地理信息科學(xué)專業(yè)英語

1、仿射波段 制圖學(xué) 剪切數(shù)字化儀 數(shù)字線劃圖 每英寸點數(shù) 邊緣匹配 赤道等積 大地水準(zhǔn)面 地理空間 全球定位系統(tǒng)棲息地接口項目緯度圖例經(jīng)度中值子午線元數(shù)據(jù)圖廓線 基于對象的 宗地 攝影測量 降水量 范圍 柵格重采樣 分辨率均方根掃描儀 選址 拓?fù)浣y(tǒng)一地理編碼 拓?fù)?數(shù)組 通用橫軸墨卡托投影 矢量affine band cartography clip digitizer DLG dpi edgematching equator equiarea geoid geospatial GPS Habitat Interface Item Latitude legend longitude median

2、 meridian metadata neatline Object-Based parcel photogrammetry precipitation range raster resample resolution RMS scanner siting TIGER topology tuple UTM vector專業(yè)術(shù)語漢譯英數(shù)據(jù)探查 雙精度 水文要素 泰森多邊型 統(tǒng)一建模語言 投影坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng) 線緩沖區(qū) 遙感數(shù)據(jù) 用材林 暈渲法 指北針 屬性表 最短路徑分析 最小二乘法保護(hù)區(qū)protected area比例尺Scale bar標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差Standard deviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖幅Standar

3、d picture frame單精度Single precision地理空間數(shù)據(jù)Geospatial data點緩沖區(qū)Point buffer動態(tài)分段Dynamic segmentation度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Metrics多項式變換Polynomial transformation高程基準(zhǔn)Elevation base跟蹤算法Tracking algorithm規(guī)則格網(wǎng)Rules grid過渡帶Transition zone基于位置服務(wù)Based on location service畸形線Malformation line幾何變換 Geometric transformation檢驗圖Inspectio

4、n chart解析幾何Analytic geometry空間要素Space element平面坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)Planar coordinate system曲流河Meandering river人口普查地段Census Lot上四分位數(shù)The upper quartile矢量數(shù)據(jù)模型Vector data model數(shù)據(jù)可視化data visualizationData explorationDouble precision Hydrological elementsTyson PolygonsUnified Modeling LanguageProjection coordinate system

5、Line bufferRemote sensing dataTimber forestHalo rendering methodCompassProperty sheetShortest path analysisLeast squares method翻譯例子如下geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced data.1. 地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)是用于捕捉

6、，存儲，查詢，分析和顯示地理參考數(shù) 據(jù)的計算機系統(tǒng)。newly digitized map has the same measurement unit as the source map used in digitizing or scanning. If manually digitized, the map is measured in inches, same as the digitizing table.2. 新數(shù)字化地圖與數(shù)字化或掃描中使用的源地圖具有相同的測量單位。 如果 手動數(shù)字化，地圖以英寸為單位進(jìn)行測量，與數(shù)字化表格相同。ideal for discrete feature

7、s with well defined location and ,shapes, the vector data model does not work well with spatial phenomena that vary continuously over the space such as precipitation, elevation, and soil erosion.3. 對于具有明確位置和形狀的離散特征，盡管理想，矢量數(shù)據(jù)模型不能很好 地處理在空間連續(xù)變化的空間現(xiàn)象，如降水，海拔和土壤侵蝕。the migration from the georelational to t

8、he object-based data model should be relatively easy because it is intuitive to think of spatial features as objects.4. 從基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)到基于對象的數(shù)據(jù)模型的遷移應(yīng)該相對容易， 因為將空間要素 視為對象是直觀的。GIS data can be created from a variety of data sources. They include satellite images, field data, street addresses, text files with x an

9、d y coordinates, and paper maps.5. 可以從各種數(shù)據(jù)源創(chuàng)建新的GIS數(shù)據(jù)。它們包括衛(wèi)星圖像，現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)，街道地址，帶有 x 和 y 坐標(biāo)的文本文件以及紙質(zhì)地圖。converts data sets from geographic coordinates to projected coordinates, and reprojection converts from one type of projected coordinates to another type.6. 投影將數(shù)據(jù)集從地理坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換為投影坐標(biāo)， 再投影從一種類型的投影坐標(biāo) 轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種類型。data

10、editing refers to the process of adding, deleting, and modifying features in digital layers. A major part of spatial data editing is to remove digitizing errors.7. 空間數(shù)據(jù)編輯是指在數(shù)字圖層中添加，刪除和修改特征的過程?？臻g數(shù)據(jù) 編輯的主要部分是刪除數(shù)字化錯誤。georelational data model stores spatial and attribute data separately in a split system

11、: spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database.8. 地理數(shù)據(jù)模型將空間數(shù)據(jù)和屬性數(shù)據(jù)分別存儲在分割系統(tǒng)中： 圖形文件中 的空間數(shù)據(jù)和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫中的屬性數(shù)據(jù)。用英文回答下列問題，練習(xí)每章后面的問答題例子如下：1 Describe the two common types of data for terrain mapping and analysis.important types of field data that can be used in a GIS project are sur

12、vey data and global positioning systme (GPS) data.2 Describe three variations in buffering.eld.buffer distance can vary by theBuffering can be on either thevalues of a given left side or thefiright side of the line Buffer zones may remainfeature,insteadof both actso that each bufferzoneis s

13、eparate from others, are no overlapped areasor dissolved so that between buffer zones.theremodel is having fix for dataThe main disadvant precise location of3 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the raster data model vs. the vector data model.main advantage of the raster data ed cell locatio

14、ns, which make it easier manipulation, aggregation, and analysis. age is its weakness in representing the spatial features.4 Explain the difference between location errors and topological errors.errors such as missing polygons or distortedlines relate to the geometric inaccuracies of spatial feature

15、s, whereas topological errors such as dangling lins and unclosed polygons relate to the logical inconsistencis between spatial features.5 Explain the difference between the georelational data model and the object-based data model.object-based data model differs from the georelational datadata of spa

16、tialthan a split system. allows a spatial feature set of properties and memodel in two aspects. First,the object-based data model sto res both the spatial and attribute features in a single system rather Second, the object-based data model (object) to be associated with a thods.6 Explain the importa

17、nce of map projection.map projection offers a couple of advantages. First, map projection allows us to use two-dimensional maps, either paper or digital, instead of a globe. Second, a projection allows us to work with plane or projected coordinates rather than longitude and latitudevalues.Computatio

18、ns with geographic coordinates are more complex yield less accurate distance measurements.amapandan analysismask limitsnot carry save timethe cell value and effort fordata analysis to cells of no data. it can raster data operations.that do7 How can an analysis mask save time and effort for raster da

19、ta operations?8 Name five tools or techniques for vector data analysis.,overlay , distance measurement, spatial statistics and map manipulation .9 Name the three types of simple features used in GIS and their geometricproperties.pointhas 0 dimensionandhasonly theproperty ofline isone-dimensional and

20、hasthepropertyof length. And an areais two-dimensionalandhasthepropertiesof area (size)andperimeter.10 Name two examples each for integer rasters and floating-point rasters. of integer rasters are land use and soil types. Examples of floating-point rasters are precipitation and elevation.Whatato11 T

21、he georelational data model uses a split system to store vector data. does a split system mean?split system stores spatial data in graphic files and attribute data in a relational database. Typically, georelational data model uses the feature label or ID link the two components.12 The output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map. What does a binary map mean in this case?output from a viewshed analysis is a binary map,