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集合名詞family(家庭)，team(隊(duì)，隊(duì)員)，class(班，班上的全體學(xué)生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘務(wù)員)，committee(委員會(huì))，audience(聽眾)，public(公眾)等集合名詞，當(dāng)它們表示整體意義時(shí)，表單數(shù)意義，當(dāng)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體意義時(shí)，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義： Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一個(gè)大家庭。Her family a

7、re all tall. 她的一家人都很高。The team is the best in the league. 這個(gè)隊(duì)在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。The football team are having baths. 足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谙丛?。It was late, but the audience was increasing. 時(shí)間很遲了，但聽眾人數(shù)卻在增加。The audience were all moved to tears. 聽眾都感動(dòng)得流了淚。【注】有時(shí)沒有特定的語(yǔ)境，用單復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)均可以：The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 觀

8、眾對(duì)演出甚感激動(dòng)。The public has (have) a right to know whats in the report. 公眾有權(quán)知道這篇報(bào)告的內(nèi)容。并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù) 1. 由and和both.and連接的并列主語(yǔ)此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Jim and Mary are both interested in it. 吉姆和瑪麗都對(duì)此感興趣。Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹倆都是大學(xué)生。【注意】(1) 當(dāng)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)受each, every, no的修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)：Every

9、 boy and (every) girl likes the book. 每個(gè)男孩女孩都喜歡這本書。No desk and (no) chair was seen in the room. 房間里不見桌椅。(2) 當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)數(shù)相加時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)：Six and eight makes make fourteen. 六加八等于十四。(3) 當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)的詞語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常要用單數(shù)：A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)處看見一輛馬車。 2. 由or, nor, either.or, neithernor,

10、not onlybut also, notbut等連接的并列主語(yǔ)此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致(即遵循就近原則)。如：He or I am wrong. 不是他錯(cuò)了，就是我錯(cuò)了。Either you or he has taken it. 不是你拿了就是他拿了。Not only the children but also the mother wants to go. 不僅孩子們想去，母親也想去。注意這類句型的疑問句形式：Were you or he there? 當(dāng)時(shí)是你還是他在那兒?Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你還是怪他?【注意】在非正式文體中

11、，個(gè)別結(jié)構(gòu)(如neithernor)連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)可用復(fù)數(shù)：Neither his father nor his mother have has come. 他的爸爸和媽媽都沒來。 3. 由as well as, as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等連接的并連主語(yǔ)此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與前面一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：The teacher as well as the students has read it 不僅學(xué)生讀過它，老師也讀過。The teacher rather than the students is to bl

12、ame. 應(yīng)受責(zé)備的是老師而不是學(xué)生。數(shù)量概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù) 1. 表時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度、錢數(shù)、速度等的詞組作主語(yǔ)此時(shí)通常將其視為整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：Twenty years is a long time. 20年是很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。 2. 分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))作主語(yǔ)“分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其中名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大約有30%的學(xué)生未到。Three-fourths

13、 of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海?！咀⒁狻吭诂F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)即使該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)也可用單數(shù)(即將其視為整體)：Over sixty per cent of families own owns a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已擁有電視機(jī)。 3.“one in out of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Only one in ten students has passed the examination. 只有十分之一的學(xué)生通過了考試。One out of

14、twelve bottles was broken. 每12個(gè)瓶子中有一個(gè)破了?！咀⒁狻吭诜钦轿捏w中有時(shí)也用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。如：Nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate. 就全國(guó)范圍而言，五個(gè)成年人中有一個(gè)是文盲。 4.“all of (some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of)+名詞”作主語(yǔ)此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其中名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：Most of the people are against the plan. 大多數(shù)人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Most of the Earth

15、s surface is covered by water. 地球的大部分地區(qū)被水覆蓋。Half of the apple is bad. 這個(gè)蘋果有一半是壞的。Half of the apples are bad. 這些蘋果當(dāng)中有一半是壞的。 5.“one and a half復(fù)數(shù)名詞”與“a單數(shù)名詞and a half”作主語(yǔ)此時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)不少書認(rèn)為，這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)均用單數(shù)。如：One and a half months has passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已經(jīng)過去了一個(gè)半月。但是，國(guó)外一些詞書則認(rèn)為，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于這兩

16、個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)：One and a half months have passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已經(jīng)過去了一個(gè)半月。 6.“the a number of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)該結(jié)構(gòu)若用定冠詞，其后謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若用不定冠詞，其后謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)：The number of students is 4000. 學(xué)生人數(shù)為4000。A number of people were absent from the meeting. 許多人開會(huì)缺席。注意類似結(jié)構(gòu)：The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 這

17、家商店的品種豐富。A variety of books have been published. 已出版了各種各樣的書。不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致問題 1. someone, anyone等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：Someone is asking to see you. 有人找你。Nobody is to blame for it. 這誰(shuí)也不怨。No one wants to read such books. 沒有人想看那樣的書。 2. all

18、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)若指人，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)；若指事物或現(xiàn)象，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)：All have gone home. 大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)亮的不一定都是金子。比較：All is silent. 萬(wàn)籟俱寂。(指現(xiàn)象)All are silent. 人人都沉默不語(yǔ)。(指具體的人)【注意】若是“all of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其中名詞的數(shù)保持一致。 3. either和neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)若是單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)：Neither was satisfactory. 兩個(gè)都不令人滿意。The two guests have arriv

19、ed, and either is welcome. 兩位客人都到了，哪一位都受歡迎。【注意】若是“either neither of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，則其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)(正式文體)或復(fù)數(shù)(非正式文體)：Neither of the two computers is are cheap. 這兩臺(tái)電腦都不便宜。Is Are either of the boys ready? 兩個(gè)男孩都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？I dont think either of them is are at home. 我想他們倆個(gè)都會(huì)不在家。 4. each作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)單獨(dú)用作主語(yǔ)(或修飾主語(yǔ))，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù):E

20、ach student has his own desk. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都有自己的課桌。Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 兩個(gè)男孩進(jìn)來，每人提著一只箱子?！咀⒁狻?1) 兩個(gè)或多個(gè)“each單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。(2) “each of復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”用作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)一般要用單數(shù)Each of them was deeply frightened. 他們個(gè)個(gè)都驚恐萬(wàn)分。但是在非正式文體中(尤其是當(dāng) each of之后的名詞較長(zhǎng)時(shí))偶爾也可用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，但很少見，學(xué)生宜慎用。 5. none (of) 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)

21、若指不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若指復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)(正式文體)或復(fù)數(shù)(非正式文體)：None of the money is mine. 這筆錢沒有一點(diǎn)是我的。None of the boys like likes it. 這些男孩子誰(shuí)也不喜歡它。 6. 關(guān)于“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞是one還是其后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。一般說來，在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常被認(rèn)為是先行詞(即定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))，除非one of前有the (only) 修飾(此時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))：He is one of the people who we

22、re killed in the accident. 他是事故中喪命的人之一。He is the only one of the people who was killed in the accident. 他是事故中惟一喪命的人。 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ) 有的名詞單數(shù)與復(fù)形同形，如means(方法), sheep(綿羊), fish(魚), series(系列), works(工廠)等，當(dāng)它們用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)需根據(jù)這些名詞的實(shí)際意義來確定(到底表示單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù))，此時(shí)要特別注意其修飾語(yǔ)和上下文語(yǔ)境。如：Every possible means has been tr

23、ied. 每種可能的辦法都試過了。All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的辦法都試過了。注：若沒有特定的修飾語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)境，則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)均可。如：Are Is there any other means of doing it? 做這事還有其他的什么辦法嗎? a (the) number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的數(shù) 一、“the number +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：The number of the students increased to 500. 學(xué)生人數(shù)增加到了500人。The number of students

24、absent is 6. 缺席的學(xué)生人數(shù)為6。The number of jobs is increasing. 工作的數(shù)目正在增加。The number of chairs in the room is ten. 屋內(nèi)椅子共有十把。The number of the unemployed is still increasing. 失業(yè)的人還在增加。The number of cars has greatly in creased. 轎車的數(shù)量大大地增加了。The number of stamp-collectors is growing apace. 集郵者的人數(shù)在迅速增加。And here

25、 are the main points of the news again. The pound has fallen against the dollar. The Prime Minister has said that the governments economic policies are working. The number of unemployed has reached five million. There has been a fire. 下面把新聞要點(diǎn)再說一遍。英鎊對(duì)美元的比價(jià)已經(jīng)下跌。首相說政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策正在起作用。失業(yè)人數(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到500萬(wàn)。發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火二、“a

26、 number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：A number of people were injured. 不少人受了傷。There were a number of swans on the lake. 湖上有好些天鵝。There are a number of factors which were to consider. 有很多因素我們需要考慮。A number of houses were burned down in the fire. 在火災(zāi)中燒掉了不少房子。A large number ofpeople have come to see the exhibition

27、. 許多人來看展覽會(huì)。A number of workers have recently left the company. 最近有很多工人辭掉了工作。A number of veterans have retired and some are ready to. 很多老隊(duì)員已退役，另一些也準(zhǔn)備退役。A number of people have tried to find the treasure, but they have all failed. 許多人都努力尋找寶藏，但是他們都失敗了。 “the+形容詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 一、“the+形容詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若指一類人

28、，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The young are mostly ambitious. 年輕人多半有雄心。The sick and the wounded were sent home. 傷病員都送回家了。The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，貧者愈貧。The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用擔(dān)架把受傷的人抬走了。The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年輕人更容易感冒。二、若指?jìng)€(gè)別或抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：

29、The beautiful is not always the useful. 美的并不總是有用的。 The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的東西總是一種令人害怕的東西。The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善，善未必是真。注：有個(gè)別的“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)既表示單數(shù)意義，也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，若用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)需視情況而定。如：the good 指“好人”時(shí)表復(fù)數(shù)意義，指“善”時(shí)表單數(shù)意義；the accu

30、sed 指一名被告時(shí)表單數(shù)意義，指多名被告時(shí)表復(fù)數(shù)意義。比較：The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告無罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告無罪。(指多人) many a與more than one作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)的數(shù) many a的意思是“許多”，more than one的意思是“不止一個(gè)”，從意義上，它們表示復(fù)數(shù)，但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)卻習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)。如： many a Many a fine man has died in that battle.

31、許多優(yōu)秀的士兵死于那次戰(zhàn)役。Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. 許多船只毀于那些礁石之上。Many a young man has tried and failed. 很多年輕人都試過，而且失敗了。Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully. 許多成功的店鋪都非常樂意地付了房租。 more than oneMore than one man has been dismissed. 不止一人被解雇了。More than one person is involved in this.

32、 與此事有牽連的人不止一個(gè)。If things dont get better, more than one person is going to have to find a new job. 如果情況沒有好轉(zhuǎn)，需要另謀新工作的就不是個(gè)別人了。比較：Many a boy likes swimming.=Many boys like swimming. 許多男孩子喜歡游泳。More than one student has read the book.=More students than one have read the book. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生讀過這書。 時(shí)間、距離、金額作主語(yǔ)

33、時(shí)的主謂一致 表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，被看作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體也可以復(fù)數(shù)。如：Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行兩千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路程。Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them. 六個(gè)月過去了，我們依然沒有他們的消息。比較： Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 這個(gè)古幣沒有10塊錢這么高

34、的價(jià)格。Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那個(gè)古錢花了3塊錢。 Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。 Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他們結(jié)婚已有20年了。百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)的問題 將近百分之七十的資金由政府提供。誤：Nearly 70% of the fund were supplied by the Government.正：Nearly 70% of the fund was supplied by the Go

35、vernment.析：“數(shù)詞percent of名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)原則上與該結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)保持一致(這也是各級(jí)考試常遵循的原則)，比較：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大約有30%的學(xué)生遲到。注：在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)即使以上結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞為復(fù)數(shù), 其謂語(yǔ)也可用單數(shù)(即將其視為 整體)，如：Over sixty per cent of families own owns a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已擁有電視機(jī)?，F(xiàn)在大分部分教科書都有插圖。誤：A large percentage of scho

36、olbooks now has pictures.正：A large percentage of schoolbooks now have pictures.析：“a large (small) percentage of名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)原則上與該結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)保持一致。比較：Only a small percentage of the money is mine. 這筆錢當(dāng)中只有一少部分是我的。注：若其中的名詞為表示可數(shù)意義的集合名詞，則其謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)情況可用單數(shù)(視為整體)或復(fù)數(shù)(考慮其個(gè)體)，如：What percentage of the population read(

37、s) books? 識(shí)字的人占人口的百分之幾? 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(主要指不定式或動(dòng)名詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：1. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 換乘火車多少有些不便。Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult. 又聾又啞很難與人交往。Watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there.

38、 從電視上觀看那個(gè)比賽比現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀看可差遠(yuǎn)了。Reading by artificial light is bad for the eyes. 閱讀時(shí)使用人工照明會(huì)損害眼睛。Writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but were getting there. 編寫詞典是費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)事的工作, 但我們一定能成功。Writing a book was a more difficult job than hed thought. 寫書這工作可比他原來想像的難得多。2. 不定式作主語(yǔ)To say you were ignorant of th

39、e rules is no excuse. 說自己不知道規(guī)則是不能成為藉口的。How to earn daily bread by my pen was then the problem. 如何靠我的筆維持生計(jì)在當(dāng)時(shí)是一難題。To have such an easy examination paper was a gift from the gods. 碰到這樣容易的考卷, 那是老天爺?shù)亩髻n。To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 說自己不知道規(guī)則是不能成為藉口的。To say that he was displeased is

40、an understatement. 說他不高興是重事輕說。To move house requires forward planning. 要搬家得先做好計(jì)劃。To have told my secret would have given me away. 要是講出了我的秘密就是把我自己出賣了。  從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 從句(即主語(yǔ)從句)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Whoever told you that was lying. 不管這話是誰(shuí)對(duì)你說的，都是撒謊。Whichever climber gets to the top first will ge

41、t a 5,000 prize. 不管是誰(shuí)首先爬到山頂都將獲得5000英鎊的獎(jiǎng)金。Whether he has signed the contract or not doesnt matter. 他是否在合同上簽了字，是無關(guān)緊要的。What he chiefly wished for was a chance to explain. 他主要希望能有一個(gè)解釋的機(jī)會(huì)。注：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句后接的表語(yǔ)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，有時(shí)也可用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。如：What she needs is (are) friends. 她需要的是朋友。 “主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，介詞短語(yǔ)通常不用作主語(yǔ)，所以當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)只與介詞短語(yǔ)前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致，而