中考閱讀之主旨大意(共6頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上研究性學(xué)習(xí)探究初中英語閱讀策略（一）I. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1. 學(xué)生了解閱讀理解中主旨大意題的常見設(shè)問方式；2. 學(xué)生通過典型實(shí)例探究閱讀理解中主旨大意題的解題思路；3. 學(xué)生通過課堂即時(shí)訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)化主旨大意題的解題策略。II. 教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)&難點(diǎn)：通過典型實(shí)例探究閱讀理解中主旨大意題的解題策略。III. 教學(xué)過程I. 主旨大意題型初步感知1. 主旨大意題的考察內(nèi)容所謂主旨大意題，就是指那些針對文章的主要內(nèi)容、主題、標(biāo)題或?qū)懽髂康乃O(shè)置的問題。這類題主要考查同學(xué)們在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法對文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)的能力。 2. 主旨大意

2、題的題干表現(xiàn)形式 2.1 主要內(nèi)容型: What is the passage / text / article mainly about? What is the main / general idea of this passage? This passage mainly tells us about / that _. 2.2 主題型: What is the topic / subject of the article? Which subject is discussed in the text? 2.3 最佳標(biāo)題型: What is the best title for this

3、 text / passage / article? Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? 2.4 寫作目的型: The purpose of this article / passage / text is to_. The authors main purpose of writing the passage is _. What is the writers purpose of writing this passage? The article has been written to expla

4、in _.II. 針對不同文體的主旨大意題解題策略探究在做主旨大意題時(shí)，不管是哪一種題型,關(guān)鍵的一步是要找出主題句或和主題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，從而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。1. 議論、說明體裁的文章在議論文和說明文中，文章的主題通常出現(xiàn)在首段或末段。第一段的作用通常是給出作者的觀點(diǎn)或引出將要介紹的事物,而末段的作用通常是總結(jié)全文、重申論點(diǎn)。因此，在閱讀議論文和說明文時(shí)，對于首段和末段一定要仔細(xì)閱讀，尋找對全文有提綱挈領(lǐng)或概括結(jié)論性的語句，因?yàn)槟峭ǔ＞褪俏恼碌闹黝}所在。但有時(shí)文章中并不存在明確點(diǎn)明主題的句子，這時(shí)可以聯(lián)系每段的中心句來概括、總結(jié)，然后得出主題。每個(gè)段落也是相對的一個(gè)小整體，

5、有著各自的中心,而這個(gè)中心通常由段落中的一句話表達(dá)出來，即段落的主題句(topic sentence)。由此,我們可以看出，文章各段的主題句構(gòu)成了一篇文章的"骨架"。看清了這個(gè)"骨架"的輪廓，弄清了各段與文章主題的關(guān)系，不但全文的主旨，即便是隱藏在文字深層的作者的寫作目的或意圖也會(huì)躍然紙上。每段中的主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段首、段尾或是段中，但以出現(xiàn)在段首的情況居多。盡管每段主題句的位置不固定，但尋找起來也并不難。記住主題句是能簡潔明了地概括全段的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性的一句話,段內(nèi)的其他句子都是對主題句的進(jìn)一步解釋、說明、論證或拓展。例1:Our

6、neighborhood has really changed. When I last visited there, about half of the houses had been torn down (拆除) to make way for a highway. The rest of the buildings were covered with billboards (宣傳板)and surrounded by traffic signs and garbage. Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty, noisy and full

7、 of cars.【分析】本段第一句話的概括性最強(qiáng),指出環(huán)境發(fā)生了巨大變化。其他幾句話分別具體說明都發(fā)生了哪些變化,以及現(xiàn)在的樣子。因此,第一句為本段的主題句。2. 記敘體裁的文章記敘文通常按時(shí)間先后或事情發(fā)展的順序來敘述。尋找這類文章的主題時(shí)也要特別留意首段和末段,因?yàn)樽髡哂袝r(shí)會(huì)在敘述事件之前或之后流露出自己對它的看法和情感,而這正是解題的關(guān)鍵。還有些情況下,文中沒有明確的主題句,即主題隱含在行文之中。必須根據(jù)文章中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行全面考慮,綜合分析。這時(shí)要注意表示時(shí)間和順序的詞語,以把握事情發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。還要特別留意那些概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞,或者反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞等,這樣才能猜測出作者

8、在用詞、語氣之中流露出的隱含信息。例2:Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia (梔子花) was delivered to my house. No card ever came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped trying to find out the senders name and was just pleased with the beautiful

9、 white flower, in soft pink paper.I never stopped imagining (想像) who the giver might be, though. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these daydreams. Shed ask me if I had been especially kind to someone. Perhaps it was the old man across the stre

10、et. Id delivered his mail during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.One month before my graduation, my father died. I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didnt care whether I had a new dres

11、s or not. My mother, in her own sadness, however, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved. In fact, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia: lovely, strong and perfect, with perhaps a bit of mystery (神秘).My mother died ten days

12、after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. A Childhood DreamB. A Mothers LoveC. A Graduation PartyD. A Special Birthday【分析】本文寫的是一位母親在自己女兒成長的過程中以一種獨(dú)特的方式每年在女兒生日那天不署名送女兒梔子花來表達(dá)對女兒的愛。本篇文章圍繞愛展開,開頭寫暗送女兒梔子花,并鼓勵(lì)

13、女兒去想像美好。當(dāng)女兒遇到挫折時(shí),母親鼓勵(lì)女兒要勇敢地面對困難。盡管文章中并沒有出現(xiàn)主題句,但是以上這些關(guān)鍵信息充分說明了B項(xiàng)"A Mothers Love"是正確項(xiàng)。3. 新聞體裁的文章由于新聞報(bào)道特殊的體裁結(jié)構(gòu)，通常第一句是一個(gè)較長的句子,交待出主要事件、發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。如果不是非常有必要交待時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的事情,也至少會(huì)在第一句中點(diǎn)出要報(bào)道的對象和側(cè)重點(diǎn)。例3:JAKARTA (Xinhua) The Indonesia Health Ministry said that a three-year-old Indonesian boy died of bird flu

14、 (流感) on Wednesday. He became the 108th people who died of this disease in the country. Nyoman Kandun, the leader of the Health Ministry, told Xinhua on telephone that the boy loved to play with birds .【分析】這則新聞報(bào)道了一個(gè)3歲的男孩死于禽流感的事情。首句就交代清楚了事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間(on Wednesday)、地點(diǎn)(Indonesia)、人物(a 3-year-old boy)以及主要情節(jié)(

15、died of bird flu)。III.小試牛刀1. Samantha, I cant eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your soft voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon! What is the main idea of this paragraph? A. Samantha, your smile is very lo

16、vely. B. Samantha, I want to hear your soft voice. C. Samantha, I miss you very much. D. Samantha, I cant eat and sleep well.2. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants (仆人). They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these robots and they w

17、ill be able to answer us. They will be smart, strong, and tire-less workers. Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier. Which sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph? A. Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants. B. We can talk to these robots and they can answer

18、 us. C. Robots will look and behave much like real humans. D. The robots will be smart, strong, and tireless workers.3.In April this year,lots of bags full of small change (零錢) were seen at bus stops in Tianjin.They were made for passengers to turn their notes into small change.And such an idea came

19、 from four students from Zhongbei Middle School,Tianjin.“People will surely feel worried when they take a bus without coins.We just want to do something to help them,” said Wang Yongcun,15,one of the four students.The four boys spent their whole weekend making the change bags.After that they went to

20、 see the number of the passengers at each bus stop near their school,and then chose the top six stops to put the bags.Many people think that the four boys have really done a good job.But,things didnt go as the boys thought.Two days later,they found that the money was gone,and that even the bags were taken.It really made them sad but they would not give up.Their classmates and teachers came to help them in time.They put their pocket money in bags again.And the teachers also taught them to make better change bags.They tried their best to do it.The four boys