Unit3Underthesea知識(shí)講解被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)2

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí) 2 編稿：牛新閣 審稿：王春霞 概念引入上個(gè)單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一些知識(shí)， 著重講了不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。 本 單元我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞語，然后小結(jié)一下動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使 用。看下面句子：1. I had already heard that George didn 't like being kept waiting , so even though I didn 't have the right clothes on, I raced after him.2. As we drew closer, I could see

2、 a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.3. Being badly wounded , the whale soon died.4. I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.5. A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat,

3、leading us to the hunt again.這些句子中斜體詞部分的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式中，前四個(gè)句子里的是被動(dòng)形式： 句 1 中作賓語， 句 2 中是賓語補(bǔ)足語，句 3 中是狀語，句 4 中是介詞賓語。而句 5 中 beating 作賓語，后兩 個(gè)作狀語。用法講解【高清課堂：復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài) （三） 特殊用法 】沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞語一個(gè)句子怎樣變被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？就是把主謂賓的句子的賓語變成主語，就用被動(dòng)語態(tài)了。 但是如果句子的謂語是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面沒有賓語，當(dāng)然也不能變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)了。I. 不及物動(dòng)詞 /詞組take place，happen，come about （發(fā)生 ）；break o

4、ut （ 爆發(fā) ） ，appear （出現(xiàn) ） ，disappear （消失 ）， break down （出故障 ）, come out （出來，出版 ）, run out （用光）, give out （用光）, last （持續(xù) ）， arise （引起 ） 等。1. A fire broke out during the night. 晚上發(fā)生了大火。2. Use this money when the need arises. 有需要時(shí)就用這個(gè)錢。3. The gas has run out. 煤氣用光了。4. The book will come out in two weeks.

5、 書兩周后出版。II. 表示主語的某種屬性常見如下詞匯 sell, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear 等。這些詞可以是及物動(dòng)詞，如sell ，我們可以說“ I sell the book. ” “ Thebook is sold. ”，但有時(shí)句子不出現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者， 也不強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰做的這件事， 而僅僅是某種情況， 如下面各句 中動(dòng)詞后都接了一個(gè)描述動(dòng)作的副詞well ，quickly 等，都是對(duì)某事物的評(píng)判，這時(shí)也不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1. The cloth washes well. 這種布料好洗。2. The book sells quickly. 這書銷售得快。

6、3. This shirt will wear very long. 這襯衫可以穿很久。注：該用法通常與 well, easily, slowly, quickly 等副詞連用。也可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 。Is the book selling well? 這書銷售情況如何 ?III. 系動(dòng)詞女口： look, sou nd, taste, smell, feel （表感官的系動(dòng)詞）；rema in, keep, stay （表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞）； become, get, grow （表變化的系動(dòng)詞） ;prove 證明是，measure尺寸是,weigh 重量是。1. In warm weather

7、fruit and meat don' t keep long.溫暖的天氣里，水果和肉都不能長(zhǎng)期保存。2. Good medici ne tastes bitter to the mouth. 良藥苦口。3. Much remains to be done.還有許多（事情/工作）要做。注意：remain和主語much無被動(dòng)關(guān)系；而to be done的邏輯主語是 much，用被動(dòng)形式。4. Your idea sounds a good one.你的主意聽起來不錯(cuò)。5. My advice proved （to be） wron g. 我的建議證明是錯(cuò)誤的。6. The room me

8、asures 6 by 8.這個(gè)房間的尺寸是 6X 8。7. The fish weighs two kilos. 這條魚重 2 千克。IV. 其它1. 某些表示狀態(tài)的及物的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語這些詞語可以接賓語，但不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1）have, own, possess 擁有）,hold （容納）,wish （希望）,cost （花費(fèi)）,fit （適合）等2） consist of （由 組成）,suffer from （患病，遭受）,agree with （與 一致）,succeed in （在 成功）,happen to （發(fā)生在）,belong to （屬于）等This key just f

9、its the lock.這把鑰匙只適合這把鎖。Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你講的與我們聽至U的一致。2. 帶同源賓語、反身代詞、相互代詞的及物動(dòng)詞1）動(dòng)詞 + 同源賓語： die a . death, dream a . dream, live a .lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last ni ght.她昨晚做了個(gè)噩夢(mèng)。2） 反身代詞： myself, yourselves .He began to teach himself English at the age of twelve.他

10、12 歲開始自學(xué)英語。3）相互代詞： each other, one ano therThey hate each other.他們互相厭惡。3. 賓語是不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)，很少改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Joh n enjoys liste ning to rock and roll. 約翰喜歡聽搖滾樂。Liste ning to rock and roll is enjoyed by Joh n.4. 賓語是主語身體的一部分時(shí)He shook his head when asked about his family.當(dāng)問到他的家庭時(shí)，他搖了搖頭。對(duì)比：My head was shaken by

11、the doctor.我的頭被醫(yī)生搖了一下。5. 賓語是地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)所時(shí)（jump/reach除外）She left Washi ngton for Atla nta the other day.幾天前她離開了華盛頓去了亞特蘭大。被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)下面這些短語看似被動(dòng)語態(tài)，實(shí)際表示一種狀態(tài)，沒有被動(dòng)含義：be determined （決心），be prepared （準(zhǔn)備好），be graduated （畢業(yè)于），be occupied （忙 于），get married （結(jié)婚），be seated （就座），be lost （迷路），be drunk （醉酒），be dressed （穿著）,be

12、 faced with （面臨）,be surprised （感到吃驚）等。I was graduated from Yale Uni versity last year.我是去年從耶魯大學(xué)畢業(yè)的。Linda was occupied with the work of redecorat ing her house. 琳達(dá)忙于重新裝修她的房子。注意：主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1. blame, let（出租）,rentI was to blame for the accident.我應(yīng)該因?yàn)檫@場(chǎng)事故受到責(zé)備。2. 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)（請(qǐng)參看被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)13. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式中的主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)（

13、參考本文動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 3”動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)11. 用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式的情況：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing的邏輯主語是-ing所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.他害怕被老師責(zé)罵。（scold的邏輯主語he是“責(zé)罵”的承受者，即“他被責(zé)罵”，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2. 如何確定-ing形式的邏輯主語：1）一般是句子的主語，如動(dòng)詞 -ing形式作賓語、狀語時(shí)。The thief tried to escape being punished.小偷試圖逃過懲罰。Having bee

14、 n give n such a good cha nee, how would you not value it at all?你有這么好的機(jī)會(huì)，怎么一點(diǎn)兒都不珍惜呢？2）動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語時(shí)，其邏輯主語可以是所修飾詞。The questions being discussed are very important. 正在討論的問題很重要。3）動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，邏輯主語一般是句子的賓語。I sudde nly felt myself be ing hit by a heavy fist.我突然感到被重重地打了一拳。4）如果-ing形式有自己的邏輯主語，有兩種形式： 一般在-

15、ing形式前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格，如果不在句首，也可以用代詞的賓格或名詞；Would you mi nd my /me usi ng your telescope?用一下你的望遠(yuǎn)鏡介意嗎？ 在-ing形式前加名詞或代詞的主格，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，但是此形式只作狀語。His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 湯姆做完作業(yè)后就睡覺了。5）有些-ing形式已經(jīng)變成了固定的短語，從而不需有邏輯主語，如：Judging by his accent, he' from the south.由他的口音判斷，他是南方人。動(dòng)詞-ing形

16、式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)21. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：一般式：being done完成式：havi ng bee n done1）一般式多表示-ing形式的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。The boy ofte n watches the ships being loaded and uni oaded.這男孩經(jīng)常觀看輪船裝貨和卸貨。（“ being loaded and unloaded"與謂語動(dòng)詞“ watches"表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）2）完成式表示-ing形式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前完成。Having bee n show n the lab, we were tak

17、e n to see the library.領(lǐng)我們參觀過實(shí)驗(yàn)室后，又去看了圖書館。注意：有時(shí)雖然動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成，但是不強(qiáng)調(diào)完成時(shí)，也 可以用一般式的被動(dòng)形式代替，以免顯得累贅。2. 動(dòng)詞 -ing 的被動(dòng)式的作用：動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語 補(bǔ)足語等。1）作主語Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing. 在海中讓鯊魚咬死是常事。 2）作賓語，可以是動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以是介詞的賓語。I remember having been told the

18、 story. 我記得有人告訴過我這個(gè)故事。I didn 'litke the idea of being thrown about in a boat on a rough sea. 我不喜歡乘小船在洶涌的大海上顛簸的主意。注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on

19、 等后只接 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語。3）作定語The house being built will be our library upon its completion. 正在建造的房子一完工就作我們的圖書館。注意： 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的完成式一般 不 作限制性定語，應(yīng)用定語從句代替。4）作狀語Being asked to answer the question, she couldn' t refuse.受邀回答這個(gè)問題，她沒辦法拒絕。Having been asked to stay, I could n因?yàn)橐笪伊粝拢也荒茈x開。5）作賓語補(bǔ)足語You 'llfin

20、d the topic being discussed everywhere.你會(huì)聽到到處都在討論這個(gè)話題。As we approached the village we saw new houses being built. 走近村子時(shí)，我們看到人們正蓋新房子。動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 3：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 這兩個(gè)句型都是用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。1. need/want/require/ deserve+ doing 需要做某事The blackboard needs cleaning （=to be cleaned）. 黑板需要擦干凈。The broken window wants repairing （=to be repaired）. 那個(gè)破窗戶需要修理。 Several other points deserve mentioning （to be mentioned）. 還有幾點(diǎn)需要提到。2. be worth doing 值得做 注意同義句型： be worthy ， It is worthwhile.這個(gè)問題值得討論。The problem is worth discussing.The problem is worthy of being discussed/ to be discussed .It is worth