2012屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品學(xué)案(湖北專用)：第4模塊-完成句子-專題3-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(共13頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2012屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品學(xué)案（湖北專用）：第4模塊 完成句子 專題三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題導(dǎo)讀非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以其形式多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、內(nèi)涵豐富、功能較多而成為高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。從近幾年湖北高考完成句子的試題看，對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查立意較低，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞基本概念、基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其基本功能的考查。考查內(nèi)容涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)；不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞及過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，以及動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，還有獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，重復(fù)考查同一概念的幾率較小，所以復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要善于分析歸納知識(shí)盲區(qū)，并進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的訓(xùn)練，以提高學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。五年

2、高考已考測(cè)試點(diǎn)： 非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。2012年復(fù)習(xí)備考考點(diǎn)聚焦： 考點(diǎn)(1)非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)其主要考點(diǎn)如下： 1動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)及其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和主語(yǔ)從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。如： His being elected our team leader (That he was elected our team leader)made us all very excited.他被選為我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，這使我們都很興奮。2接v.­ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。 下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't h

3、elp, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit等。下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接動(dòng)名詞：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth等。介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞：what about，how about，without，be fond of，be g

4、ood at等。3接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有別的動(dòng)詞。remember to do sth.記住要做某事；remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事forget to do sth.忘記要做某事； forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事regret to do sth.遺憾要做某事； regret doing sth.后悔做過(guò)某事try to do sth.設(shè)法，試圖； try doing sth.試試看，試一試mean to do sth.打算做，想要；mean doing sth.意味著，就是注：need/want/require doing(to be done) 需要

5、被做4. “特殊疑問(wèn)詞 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。下列動(dòng)詞后可接“特殊疑問(wèn)詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find，out，advise，discuss等。5. “wish/intend/plan/mean to have done”表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。6?？季湫停?1)It's adj./n. to do和It's no good/no use doing(2)It is good(nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid)of sb. to do sth.It is possible(

6、important, necessary)for sb. to do sth. (3)consider, think, make, feel, find, know, regard, believe it 賓補(bǔ)(adj./n.)to do sth. (4)have trouble/difficulty/a good time(in) doing； (5)It takes sb. some time to do sth.(6)have no choice but to do sth./cannot help but do sth. 考點(diǎn)(2)非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)其主要考點(diǎn)如下：1分詞、不定式作定語(yǔ)

7、的區(qū)別。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的、完成的動(dòng)作，或是不具有時(shí)間性的概念；現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生；不定式一般表示未來(lái)的、具體的動(dòng)作。此外，分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常和定語(yǔ)從句相互轉(zhuǎn)化。如：The Computer Centre , built last year(完成的、被動(dòng)的), costs lots of money, being built now(進(jìn)行的、被動(dòng)的)。相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句：The Computer Centre, which was built last year, costs lot of money, which is being built now.2分詞、不定式

8、作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)性、完成性；不定式側(cè)重動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。常帶分詞、不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的兩類(lèi)典型動(dòng)詞：(1)種類(lèi)：感官動(dòng)詞see, notice, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find等。使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get, leave, send, keep等。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)：see(watch, notice)賓語(yǔ) doing/being done/done/do(主動(dòng))be seen (watched, noticed) doing/being done/done/to d

9、o(被動(dòng)) 3不定式作定語(yǔ)的特殊用法。(1)下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。(2)不定式有時(shí)要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和邏輯賓語(yǔ)都出現(xiàn)在不定式前面，只能用主動(dòng)形式；若在句中找不到不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)you)Do you have anything to

10、be washed？(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人來(lái)做)在形容詞以及含有形容詞的名詞后的不定式，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其中形容詞常見(jiàn)的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如：The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished)4?？季湫停篵e reported/said/to do/to be doing/to have done考點(diǎn)(3)非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)其主要考點(diǎn)如下：1現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和不定式作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。不定式作狀語(yǔ)，修飾

11、動(dòng)詞，在句中表示行為目的、結(jié)果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。in order(not) to, so as(not)to用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)；enough, too, soas to do, suchas to do作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，如：The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. I'm not such a fool as to believe that.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語(yǔ)，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞作狀

12、語(yǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征，有“令人”之意，如amusing, exciting, interesting, surprising；過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，有“對(duì)感覺(jué)如何”之意，如excited, relaxed, worried, shocked, disappointed3?？季湫停壕湫停簅nes dream/plan/goal/aim/intention/purpose/ is to do sth.sth. remain done (某事某物處于狀態(tài))/ sth. remain to be done(un

13、done)(某事某物有待于) do all one can to do sth.意為“盡力做”tooadj./adv.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定意義，意為“太而不能”too ready(glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy)to結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義。 考點(diǎn)(4)獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：名稱或代詞主格分詞 如果構(gòu)成分詞的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，則使用表示主動(dòng)意義的現(xiàn)在分詞；如果構(gòu)成分詞的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則使用表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞；如： The problems solved ( As the problems were solved),

14、the quality has been improved.隨著問(wèn)題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。 考點(diǎn)(5)獨(dú)立不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：名稱或代詞主格不定式 不定式的主動(dòng)形式。在獨(dú)立不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果“名詞或代詞主格”是“不定式”動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者，則兩者在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。如：Nobody to help us tomorrow, we can't finish our task ahead of time. 明天沒(méi)有人來(lái)幫忙，我們不可能提前完成任務(wù)。 不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如果“名詞或代詞主格”是“不定式”動(dòng)作的承受者，則兩者在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 如：More p

15、resents to be given, she will find it difficult to accept. 再多給她一些禮物，她就會(huì)覺(jué)得很難接受。 考點(diǎn)(6)with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的是形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等。其中不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的、將來(lái)的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞的­ing形式表示主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)意義，也可表示動(dòng)作已完成?？键c(diǎn)(7)特色句式There being 名詞或代詞主格。這是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式，在意義上表示存在，充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)，其中的being不能省略。如： There being nothing inte

16、resting in the lecture ( As there was nothing interesting in the lecture), the listeners felt a bit sleepy. 因?yàn)檠葜v中沒(méi)有什么令人感興趣的東西，聽(tīng)眾感到有點(diǎn)困倦。 有的分詞短語(yǔ)可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：generally speaking，judging from/by，supposing(假如)等。有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，表明說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度，在句子中作獨(dú)立成分。如：to be honest，to be sure, to tell you the truth，to

17、 cut a long story short，to be frank，to make matters/things worse等等。 真題典例12011·湖北卷 It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _(凍僵了的臉)(freeze)1frozenface考查過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)。face和freeze之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。答案為frozenface。 22011·湖北卷 _(把鑰匙握在手上), he looked for them everywhe

18、re. (hold)2Holding the keys in the/(his)hand/With the keys held in the(his)hand/The keys held in the/(his)hand考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。其中，hold和he之間構(gòu)成的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，其答案為Holding the keys in the/ his hand。同時(shí)，表示伴隨狀態(tài)的狀語(yǔ)還可以用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)時(shí)候key和hold之間構(gòu)成的就是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故其答案為With the keys held in the/his hand；不僅如此，主分句的動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致，故此

19、處還可以運(yùn)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其答案為T(mén)he keys held in the/his hand。 32011·湖北卷 A number of the paintings in this castle are believed _(被毀掉)in a fire in 2009.(destroy)3to have been destroyed考查不定式用法。It be said/believed/thought/considered/reported that sb./sth.sb./sth. be said/believed/thought/considered/reported to是一

20、固定結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子含義，“毀掉”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“認(rèn)為”之前，并且已經(jīng)完成，故選擇不定式的完成時(shí)to have done；同時(shí)，paintings和destroyed之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為被動(dòng)完成時(shí)to have been destroyed。42010·湖北卷 _(不會(huì)用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)4Not being able to use/Being unable to use/Not being capable of using/Being inca

21、pable of using考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。52010·湖北卷 After she completes the project, she'll have _(沒(méi)什么要擔(dān)心的). (worry)5nothing to worry about考查不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞 “worry”與被修飾的名詞 “nothing” 形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由于 “worry” 是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面須加上介詞about，由此可知答案為nothing to worry about。62010·湖北卷 _(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest

22、 and looks very attractive. (paint)6Painted考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ) the building是動(dòng)作paint的作用對(duì)象，因此用過(guò)去分詞Painted。72009·湖北卷 When you are finished with the electric iron, don't forget _(關(guān)掉它). (turn)7to turn it off考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。forget to do sth意為“記著要去做”；“關(guān)掉”是turn sth off；并且要注意代詞的用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知答案為to turn it off。82009

23、3;湖北卷 _ (獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states.(win)8Winning a scholarship考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。“獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”是win a scholarship，此處要用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，因此答案為winning a scholarship。9You'd better go and_(把你的轎車(chē)洗洗)No, I 'll do it myself.(wash)9have/get your car washed考查have sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)

24、答語(yǔ)可知，這里表示“讓某事被別人做”，應(yīng)該用have sth done結(jié)構(gòu)，由此可知答案為have/get your car washed。10They sat together around the table, with_(門(mén)關(guān)著)(shut)10the door shut考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。本題是“with名詞/代詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”型的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞the door與“關(guān)著”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞shut，由此可知答案為the door shut。 新題預(yù)測(cè)考試動(dòng)向預(yù)測(cè)(110小題)：1_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the fin

25、als.(remain)吉姆是否適合打決賽還有待證明。1It remains to be seen2_， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(bite)被咬了兩次，郵遞員拒絕給我們送信了，除非我們把狗鎖起來(lái)。2Bitten twice 3The old lady is said to have three children，two of them _.(study)這位老太太有三個(gè)孩子，其中兩個(gè)在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。3studying abroad4My daughter was badly hurt

26、 in the accident.I really regretted _ from school yesterday.(pick)我的女兒在事故中嚴(yán)重受傷。我很后悔昨天沒(méi)有開(kāi)車(chē)去學(xué)校接她。4not having picked her up/not picking her up5Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication，unless _，may lead to serious problems.(handle)因缺少社會(huì)溝通而產(chǎn)生的誤解如果不妥善處理的話很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。5handled properly 6W

27、hen she noticed the teacher _，she lowered her head in shame.(stare)當(dāng)她注意到老師正盯著她的時(shí)候，她羞愧地低下了頭。6staring at her7Every year one million tourists visit Stonehenge, which is believed _ before the Pyramids, about 4000 years ago. (construct )每年都有上百萬(wàn)的人參觀巨石陣，它被認(rèn)為是修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。7to have been constructed 8The mu

28、dslide is reported _ more than 1400 lives in Zhouqu County. (claim)據(jù)報(bào)道，發(fā)生在舟曲縣的塌方已奪去了1400多人的生命。8to have claimed 9The mine explosion in Heilongjiang Province caused 104 deaths, with four other miners still _.(trap)黑龍江省的煤礦爆炸導(dǎo)致了104人死亡，仍有4名礦工被困地下。9trapped underground10To every one of us, _ is a great hon

29、or. (admit)對(duì)于我們中的每一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，被北大錄取是極大的榮幸。10being admitted to/into Beijing University11At Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony，_(感到非常自豪)(feel)11feeling very proud 12The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with _(蹺著二郎腿), waiting for praise from his teacher. (cross)12his legs crossed13The catastrophy _(呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)的) in the