初一英語語法及主要知識點歸納總結(jié)

1、初一英語知識點歸納總結(jié)分類：英語學(xué)習(xí) Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from? 一短語： 1 be from = come from 來自于- 2 live in 居住在- 3 on weekends 在周末 4 write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人 5 in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國 6pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目 7the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New

2、York 紐約 8speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎 9go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動 二重點句式： 1 Wheres your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and

3、tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三本單元的國家，人民、語言對應(yīng)。 1 Canada- Canadian- English / French 2 France- French-French 3 Japan-Japanese-Japanese 4 Australia-Australian- English 5 the United States- American- English 6 the Un

4、ited Kingdom-British- Enghish Unit 2 Wheres the post office? 一 Asking ways: (問路) 1 Where is (the nearest) ？ （最近的）在哪里？ 2 Can you tell me the way to ？ 你能告訴我去的路嗎？ 3 How can I get to ？ 我怎樣到達呢？ 4 Is there near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有嗎？ 5 Which is the way to ？ 哪條是去的路？ 二Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go

5、 straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉(zhuǎn)。 3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發(fā)現(xiàn)它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。 5. Youd better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。（Youd better+動詞原形） 三詞組 1. across from 在的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的

6、對面 2. next to 緊靠 next to the supermarket 緊靠超市 3. betweenand 在和之間 between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間 among 表示位于三者或三者以上之間 4. in front of 在前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom. 課室前面有棵樹。 in the front of 在（內(nèi)）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 課室內(nèi)的前部有張桌子。 5. behind 在后面 behind m

7、y house 在我家后面 6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐 on the left/right of 在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學(xué)校的左邊 on ones left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊 7. go straight 一直走 8. down /along 沿著（街道） down/along Center Street 沿著中央街 9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近 10 welcome to 歡迎來到 11. take /have a walk 散

8、步 12. the beginning of 的開始,前端 at the beginning of 在的開始,前端 in the beginning 起初，一開始 13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快 我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi 坐出租車 16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ t

9、here/ home 到這/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach +地方 17go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路 go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林 18on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三重難點解析 1enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜

10、愛做某事 I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。 到目前為止，我們學(xué)了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。 2hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。 hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。 （從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬于大句子，所以叫從句。如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成

11、句中有句。） 3. if 引導(dǎo)一個表示假設(shè)的句子。 If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。 If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。 四本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對 1newold 2 quiet- busy 3 dirty- clean 4 big- small Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一重點詞組 eat grass eat leaves be

12、quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day during the day 二. 交際用語 1. Why do you like pandas? Because theyre very clever. 2. Why does he like koalas? Because theyre kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are f

13、rom South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because theyre friendly and clever. 5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass. 6. Shes very shy. 7. He is from Australia. 8He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves. 9He usually sleeps and

14、 relaxes 20 hours every day. 10Lets see the pandas first. 11Theyre kind of interesting. 12What other animals do you like? 13Why do you want to see the lions? 三. 重點難點釋義 1、kind of 有點，稍微 Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。 kind 還有“種類”的意思 如：各種各樣的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in o

15、ur school. 2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲 China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應(yīng)該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。 There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa. 3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的 它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。 The people in Chengdu are very friendly. 4、with prep. 跟，同，和在一起 I

16、usually play chess with my father. 注意區(qū)別與and的用法，and通常用于連接主語或賓語，連接主語時， 如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如： My father and I usually play chess together. Play with “和一起玩耍”“玩” I often play with my pet dog. Dont play with water! 5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。 通常說in the day, during the day, at night。 Koala

17、bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night. 6、leaf n. 葉子 復(fù)數(shù)形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wifewives, wolfwolves, knifeknives等。 7、hour n. 小時；點鐘 hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示“一個小時”， 即：an hour。 There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour. 8、be from 來自 be from = come from Pandas are from China. = Pandas

18、 come form China. 9、meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“許多”時，使用much來修 飾，即：much meat He eats much meat every day. 10、grass n. 草，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“許多”時，使用much來修飾，即：much grass。 There is much grass on the playground. 四. 語法知識 特殊疑問句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。 特殊疑問句的基本構(gòu)成有

19、兩種情況： 1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。這是最常見的情況。例如： Whats your grandfathers telephone number? 你爺爺?shù)碾娫捥柎a是多少？ Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？ Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)？ When is he going to play the piano? 他什么時候彈鋼琴？ Where does he live? 他住在哪兒？ How are you? 你好嗎？ How old are you? 你多大了？ How many brot

20、hers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹？ 2. 疑問句+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如： Who is on duty today? 今天誰值日？ Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老師？ 我們學(xué)過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如： I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢？ What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎么樣？ Unit 4 I want to be an act

21、or. 一短語： 1 want to do sth 想要作某事 2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人 3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home. 4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home 5 in the day 在白天 6 at night 在晚上 7 talk with/ to sb 和-談話 8

22、be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher. 9 in a hospital 在醫(yī)院l 10 work/ study hard 努力工作 11 Evening Newspaper 晚報 二重點句式及注意事項： 1 詢問職業(yè)的特殊疑問詞是what；有三種主要句式 What + is / are + sb? What + does/ do + sb + do? What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job? 2 People give me their money or get th

23、eir money from me. 3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night. 4 I like talking to people. 5 I work late. Im very busy when people go out to dinners. 6 Where does your sister work? 7 then we have a job for you as a waiter. 8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as

24、a reporter. 9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends? 10 We are an international school for children of 5-12. 三 本單元中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 1 policeman- policemen 2 woman doctor- women doctors 3 thief-thieves 首先 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) I have an apple.其次 定狀補 I really have a big apple. really做have的狀語 狀語修飾動詞 動詞一般就是謂語動詞 big做apple的定語

25、定語修飾名詞 名詞一般是主語或賓語最后主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 它與主謂賓很相似 只不過謂語動詞時系動詞 最常見的是be動詞及其變形 I am a student。主語通常用于句子開端，主要有：i,you,he,she,it,we,they，但it有時用作形式主語，表特指。謂語，通常放在主語之后，一般是動詞，表示“某某人在?！辟e語，通常放在謂語之后，一般是主語的賓格。有時候是人，有時候是物。定語，狀語，通常是從句。定語從句：常有關(guān)系代詞thatwhichwhowhoes，關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy.通常選擇關(guān)系詞的步驟是：1、確定先行詞2.確定關(guān)系詞.主系表：主，就是主語。系，特指系動詞，就是說當(dāng)句子

26、中沒有謂語時，用系動詞來代替。表，修飾系動詞用。1、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comed

27、y-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)

28、數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man docto

29、r-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs,

30、 VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié)三）由

31、and并列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最后一個s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her he

32、r hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再

33、加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,

34、go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-ty

35、ing系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-

36、redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle-

37、 less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法句式1.陳述句肯定陳述

38、句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find he

39、r doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a)

40、Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies d

41、o you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? 問時間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time

42、do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 問地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 問人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Pe

43、ter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your

44、 family name? My family names Smith.12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問價格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問謂語(動作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Wha

45、ts your father? Hes a doctor.句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.S(主） + Vi（不及物動詞）（謂） Time flies. 1) S + V + adverbial(狀語） Birds sing beautifully. 2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介詞短語） He went on holiday. 3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式） We stopped to have a rest. 4) S + Vi+ Participle (分詞） I'll go swimming. 2. S (主）+ Vt （及物動詞）（謂）+ O（賓） We

46、 like English. 1) S + VT + N/Pron I like music. I like her. 2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式） I want to help him. 常用于這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。 3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know w

47、hat to do. 常用于這句型的動詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。 4) S + VT + Gerund I enjoy living here. 常用于這句型的動詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, m

48、ind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。 5) S + VT + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right. 常用于這句型的動詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得）, hear（聽說）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（當(dāng)心）, notice, propose, re

49、quest, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪）。 3. S (主）+ V（謂）（lv)( 系動詞）+ P（表） We are Chinese. 除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延續(xù)的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, st

50、ay, rest等。4)表瞬時的動詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞） He is a boy. This is mine. 2) S + Lv + Adj（形容詞） She is beautiful. 3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞） Class is over. 4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health. 5) S +

51、Lv + Participle(分詞） He is excited. The film is interesting. 4. S (主）+ VT （謂）+ In O（間接 賓） + D O（直接 賓） I give you help. 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book. I bought May a book. 2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to me. He bought a coat for me. 間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有：allow, bring, deny,

52、 do(帶來）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。 5. S (主）+ VT（謂）+ O（賓） + O C（賓補）

53、 I make you clear. 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom. 常用于這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。 2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white. 常用于這句型的動詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, w

54、ant, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order. 4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive I wish you to stay. I made him work 常用于這句型的動詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, le

55、ave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。 5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分詞） I heard my name called. I feel something moving. 常用于這句型的動詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。 6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive He show me how to do it. 常用于這句型的動詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach