定語(yǔ)從句 (2)

1、定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念在復(fù)合句中，用來(lái)修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞，我們叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句要放在先行詞的后面，對(duì)先行詞起修飾限定的作用。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）和關(guān)系副詞where，when，why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又做定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞例句that在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物A fish is an animal that lives in the water.The moon cakes that mother cook

2、ed taste nice.指人Who is the man that is reading a newspaper?The boy that was talked to yesterday is Jim.which在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物The silk which is produced in Suzhou sells well.The songs which the Backstreet Boys sang were very popular.Who，whom在從句中分別做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whose在從句中做定語(yǔ)指人The foreigner who visited our class ye

3、sterday is from Canada.The person whom you just talked with is our head teacher.I know the woman whose daughter studies in our school. 1. 由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞who用來(lái)代替先行詞為人的名詞或代詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，不可省略。此時(shí)，who不能譯成“誰(shuí)”，而是理解為所替代的先行詞。e.g. Do you know the boy? He is always late for schoolDo you know the boy who i

4、s always late for school?你認(rèn)識(shí)上學(xué)總遲到的那個(gè)男孩嗎? 在上面的例句中，the boy被who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾，who代替the boy(指人)并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 2由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞that用來(lái)代替先行詞為人、物的名詞或代詞并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指人可與who替換，指物可與which替換，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。e.g. The book is interestingIt cost me a lot of money這本書(shū)很有趣。它花了我很多錢(qián)。The book that(=which)cost me a lot of money is

5、 interesting.花了我很多錢(qián)的那本書(shū)很有趣。The hero is a PLA manHe saved me from the fire英雄是位解放軍戰(zhàn)士。他把我從火中救出來(lái)。The hero that(=who)saved me from the fire is a PLA man把我從火中救出來(lái)的英雄是位解放軍戰(zhàn)士。The book is well writtenI bought it yesterday那本書(shū)很好。我昨天買(mǎi)的。The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is well written我昨天買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)寫(xiě)得很好。 3. 由關(guān)系代詞w

6、hich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞which用來(lái)代替先行詞為物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指物可與that替換，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。但如果作介詞賓語(yǔ)，并且介詞提前，則不能省略，也不可換為that。e.g. This is the room（which/that）I painted last week .（作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）這就是我昨天粉刷的房間。This is the magazine about which we were talking.=This is the magazine（which/that）we were talking about .這就是我們剛才談?wù)摰哪潜倦s志。4

7、. 由關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞whom用來(lái)代替先行詞為人名或代詞，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。但如果作介詞賓語(yǔ)，并且介詞提前，則不能省略，也不可換為who。e.g. He is the man（whom）/（=who）I met in the street last week . 他就是我上星期在街上遇見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。5. 關(guān)系代詞that與which的區(qū)別【注】下列情況中選用that，不能用which。 當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由ev

8、ery, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)e.g. (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you. 先行詞被the last，the very，the only，the sam

9、e等修飾e.g. (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾。e.g. This is the most wonderful film that I have ever seen 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。e.g. Look at the boy and his dog that are walking along riverside 先行詞

10、為數(shù)詞時(shí)。e.g. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the twothat are still alive. 主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。e.g. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)e.g. (1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me

11、 most?三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞例句when在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，指時(shí)間I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.where在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指地點(diǎn)Everyone wants to visit the place where Chairman Mao once worked.why在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，指原因I dont know the reason why she didnt agree to our study plan.1關(guān)系副詞when 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 當(dāng)先行詞是“時(shí)間”時(shí)，并在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞用when。Do you remember the day when we moved here?2. 關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 當(dāng)先行詞是“地點(diǎn)”時(shí)，并在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞用where。