石材論文：石材加工污水處理工藝及過濾設備的研究

1、 石材論文：石材加工污水處理工藝及過濾設備的研究【中文摘要】石材在切割與磨光過程中,產(chǎn)生大量高濁度污水,造成了水資源的浪費和環(huán)境的污染。課題面向中小石材企業(yè)提出一種新型石材污泥脫水系統(tǒng),在實驗與數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的基礎上,按照污水絮凝、沉淀、濃縮、固液分離的順序,改造設計出運行經(jīng)濟的處理工藝和脫水設備。本系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)促進了石材污水處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展,同時帶動了石粉再循環(huán)利用相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè),符合循環(huán)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的趨勢。借鑒一般工業(yè)和生活污水處理行業(yè)的成熟技術(shù),根據(jù)企業(yè)要求并在方便技術(shù)升級的基礎上,課題提出污泥脫水系統(tǒng)的總體規(guī)劃,包括處理工藝、進料系統(tǒng)、脫水系統(tǒng)和輔助系統(tǒng)。結(jié)合日照某石材企業(yè)污水生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,對沉淀池進行

2、了改造,并進行了參數(shù)設計,提出了一套完善的處理工藝。對污泥固有特性污泥比阻進行了實驗研究,污泥濃度低于0.20g/ml時,比阻值a變化明顯,高于該值變化趨于平坦；選用聚合氯化鋁(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)兩種絮凝劑作為添加劑時,對過濾時間、含水率都有較大改善；當按配比添加PAM溶液10ml、PAC溶液7ml時,比阻為0.77×107cm/g,比未添加絮凝劑時降低了55.2%,比只添加PAM時降低了30%,具有明顯的絮凝效果,這為進一步完善處理工藝和過濾參數(shù)提供了參考。在PRO/E中建立了壓濾過濾的數(shù)值模型,應用GAMBIT進行了網(wǎng)格劃分；采用固液離散相模型和歐拉模型相結(jié)合,基于k

3、-湍流模型,在FLUNT中模擬了尺寸為0.7×0.7×0.03m濾室的壓力場和速度場分布,分析了不同條件下湍流作用對料漿分離快慢的影響,并得出理想的過濾參數(shù)。這為設備的具體型號選擇提供了參考,并豐富了過濾理論。設計了一套完善的污泥脫水設備,確定了壓濾機的基本結(jié)構(gòu),選擇滌綸濾布作為過濾介質(zhì),過濾目數(shù)在300-400之間。選用氣動隔膜泵作為新式供料設備,對泵的具體型號進行了估計,實現(xiàn)了泵與壓濾機的參數(shù)匹配。添加了輸送帶、儲泥箱等輔助設備,系統(tǒng)采用PLC控制,完善了控制系統(tǒng)的設計。面向1-10臺鋸機規(guī)模的企業(yè),將污泥脫水系統(tǒng)進行系列化設計,對其運行費用、社會效益進行了評價,分析表

4、明系統(tǒng)滿足中小石材企業(yè)對污水處理技術(shù)的要求。【英文摘要】In the stone cutting and polishing process, it will produce massive high turbidity sewage, which will cause the waste of water and environmental pollution. Based on the experiment and numerical simulation of combining, the subject puts forward a new type of dewatering sys

5、tem for small-sized and medium-sized stone material enterprise. According to the sequence of sewage flocculent, precipitation, concentration and solid-liquid separation, the subject designs an economic treatment process and dewatering equipment. This new system will promote the development of stone

6、sewage treating technology, and guide the related stone recycling industries. It conforms to the development trend of the circular economy.Learning from the mature treatment technology of the general industrial and domestic sewage processing industry, the subject proposes an overall planning of slud

7、ge dewatering system according to the enterprises requirements and convenience to upgrade, including the processing craft, feeding system, dehydration systems and auxiliary system. On the basis of one stone enterprises sewage production status in Rizhao city, the sedimentation tank was redesigned, t

8、he parameter design was accomplished, and a set of complete process was put forward in this paper.The subject conducted the experimental study of sludge resistance which is part of stone inherent characteristic. The resistance a changes significantly when the sludge concentration is lower than 0.20g

9、/ml, unobvious when over the value. Its filtration time and the moisture content has greatly improved when choosing polymerization AlCl3 (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) as additives. The specific resistance is 0.77×107cm /g when PAM solution is 10ml, PAC solution is 7ml which was added in accord

10、ance with the ratio, which decreased 55.2% than the case without adding flocculant and 30% than the case adding PAM solution only. It improves the flocculation, and provides a reference for improving the treatment process and filtering parameters further.Flow field of the three-dimensional entity fi

11、ltering model was established using PRO/E, and the model was meshed with GAMBIT. Using discrete phase model and combining the Euler model, voltage force, velocity field distribution of 0.7×0.7×0.03 meters-filter chamber were simulated in FLUNT based on k-factor turbulence model. According

12、to the analysis of turbulence effect on pulp separation speed on the different conditions, it obtained the ideal filter parameters, offering guidance for selecting the specific model of equipment and enriching filtration theory.It designs a set of perfect sludge dewatering equipment, determines the

13、basic structure of pressure filter; chooses polyester filter cloth as the filter medium, which have filter mesh between 300 to 400. It chooses pneumatic diaphragm pumps as new material feeding equipment, estimates the pumps specific models and realizes the matching relations between the pump and fil

14、ter press. The conveyor belt, reservoir mud boxes and auxiliary equipment were designed, PLC control system was introduced and the design of control system was completed. Facing the 110 sets scale enterprise, it series the sludge dewatering system, evaluates the system operation cost and social bene

15、fits. Analysis shows that the system satisfies sewage treatment technology requirements of stone enterprises.【關(guān)鍵詞】石材 污水 污泥比阻 數(shù)值模型 壓濾機【英文關(guān)鍵詞】stone sewage sludge resistance numerical model filter press【目錄】石材加工污水處理工藝及過濾設備的研究摘要9-10ABSTRACT10-11第1章 緒論12-221.1 課題研究背景12-131.2 石材污水處理技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀13-191.2.1 石材污水處理技

16、術(shù)發(fā)展13-161.2.2 過濾設備發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀16-171.2.3 過濾理論的發(fā)展17-181.2.4 絮凝理論及實踐18-191.2.5 多相流理論及數(shù)值模擬191.3 課題研究的目的及意義19-201.4 課題研究的主要內(nèi)容201.5 章節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)安排20-22第2章 新型石材污泥脫水系統(tǒng)總體方案及工藝設計22-382.1 新型石材污泥脫水系統(tǒng)總體規(guī)劃22-242.1.1 總體設計原則222.1.2 總體設計指標22-232.1.3 系統(tǒng)功能劃分23-242.2 污水處理工藝分析24-272.2.1 一般工業(yè)污水處理工藝流程24-252.2.2 污水處理原則252.2.3 一般污水處理方法25-

17、272.3 新型石材污水處理工藝設計27-292.3.1 石材污水處理設計指標272.3.2 石材污水處理工藝設計27-292.4 工藝參數(shù)設計29-362.4.1 自由沉降理論29-302.4.2 現(xiàn)有沉淀池的改造設計30-352.4.3 絮凝劑的添加35-362.5 工藝分析36-372.5.1 系統(tǒng)平面布置36-372.5.2 工藝流程分析372.6 本章小結(jié)37-38第3章 石泥脫水特性的優(yōu)化分析38-563.1 石材污泥過濾特性的分析383.2 實驗方案設計38-413.2.1 實驗分析38-393.2.2 污泥比阻的測量方法39-403.2.3 絮凝劑的選取40-413.3 實驗操

18、作過程41-453.3.1 實驗藥劑與儀器41-423.3.2 實驗操作過程42-453.4 實驗數(shù)據(jù)的記錄處理45-483.5 實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析48-543.5.1 數(shù)據(jù)的計算48-503.5.2 石材污水過濾特性分析50-543.6 本章小結(jié)54-56第4章 石泥脫水過濾數(shù)值模擬56-704.1 流體運動基本方程56-584.2 數(shù)學模型及其算法58-614.2.1 湍流模型58-594.2.2 多相流模型59-604.2.3 模型數(shù)值算法60-614.2.4 CFD-FLUNT614.3 石材污水過濾模型的建立61-644.3.1 在PRO/E中三維實體模型的建立61-624.3.2 GAMBIT網(wǎng)格劃分624.3.3 壓濾離散模型的建立62-644.4 過濾模型的分析64-694.4.1 壓力和速度分布64-664.4.2 固相率分布66-674.4.3 不同截面下的分布67-694.5 本章小結(jié)69-70第5章 石材污泥脫水設備設計70-865.1 脫水裝置的總體結(jié)構(gòu)70-715.2 脫水裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)71-735.