英語句子成分知識

1、 英語句子成分知識根據英語詞匯在英語句子中的地位和作用, 英語句子的成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語及獨立成分等。其中，主語和謂語是句子的主要成分，一般情況下，一個句子不能缺少這兩種成分。1. 主語：表示句子所要說明或描述的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當，置于句首。如：1) The sun rises in the east. （名詞） 2) He likes dancing. （代詞）3) Twenty years is a short time in history.（數詞） 4) Seeing is believing. （動名詞）

2、 5) To see is to believe. （不定式） 6) What he needs is a book.（主語從句）7) It is nice to see you. （It形式主語，不定式是真正主語）8）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）2. 謂語：說明或描述主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征，由動詞或動詞短語充當，位于主語之后。如：Mother bought me a VCR. 媽給我買了一臺錄像機。The plane has taken off 飛機已經起

3、飛了。3表語：表示主語的身份、性質、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞、或相當于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語或句子充當，位于連系動詞之后，與連系動詞一起構成句子的謂語。如：1）He is a teacher. （名詞） 2）Seventy-four! You dont look like it. （代詞）3）Five and five is ten. （數詞） 4）He is asleep. （形容詞） 5 His father is in. （副詞） 6）The picture is on the wall. （介詞短語）7）My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容

4、詞化的分詞）8）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” （不定式）9）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）常見的系動詞有: be, sound（聽起來）， look（看起來）， feel（摸起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗、吃起來）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感覺） .1）It sounds a good idea. 2）The sound sounds strange.3）Her voice sounds sweet. 4）Tom l

5、ooks thin.5）The food smells delicious. 6）The food tastes good.7）The door remains open. 8）Now I feel tired.4. 賓語：指動作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當，位于動詞之后。如：1）動作的承受者動賓I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數詞）We should help the old and the poor. （形容詞）I enjoy working

6、with you. （動名詞） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 雙賓語間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.5. 賓語補足語：用來對賓語進行補充和說明，一般由名詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞等充當。如：We elected

7、him monitor.（名詞） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.（名）We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in. (副詞)Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning.（現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my

8、 bike repaired. （過去分詞） 6. 定語：對名詞或代詞進行修飾、限制或說明，一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞及句子等充當，位置可在所修飾的詞之前，也可在所修飾的詞之后。如：1）Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） 2）He is our friend. （代詞）3）We belong to the third world. （數詞）4）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）5）The man over there is my old friend. (副詞

9、) 6）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞短語)7）The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）8）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞） 9）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）10）You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）7. 狀語：用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語或句子充

10、當。如：（以下例句按上述順序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 記憶口訣：動詞種類速記： 英語動詞分四種，行為連系助動情。動作狀態(tài)為行動，充當謂語有作用；連系動詞有意義，不能獨立作謂語，須與表語在一起，常用look，become，be助動詞無意義，不能獨立作謂語，時態(tài)、疑問和否定，do，be，will最常用，情態(tài)動詞must，can，m