專題07 語法無憂 動(dòng)詞我有（教師版）-【中考手冊(cè)】2022年中考英語知識(shí)總梳理（牛津上海版）.docx

1、專題07語法無憂 動(dòng)詞我有概念學(xué)習(xí)誤區(qū)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)碩系動(dòng)詞知識(shí)梳理知能提升分類及物動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞中作我遇的謨 彤容詢可作Hit, H« 不學(xué)法 指導(dǎo)MAB4S. KHMS定明的姑輸形式 在一1»明中.船動(dòng)iflU使用動(dòng)閭旗形襄像盡動(dòng)詢 5.助動(dòng)調(diào)/ - 系動(dòng)伺R實(shí)義的詢，衰示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詢BMltta help, gm*, show, want等««>».亦#連系功切義， 但不It獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊g為動(dòng)詞/分類 /勒就國(guó)flo. 5. run.二助動(dòng)詞分類情態(tài)動(dòng)詞havo(twlh) to. uMd to MWWSttflWfimutt. cwMco

2、uU). truiy(m»flht)Moffwybo at home They can t be m tfio omcc 情態(tài)動(dòng)很 H璃測(cè)可作情戀動(dòng)MR0XXM）. IHKWOUW）又胃作»可作情態(tài)幼詢. I 又可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詢概念kop. rost, remain.椅tt 系動(dòng)詢 stay, be. standK止暴動(dòng)詢 prove, tum out箱霜您MP"不及物動(dòng)詢不及物動(dòng)詞表示語態(tài)構(gòu)成貶何句_ become, grow. tum. fal. 孕化系幼伺 q(m. go. come, run表示*咨be. have. do. shall. wiB. shoul

3、d, would本身有一定的詢義.但婆與 動(dòng)調(diào)is夠及nit動(dòng)ma-K使用.給 通勸iflit添情本色彩.豪示仗詛人 K有關(guān)行為或事軸的為度*».U 為其可能、位it或會(huì)，等短語動(dòng)詞是一種固定詞坦，有 其特別的意義和用法動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)一般必須與主語 的人稱和數(shù)一玫及物動(dòng)詢后面必須加賓語，意 義才完整系動(dòng)調(diào)本身有一定調(diào)義,但 不能獨(dú)立作謂語.必預(yù)與衰 語一起構(gòu)成謂語系動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接帶賓 語.常需要在冥語前加介詞才 能帶賓語助動(dòng)詞本身無詞義.不能獨(dú)立作謂語.必 須和主要?jiǎng)釉儤?gòu)成謂語.表示疑問、否定. 時(shí)態(tài)或其他語法形式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義.但不能獨(dú)立作謂語. 只能和主要?jiǎng)铀乓黄?/p>

4、構(gòu)成謂通，衰示說話 者的語氣和情態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù) 的變化.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身可以構(gòu)成疑問和否定:知識(shí)梳理動(dòng)詞專題梳理fM<. smefl. sound. tas«e1.知識(shí)點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞可以按照含義及它們?cè)诰渲械淖饔梅殖伤念?，即行為?dòng)詞（也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞。行為動(dòng)詞（1）行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨(dú)作謂語。例如:薩優(yōu)選提升題1. （2022上海浦東新- 模）The little girl has lunch in school every day,?A. has sheB. hasn't sheC.

5、 does sheD. doesn't she2. （2022-上海閔行一模）Kitty's dog rarely barks at people,?A. does itB.doesn't itC.has itD.hasn't it3. （2021-上海楊浦三模）His words don't seem surprising,?A. does heB.isn't heC.do theyD.aren't they4. （2021-上海楊浦三模）I like films that make me. I don't like anyth

6、ing sad.A. laughB.to laughC.laughingD.to laughing5. （2021上海中考真題）Your idea of a day on the beach sounds. Can I join you?A. lovelyB.softlyC.politelyD.beautifully6. （2021上海青浦二模）The story from the radio sounds. I wonder where the reporter gets it.A. interestingB.wellC. reallyD.truly7. （2021-上海普陀二模）The k

7、ind doctor usually tells jokes to make his patientsbetter.A. feelB.feltC. to feelD.feeling8. （2021上海金山二模）Nowadays, few people use cameras to take photos,?A. are theyB.aren*t theyC.do theyD.donzt they9. （2021上海閔行一模）Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine,?A. is sheB.isn'

8、;t sheC.does sheD.doesn't she10. （2021-上海閔行一模）Although the virus sounds, we can finally win through hard work.A. terriblyB.terribleC. wonderfullyD.wonderful11. （2021-上海浦東新一模）She finished the report at last without her teacher's help,?A. did sheB.didn't sheC. wasn't sheD.was she12. （2

9、021-上海模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Tina loves sweets but her mum doesn't let herthem very often.A. haveB.hadC. to haveD.having13. （2021上海九年級(jí)期中）Jenny has rarely got free time to do her favourite things,?A. hasn't sheB.doesn,t sheC. has sheD.does she14. （2020- _h海寶山一模）Emily's mother felt it necessary to let her d

10、aughterher own decision this time.A. to makeB. makesC. makeD. making15. （2020上海松江二模）The baby's hand feels sothat you want to hold it longer.A. softB. softenC. softlyD. softness16. （2020上海寶山二模）The dark smoke from the factories near the river made the local peoplesick.A. feelB. feltC. feelingD. to

11、 feel17. （2020-上海長(zhǎng)寧一模）The farmer soundedon the phone. He offered to give me a speech onplanting seeds.A. gentlyB. friendlyC. sadlyD. kindly18. （2020上海松江 模）I will take the responsibility if anything goes.A. wrongB. madC. wellD. badly19. （2020上海徐匯一模）Unlike human beings, cats can't smile and their

12、looks seem cold and.A. horriblyB. bravelyC. gentlyD. unfriendly20. （2020-上海長(zhǎng)寧一模）The boss made his workersover 10 hours a day. That was against the law.A. workedB. workingC. to workD. work參考答案1. D【詳解】句意：這個(gè)小女孩每天在學(xué)校吃午飯，不是嗎？考查反意疑問句。反意疑問句避循“前肯后否，前否后肯"的原則。分析句子可知陳述部分是肯定句，且句 子時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞用does,反意疑問句要用否

13、定形式。故選D。2. A【詳解】句意：基蒂的狗很少對(duì)人吠叫，是嗎？考查反意疑問句。反意疑問句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原則。分析句子可知句子時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， rarely"很少，表示否定的意義，所以句子是否定句。另外句子中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，反 問疑問句的助動(dòng)詞用does,故選A.3. C【詳解】句意：他的話似乎并不令人驚訝，是嗎？考查反意疑問句。根據(jù)“don't”可知，陳述句是表示否定意義，反意疑問句通常遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯" 的原則，所以疑問部分應(yīng)用肯定形式；陳述句主語是復(fù)數(shù)“hiswords”,疑問句中應(yīng)用“they”代替，助動(dòng)詞用 &q

14、uot;do表示肯定。故選C。4. A【詳解】句意：我喜歡讓我發(fā)笑的電影。我不喜歡任何悲傷的事情?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。根據(jù)句意可知，本題考查make sb. d。sth"讓某人做某事。故選A。5. A【詳解】句意：你在海灘上度過一天的想法聽起來很不錯(cuò)。我能和你一起去嗎？考查形容詞的用法o lovely可愛的，極好的,形容詞;softly輕柔地，副詞；politely禮貌地，副詞；beautifully美麗地，副詞?！皊ounds”為系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。6. A【詳解】句意：收音機(jī)里的故事聽起來很有趣。我想知道記者從哪里得到的。考查形容詞/副詞辨析o in

15、teresting有趣的，形容詞；well身體好的,形容詞;好，副詞；really真正地,副 詞；truly真實(shí)地，副詞。空處的詞在系動(dòng)詞sounds之后，應(yīng)用形容詞，故排除C、D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)主語“The story from the radio,可知，應(yīng)是聽起來很有趣。故選A。7. A【詳解】句意：那位好心的醫(yī)生通常講笑話讓病人感覺好些?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，讓某人做某事，固定短語，make是使役動(dòng)詞，后面跟不帶to的不定式。故選A,8. C【詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在，很少有人使用相機(jī)拍照，對(duì)么？考查反意疑問句的用法。反意疑問句遵循的原則是：前否后肯，前肯后

16、否；前半句有否定詞few,故后半 句用肯定句，故排除BD：因前半句有動(dòng)詞use,故后半句要用助動(dòng)詞do.故選C。9. C【詳解】句意：屠呦呦教授從來也沒有停止對(duì)中藥的研究，是嗎？考查反意疑問句。在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用否定式；反之，則用肯定式。由句 中的“never”可知，前半部分陳述是否定意義，后面的反意問句應(yīng)該用肯定式，不能出現(xiàn)not,可排除B/D 選項(xiàng)；而句子動(dòng)詞stop是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，所以此處應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞does,可排除A,故選C。10. B【詳解】句意：雖然病毒聽起來很可怕，但通過努力，我們最終可以取得勝利。考查形容詞作表語。terribly副詞，非常,可怕地;ter

17、rible形容詞，可怕的;wonderfully副詞,驚人地； wonderful形容詞，精彩的。結(jié)合語境和空前“sounds”可知，本句“sound聽起來"屬于系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞 作表語，排除選項(xiàng)A和C；根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，病毒聽起來可怕，所以這里用形容詞“terrible可怕的"。故選 Bo11. B【詳解】句意：沒有依靠老師的幫助，她最終完成了報(bào)告，對(duì)么？考查反意疑問句的用法。反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是，前否后肯，前肯后否。主句she finished是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)， 并且是肯定句，故反意疑問句的后半部分是否定句，故排除AD；因?yàn)榍鞍氩糠种^語動(dòng)詞finished是實(shí)義動(dòng) 詞，故后半

18、部分用助動(dòng)詞did。故選B。12. A【詳解】句意：蒂娜喜歡吃甜食，但她媽媽不經(jīng)常讓她吃。考查使役動(dòng)詞用法。have有，吃/喝，動(dòng)詞原形；had動(dòng)詞過去式；to have動(dòng)詞不定式形式；having動(dòng)詞 現(xiàn)在分詞形式。根據(jù)空前的let her可知，此處是考查let sb do sth,空處應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，是省略to的不 定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。故選A“13. C【詳解】句意：珍妮很少有空閑時(shí)間做她喜歡做的事，是嗎？考查反意疑問句。rarely很少地，表否定，可知本句陳述部分是否定意義，疑問部分需用肯定式，AB都是 否定式，可排除。has got是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合助動(dòng)詞has,故選C。14. C【詳

19、解】句意：艾米麗的媽媽感覺到這次讓他的女兒自己做她的決定是必要的?？疾閯?dòng)詞的形式。to make動(dòng)詞不定式；makes動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式；make動(dòng)詞原形；making現(xiàn)在分 詞和動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)let“讓"可知，用let sb do結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C。【點(diǎn)睛】不定式作賓補(bǔ)，下列詞后省略t。： 一感二聽三使讓，還有四看半幫助。若是賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)，to字一定要回 府。感：feel；二聽：hear, listen to；三讓：let, have, make：四看：see, watch, notice, look at；半幫助 helpoI saw him enter the room我看到他進(jìn)了房

20、間。（主動(dòng)）He was seen to enter the room.他被看到進(jìn)入房間。（被動(dòng)）15. A【詳解】句意：這個(gè)嬰兒的手摸起來是如此的柔軟以至于你會(huì)想要多抓一會(huì)兒?？疾樵~性辨析。so代柔軟的；soften使柔軟；softly柔軟地；softness柔軟。feel是感官動(dòng)詞，后跟形容 詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案為A。16. A【詳解】句意：從河邊工廠傳出來的黑煙使當(dāng)?shù)厝烁械讲皇娣??？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞辨析o feel動(dòng)詞原形；felt 般過去時(shí);feeling動(dòng)名詞；to feel動(dòng)詞不定式。make表示“使/ 讓”，是使役動(dòng)詞，后面接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，所以空格處填feel。

21、故選A。17. B【詳解】句意：那個(gè)農(nóng)民在電話里聽起來很友好，他提出要給我做一個(gè)關(guān)于播種的演講。考查形容伺作表語。gently輕輕地，副詞；friendly友好的，形容詞；sadly悲哀地，副詞；kindly友好地, 副詞。本句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，sound為感官動(dòng)詞屬于系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知只有B選項(xiàng)friendly是形容詞，故選B。18. A【詳解】句意：如果出現(xiàn)任何問題，我會(huì)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。本題考查形容詞。wrong錯(cuò)誤的，失常的，是形容詞；mad瘋狂的，是形容詞；well很好地，是副詞； badly非常，是副詞；go是系動(dòng)詞,表示“變得"，后面接形容詞作表語,排除CD兩項(xiàng)。

22、根據(jù)I will take the responsibility可知，我會(huì)承擔(dān)責(zé)任，結(jié)合主語是anything,因此表示事情出現(xiàn)問題,用wrong，故選A。19. D【詳解】句意：貓不像人類，它們不會(huì)微笑，而且它們的樣子似乎冷漠且不友善?？疾樾稳菰~作表語。horribly可怕地，副詞;bravely勇敢地，副詞；gently溫和地，副詞;unfriendly不友 善的，形容詞。根據(jù)題干中Mtheir looks seem cold and"可知seem在句中作系動(dòng)詞，其后接兩個(gè)由and連接的形容詞。故選D。20. D【詳解】句意：老板讓他的工人每天工作超過10個(gè)小時(shí)，那是違法的?？疾?/p>

23、動(dòng)詞非謂語。worked過去式；working動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞；to work動(dòng)詞不定式；work動(dòng)詞原形。make sb. do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“讓某人做某事”，make是使役動(dòng)詞，后面的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不能帶to,故答 案選D。I live in Beijing with my mother.It has a round face.(2) 行為動(dòng)詞(即實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)按其是否需要賓語，可以分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。U0081及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語，意思才完整，例如：Give me some ink, please.If you have any questions, you ca

24、n raise your hands.不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能跟賓語，例如：Jack runs faster than Mike.Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.He got an"A"this time because he went over his lessons care-fully(3) 行為動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作狀態(tài)又分成延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性U0081延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)作是可持續(xù)的,如live, stay, study, work, teach等，可以和表示段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 ，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)作是瞬間的，動(dòng)作發(fā)生馬上結(jié)束,

25、如lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, go, come等，不能和 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。He has been here for five days.(這里不能用 has arrived here)The film has been on for ten minutes.(這里不能用 has begun)2. 動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞與介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的固定短語，叫作動(dòng)詞短語。動(dòng)詞短語主要有四類：1. 動(dòng)詞+副詞。常見的有 give up,think over,take off,write down,put off,put on,talk back,turn off,look

26、 up,pick up 等。這些詞組的 賓語如果是名詞時(shí)，既可放在副詞前面，又可放在副詞之后；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞時(shí)，則要放在 動(dòng)詞和副詞中間。如：They have decided to put off the meeting.=They have decided to put the meeting off. 他們已經(jīng)決定推遲會(huì)議了。Smoking is bad for your health. You must give it up.吸煙有害健康，你必須戒掉它。2. 動(dòng)詞+介詞。'常見的有 ask for, care a bout,look for,look after,

27、 look at,listen to, pay for,send forjaugh at,hear of(from),get over 等。 如:We shouldn't laugh at others.我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑別人。3. 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞。常見的有 look down up on, get on with, catch up with 等。如：If you study hard, you'll catch up with your classmates.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將會(huì)趕上你的同班同學(xué)。4. 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞。常見的有 take care ofmake use o

28、f,pay attention to,make fun of,take pride in,take part in 等。如:Please pay more attention to details.3. 常用動(dòng)詞搭配梳理,make 等。使用頻率較高的這類動(dòng)詞有：call, cut, come, go, get, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pi常見的介詞或副詞有：in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over 等。動(dòng)詞+aboutspeak / talk about 談?wù)搕hink about思考care about關(guān)心，對(duì)有興

29、趣bring about引起，使發(fā)生set about著手，開始hear about聽說worry about為.擔(dān)心動(dòng)詞+awaythrow away扔掉blow away吹走carry away拿走，使入迷clear away清除掉，消散die away逐漸消失，減弱pass away去世wash away沖走take away拿走，使消失put away收拾起來，存起來give away背棄，泄漏，贈(zèng)送動(dòng)詞+forask for要求得到care for關(guān)心，喜歡search for查找look for尋找call for 需要，要求take.for誤以為.是動(dòng)詞+downburn dow

30、n燒毀break down壞了，垮了，分解take down記下，記錄turn down調(diào)小，拒絕cut down削減，砍倒calm down平靜下來動(dòng)詞+atwork at干.活動(dòng)（研究）look at看，注視stare at 凝視glare at怒視laugh at 嘲笑knock at敲（門、窗等）point at 指向aim at向瞄準(zhǔn)call at拜訪（地點(diǎn)）動(dòng)詞+fromhear from 收到.來信die from因.而死keep / stop / prevent.from 不讓做learn from向?qū)W習(xí)動(dòng)詞+ofthink of 想到dream of 夢(mèng)到consist of

31、 由組成speak of 談到die of死于hear of聽說complain of 抱怨動(dòng)詞+offset off 出發(fā)show off炫耀get off下車，脫下（衣服等）take off脫下，起飛see off 送彳亍put off延期，推遲fall off 跌落，掉下keep off避開，勿走近pay off還清；付清；行賄；取得成功turn(switch) off 關(guān)掉動(dòng)詞+ondepend on 依靠rely on依靠insist on 堅(jiān)持carry on繼續(xù)，進(jìn)行keep / go on 繼續(xù)spend.on 在.花錢put on穿上，戴上，上演call on拜訪move o

32、n繼續(xù)移動(dòng)，往前定live on以為生動(dòng)詞+outpoint out 指出break out 爆發(fā)pick out 選出carry out 執(zhí)行，進(jìn)行set out 出發(fā)，著手，擺放wear out穿破，使.疲勞turn out結(jié)果是，生產(chǎn)，培養(yǎng)make out理解，看清楚come out出版，出來work out算出，想出辦法等find out查出，弄明白put out 撲火run out用完go out 熄滅動(dòng)詞+ingive in 讓步hand in 上交succeed in 在獲成join in 參加take in接納，吸收，改小fill in填寫動(dòng)詞+intolook into研究，

33、調(diào)查turn into 變成o把.分成o 把.變成put / o把.譯成動(dòng)詞+overturn over翻倒，細(xì)想think over 仔細(xì)考慮go over審閱，檢查，研究look over 翻閱，檢查get over 克服take over接管，接替動(dòng)詞+tobelong to 屬于point to 指向turn to向.求助，查閱stick / hold / keep to 堅(jiān)持，忠于reply to 答復(fù)get to 到達(dá)write to寫信給supply.to為.提供add to 增添動(dòng)詞+upgrow up成長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)大

34、give up放棄，獻(xiàn)出build up 建立set up架起、建立put up搭起，架起，安裝，住宿，張貼，蓋起turn up開大（音量等），出bring up撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出出現(xiàn)stay up 挺住，熬夜據(jù)use up 用完彌補(bǔ)speed up加快速度clear up整理，收拾，放晴動(dòng)詞+throughget through通過，干完，接通電話仔細(xì)查看gothrough審閱，檢查，學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞+withdeal with處理，對(duì)付agree with 同意，與.致combine with與相聯(lián)合cover.with 用.覆蓋end up with 以.結(jié)束provide.with 以供給4.

35、同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。后面加上不同的小品詞（即介詞或副詞）：put v.put on穿；帶上；上演put off延期put out 撲滅put up舉起；掛起take v. take away 拿走take off脫掉（衣服等）；起飛take out 取出take place發(fā)生；舉行take up開始從事take up開始學(xué)，從事，占 make up構(gòu)成，組成編造look up查找，找出look through 翻閱，看一遍, put.through 接通電話talk with 同.交談compare with 與.相比equip.with 以.裝備begin with 以.開始supply.with

36、 以.供給play with玩，玩弄turn v.turn on打開（電視，電燈，收音機(jī)，水龍頭等）turn off關(guān)掉（電視，電燈，收音機(jī)，水龍頭等）turn up （把音量等）調(diào)高turn down （把音量等）調(diào)低turn out結(jié)果是；證明是turn over翻（車/頁/身）turn into 變成go v.go on繼續(xù)go out熄滅go over復(fù)習(xí)go aheadgo wrong 出錯(cuò)get v.get back 返回get off 下車get on/in 上車（大/?。ゞet to 到達(dá)get up起床talk v. talk with/ to sb.和某人交談talk ab

37、out談?wù)?，議論talk over討論，商量5. 動(dòng)詞及詞組辨析use過去常常做某事usedto do被用來做某事beusedto do sth. = be used for doing sth.習(xí)慣于beusedto sth. doing sth.三個(gè)穿狀態(tài)be dressed in十顏色或衣服；wear -衣服（穿看動(dòng)作put on +衣服（穿上）；dress-sb.（給某人穿衣）三個(gè)借借進(jìn)來borrow （瞬間動(dòng)詞）； keep （可延續(xù)）借出去lend三個(gè)到達(dá)reach=getto=amve in at三個(gè)帶bring帶來；take帶走；cany，搬運(yùn)（較重的東西）；攜帶（較輕的東西）四個(gè)滋say-說話的內(nèi)谷 » speak-語言。say sth. in English = speak Englishtalk to with sb. about sth.tell: tell sb. sth.; tell sb. (