初高中英語(yǔ)銜接音標(biāo)與句子成分講解

1、.初高中銜接英語(yǔ)學(xué)案單元音： i: he she me we tea eat meat see tree see receive key police policeman machine people piece field believe thief: cabbage begin English pretty cinema monkey big city very sorry busy build building e: any many anyone said says pen bed egg desk bread breakfast buryæ: bag am and at s

2、ad: class banana father after half car far park arm star laugh heart: come none love other blood flood touch enough young bus sun but cut up :learn earth early heard her term first girl bird sir third word world nurse turn hurt journal:along China student different today welcome police father mother

3、 doctor delicious previous surprise colour picture u: do to who too zoo food pool boot school group through blue glue fruit juice shoe : woman wolf book look good foot could would should put push:want wash watch what hot not sorry cough Australia: water ball call fall hall mall small tall wall warm

4、quarter August daughter law door floor more before short sportbought brought thought four your blackboard story雙元音：a:time like nice fine five my by why sign high light right die lie tiee: name cake game face wait: day may okay play today eight eighteen eighty they great break: serious real really id

5、ea here ear dear hear near clear beer deer pioneer: go no nose home show know yellow window goat boat shoulder though :sure poor toura: out about house how now cowe: air hair chair care parent wear bear there where their : oil toilet boil soil boy toy employ 輔音/p/ pig pet cap park apple happy /b/ bi

6、g bag book rabbit cabbage/t/ it cat fat table matterd dog red bed head smiled opened played/k/ cap cook cup cake cook week desk cock sock clock /g/ bag get gas egg f four five fish phone photo elephant laughv video vase love violin three third teeth mouthð this that those father mother brother

7、clothess sea sit star face ice nice rice grass glass class z zoo vase zero bags photos sisters nose rose sugar sure she fish ship cash shop 3 measure pleasure t teacher peach cherry chair watch match d3 age page magic job jam jump cage orange cabbage ts cats pets eats gates dates tastes dz seeds woo

8、ds friends rides tr tree true truck train dr dry dragon drinkh her head heart hair who whose r rice room ride road mirror carrot parrot write wrong wrapm moon money monkey n nose net nut rain train knee knife knock l look light lock lucky tell ball pull bank tank finger sing song king readingw winte

9、r window watch water white where which when whyj you your yes yard句子成分講解1、 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的主體。主語(yǔ)一般位于句首，但在there be構(gòu)造、疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.Professor Zhang is a famous scientist. W

10、e often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls. To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have a test has not been decided yet.It is dangerous playing with fire. It is a pity that he wont attend the me

11、eting.2、 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞后面。但英語(yǔ)介詞后也要求用賓語(yǔ)。They went to see a film yesterday. He is going to buy an English dictionary. We should learn from the brave boy.They helped the disabled with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me. She didnt know what to do next.I enjoy listening to pop

12、ular music. I think that he is fit for the work. （3） 賓語(yǔ)的種類1. 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的承受者或結(jié)果，通常指物。Lend me your dictionary, please. Excuse me , please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station?2. 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作所向的或所為的人或物，通常指認(rèn)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，也可位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，但此時(shí)在它的前面須加介詞to。The company sent us lots of money last y

13、ear. He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.3. 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞除了接賓語(yǔ)外，還需要一個(gè)詞來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份或狀態(tài)，以補(bǔ)充其意義的缺乏，這樣的詞或短語(yǔ)叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起組成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，它們?cè)谶壿嬌嫌兄髦^關(guān)系。假如直接賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句，常用做it形式主語(yǔ)。They elected him their monitor. I found the man always happy.The next day he found himself in the hospital when he woke.I often ask him t

14、o help me with my English. I find it easy to answer this question.4. 介詞賓語(yǔ)位于介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)稱作介詞賓語(yǔ)。In our school about three-fourths of the students are from the north.3、 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等之后.表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。My teacher of English

15、is an American. Is it yours?Thats all that I want to tell you. The weather has become cold.Singapore is the most beautiful country that I have visited. The film is moving.The teacher is pleased with my spoken English. His job is to teach English.Their plan is to finish the task within 3 days. His ho

16、bby is playing football.My wish is studying law in a world famous college. The machine must be out of order.He is against our suggestion. My father isnt in. He is out. The truth is that he has never been abroad.What I want to know is when we will hold the sports meeting.句子成分：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的

17、詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.名詞 He is our friend. 代詞We belong to the third world.數(shù)詞 He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.形容詞The man over there is my old friend.副詞The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 介詞The boys playing football are in Class 2. 如今分詞The trees planted la

18、st year are growing well now. 過(guò)去分詞I have an good idea to share with you.不定式Y(jié)ou should do everything that I told you. 定語(yǔ)從句Practice: 挑出以下句中的定語(yǔ)Guilin is a beautiful city. Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?This is the bridge built last year. There are sixty women teacher in our school.His ra

19、pid progress in English made us surprised. Who is the girl in red?I cant go with you. I still have a lot of work to do. He is reading a book on how to learn English well.I will remember the day that we spent together.2 狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。 I will go there tomorr

20、ow.   名詞作狀語(yǔ)表時(shí)間  The meeting will be held in the meeting room.。介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)The meat went bad because of the hot weather.介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表原因 He studies hard to learn English well.不定式作狀語(yǔ)表目的 He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.從句作狀語(yǔ)表結(jié)果    I like some of you very muc

21、h.。副詞作狀語(yǔ)表程度 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 從句作狀語(yǔ)條件         He goes to school by bike.介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表方式Though he is young, he can do it well。從句作狀語(yǔ)讓步Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.分詞作狀語(yǔ)表原因 Practice: 挑出以下句中的狀語(yǔ) Ligh

22、t travels more quikly. Last night he heard the noise upstairs. When he decided to go to bed last night, he heard the noise upstairs. We are in classroom studying English. we are studying English in our new classroom. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. Last night she didn

23、t go to the dance party because it rained heavily She put the eggs into the basket wth great care小心. He made much progressby this means. He came in with a dictionary in his hand. In order to catch up with others, I must work hard. He is so good a teacher that the students love and respect hin. No ma

24、tter when you come , you are warmly welcome.3. 賓補(bǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完好。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有make使，consider認(rèn)為cause引起see看見(jiàn)，find發(fā)現(xiàn) call稱作，get ,let, have使、讓，其表現(xiàn)形式如下：We consider him a good leader. 名詞 Nobody noticed him enter the room省to不定式I saw her entering the classroom. 如今分詞 They found Jinan gr

25、eatly changed.過(guò)去分詞let the fresh air in. 介詞短語(yǔ) They thought it right to do the test first. 形容詞We think it our duty to make our classroom clean. 名詞I advise him to stop smoking. 帶to不定式 Please advise me which to choose. 不定式復(fù)合構(gòu)造You mustnt force others to do anything.不定式Practice: 挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)We elected him

26、 monitor.     We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. We will make them happy. We found nobody in. Please make yourself at home. Dont let him do that. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Dont keep the lights burning.Did you see Li Ming playing football on t

27、he playground just now?Ill have my bike repaired. 動(dòng)詞及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的定義及分類：動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞，如buy, see等。動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其意義與句法功能可分為行為動(dòng)詞又稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，包括及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等多種類別。在某些情況下，一個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以屬于不同類別，如get一詞，既可以作行為動(dòng)詞業(yè)可充當(dāng)連系動(dòng)詞。類別特點(diǎn)意義舉例實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 vt. vi.及物動(dòng)詞跟賓語(yǔ)須跟賓語(yǔ)一起才能表達(dá)完好的意思I have a book.She watched the boxing match on TV last night.不及物動(dòng)詞不能直

28、接接賓語(yǔ)能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)She always comes late.The experiment failed.系動(dòng)詞link-v跟表語(yǔ)不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成完好意思.常見(jiàn)的有：be, look, get, become, turn I am a student.Mark was a poor worker.The twins look the same.助動(dòng)詞aux. v.跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞無(wú)詞匯意義不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問(wèn)，否認(rèn)及各種時(shí)態(tài). 常見(jiàn)的有：be、have、do、will、shall等He doesnt speak Chinese.否認(rèn)I am watching

29、 TV.進(jìn)展式Why do you need friends?I have never heard of it before.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 mod. v. 跟動(dòng)詞原形有自己的詞匯意思不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。常見(jiàn)的有：can/could/may/might/must/need/have to/ought to/will/would/shall/shouldWe can do it by ourselves.That would be better.The work must be finished as soon as possible.A situation lik

30、e this may occur from time to time.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的五種根本形式及變化規(guī)那么:英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種根本形式。它們是動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)如今時(shí)簡(jiǎn)稱單三、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和如今分詞。這五種形式和助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)等。原形第三人稱單數(shù)過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞如今分詞workworksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)的定義：謂語(yǔ)一般放在主語(yǔ)之后，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)通常由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，具有各種

31、時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的變化，前面還可以加上情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞等。如：He practises running every morning. I expect you to take me.Yesterday afternoon he reached Beijing. She takes care of he sick mother.He has got rid of his bad habit. You may keep the book for two week.Youd better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.He has to

32、go to see a doctor. She doesnt seem to like dancing.We are going to call on him tonight. We are students.He looked a bit excited.同位語(yǔ) 一般做主語(yǔ)或是賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，句子的主干已經(jīng)完好，同位語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)插入成份作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明之用。一般同位語(yǔ)成份可分為前位同位語(yǔ)和后位同位語(yǔ)，即同位語(yǔ)分別在主詞的前面和后面。另外也有that引導(dǎo)的同位從句。 They all like swimming. Mr. Black, our Engli

33、sh teacher, is a good tennis player. 練習(xí)：1. At last, we reached our destination, Hamburg. 我們最終到達(dá)了目的地漢堡。 He gave his wife Jones a wonderful watch。3. All the things have two faces, a light one and a dark one.  一切事物都有兩個(gè)方面：光明的一面和黑暗的一面。5. Some animals, as foxes and squirrels live in woods. 有些動(dòng)物，如狐貍和松鼠，棲息在森林里。  The question how to ans