城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計淺析

1、城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計淺析摘要：城市居住區(qū)藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計是一門科學(xué)，更是一門藝術(shù)。優(yōu)美宜人的城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境能夠提升城市的區(qū)域環(huán)境質(zhì)量。要科學(xué)進(jìn)行城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計，創(chuàng)造人與環(huán)境、人與自然和諧發(fā)展的局面。關(guān)鍵詞：城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計一、城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀的構(gòu)成及設(shè)計理念1、城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀的構(gòu)成在藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計中如何對這些設(shè)計元素進(jìn)行綜合取舍合理配置乃是藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計的要點。（1）綠化。城市居住區(qū)的園藝綠化中，可將喬、灌、花、草結(jié)合，用草類塑造背景，點綴喬木、灌木、花卉，形成高低錯落的綠化景觀；將平面與立體結(jié)合，加強(qiáng)圍墻綠化、陽臺綠化、屋頂綠化、懸掛綠化、攀爬綠化等；將實用性與藝術(shù)

2、性結(jié)合，在藝術(shù)設(shè)計中追求構(gòu)圖、顏色、對比、質(zhì)感，形成綠點、綠帶、綠廊、綠坡、綠面等綠色景觀，豐富城市居住區(qū)綠化的內(nèi)涵。（2）道路。好的道路設(shè)計可以成為城市居住區(qū)的一道亮麗風(fēng)景線。道路往往和路牙、路邊塊石、休閑坐椅、植物配置、燈具等共同構(gòu)成城市居住區(qū)最基本的藝術(shù)景觀線。因此，在進(jìn)行城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計時，我們有必要對道路曲線、寬窄和分幅、鋪材、裝飾等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，以賦予道路美的形式。（3）駁岸。在景觀藝術(shù)設(shè)計中，可巧妙設(shè)計河道駁岸，制造急流、緩流、靜水，形成動靜結(jié)合的水景，再輔以燈光、噴泉等裝飾，則可形成標(biāo)志藝術(shù)景觀。（4）鋪地。廣場鋪地在城市居住區(qū)中是人們通過和逗留的場所，是人流集中的地方。

3、在藝術(shù)設(shè)計中，通過它的地坪高差、材質(zhì)、顏色、肌理、圖案的變化創(chuàng)造出富有魅力的路面和場地藝術(shù)景觀。（5）小品。主要包括雕塑小品、園藝小品、設(shè)施小品，小品在城市居住區(qū)藝術(shù)景觀中具有舉足輕重的作用，精心設(shè)計的小品往往成為人們視覺的焦點和小區(qū)的標(biāo)識，起到畫龍點睛、活躍空間氣氛的功效，成為城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境中的閃光點。2、城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀的設(shè)計理念（1）自然生態(tài)原則。要在尊重、保護(hù)自然生態(tài)資源的前提下，充分利用基地的原生態(tài)山水地形、花草樹木、土壤及大自然中的陽光、空氣、氣候因素等，合理布局、精心設(shè)計，創(chuàng)造出接近自然的城市居住區(qū)綠色藝術(shù)景觀環(huán)境。（2）以人為本原則。居民對城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境有著物質(zhì)方面和精神

4、方面的要求。藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計要強(qiáng)調(diào)對人的關(guān)懷。體現(xiàn)在活動場地分布、交往空間設(shè)置、藝術(shù)景觀小品等方面，創(chuàng)造一個更加健康生態(tài)、更具親和力的城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境。（3）因地制宜原則。城市居住區(qū)的環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計，要突出其地域性特征，充分表現(xiàn)基地所在地的自然景觀特色和歷史文化傳統(tǒng)，使藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計根植于地方土壤。（4）經(jīng)濟(jì)適用原則。城市居住區(qū)的環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計，要在保證各項使用功能的前提下，盡可能降低造價。既要考慮到環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀建設(shè)的費(fèi)用，還要兼顧到建成后的管理和運(yùn)行的費(fèi)用。二、城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計的著力點城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計，既要提高自然生態(tài)意識，使人與自然和諧共處，還要滿足居民各種活動的需求，便于

5、居民的活動、休閑、交往，使居民感受到地方的人文精神和美的享受。 1、注重因地制宜地進(jìn)行設(shè)計布局（1）考慮當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)土人情特點。了解該地的歷史與現(xiàn)狀，掌握其發(fā)展趨勢，因地制宜進(jìn)行藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計，與歷史環(huán)境相結(jié)合，貫徹生態(tài)原則、文化原則的設(shè)計布局，易于為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窠邮芎驼J(rèn)同。（2）考慮原有地形地貌形態(tài)。在對城市居住區(qū)藝術(shù)景觀環(huán)境進(jìn)行總體布局時，首先以貫徹“尊重自然”與“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”的思想，在尊重原有自然地形地貌條件，維護(hù)和保持基地原有的自然生態(tài)平衡的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行布局設(shè)計。（3）考慮外部自然景觀資源。運(yùn)用各種造景手法，將城市居住區(qū)周圍有觀賞價值的自然、人文藝術(shù)景觀資源納入到城市居住區(qū)的藝術(shù)景觀序列中

6、，或為視覺交點，或遙相呼應(yīng)，創(chuàng)造出城市居住區(qū)宜人的自然山水景觀。2、注重藝術(shù)景觀空間創(chuàng)造的多樣性一個好的居住環(huán)境，應(yīng)該讓生活在其中的居民感到安全、方便、舒適。藝術(shù)景觀空間的設(shè)計應(yīng)通過城市居住區(qū)藝術(shù)景觀環(huán)境綠色活動空間的創(chuàng)造，滿足不同社會群體、年齡層次及不同興趣愛好的群體的需要，滿足居民進(jìn)行各項戶外活動的需要。藝術(shù)景觀空間的設(shè)計，也應(yīng)該動、靜結(jié)合，開、閉相間。通過對地下、半地下車庫的地形處理、架空層的利用等，營造多層次的立體綠色藝術(shù)景觀活動空間。利用高低錯落、層次豐富的樹木花草、花壇坐凳、山石小品，使城市居住區(qū)戶外活動空間掩映在一片綠樹叢中，使戶外活動空間在形式、內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、景觀等方面呈現(xiàn)出多樣

7、性，達(dá)到生態(tài)化、功能化、景觀化、便捷化、多樣化。3、注重植物藝術(shù)景觀創(chuàng)造的生態(tài)性（1）以植物造景為主，形成點線面結(jié)合的綠色藝術(shù)景觀。點，指城市居住區(qū)中的公共綠地、組團(tuán)綠地，是城市居住區(qū)綠色藝術(shù)景觀系統(tǒng)中的藝術(shù)景觀節(jié)點，是城市居住區(qū)居民進(jìn)行戶外活動的公共活動空間；線，指城市居住區(qū)中的道路藝術(shù)景觀綠化、城市居住區(qū)周圍的防護(hù)性綠化帶；面，指城市居住區(qū)中面積最大，與居民日常生活最為貼近的宅旁綠地。（2）增加植物多樣性，構(gòu)筑穩(wěn)定的生態(tài)植物群落。在城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀設(shè)計中，增加植物品種的多樣性，形成自然植物群落的生態(tài)布局，增加綠量，提高植物群落的生態(tài)效益，形成層次、色彩豐富、多樣的植物藝術(shù)景觀。為此，

8、在植物的選擇上，要注重適地適樹，選擇鄉(xiāng)土樹種。這樣由鄉(xiāng)土樹種組成的植物群落，結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，長勢良好，還能體現(xiàn)出城市居住區(qū)環(huán)境藝術(shù)景觀的地方特色。（3）立體綠化，增加城市居住區(qū)的綠化量和生態(tài)效果。加強(qiáng)屋頂綠化、墻面綠化、陽臺窗臺綠化、棚架綠化等，增加綠地面積，進(jìn)一步地將綠色藝術(shù)景觀與建筑有機(jī)結(jié)合，使綠色空間與建筑室內(nèi)空間互相交融、滲透，軟化建筑平直的線條，使建筑與綠地形成自然過渡，減少屋頂、墻面材料的熱輻射，減少局部的熱島效應(yīng)，改善城市居住區(qū)的小氣候，產(chǎn)生生態(tài)的環(huán)保節(jié)能效果。City Residential District Environmental Art DesignAbstract: Cit

9、y residential district landscape design is a science, is an art. Beautiful city residential environment can improve the city 's environmental quality. To science city residential district environmental art landscape design, create the human and the environment, the harmonious development of man

10、and nature.Key word：City residential area of environmental art designOne，city residential district environmental landscape structure and design concept1，city residential district environmental landscape structure.In the art of landscape design of how these design elements were integrated choice of r

11、easonable configuration is the art of landscape design points.（1）Green. City residential area green gardening, Joe, irrigation can be, flowers, grass combined with grass, trees, shrubs, shaping background, embellishment, flowers, or a combination of the green landscape; the plane and three-dimension

12、al combination, strengthen walls greening, balcony greening, roof greening, greening, greening and other suspension climbing; the utility and the artistry, in art design in the pursuit of composition, color, contrast, texture, form green, green, green corridors, green slope, green, green landscape,

13、rich connotation of city landscaping of residential area.（2）Road. Good road design can become a residential area in the city together beautiful scenery line. Roads and Road teeth, roadside stone, leisure chairs, plant configuration, such as lamps together constitute the most basic city residential d

14、istrict landscape art line. Therefore, in city residential district environmental art design, we have the necessity to road curve, width and amplitude, wood shop, decoration of comprehensive consideration, in order to give the road forms of beauty.（3）Revetment. In the landscape art design, can the i

15、ngenious design of river bank, manufacturing jet, flow, hydrostatic, forming a combination of static and dynamic features, supplemented by lights, fountains and other decoration, can form sign art landscape.（4）Textile floor coverings. Square paving in the city residential areas is the people through

16、 and length of stay in place, are places of assembly. In art and design, through which the floor height, material, color, texture, pattern changes create a glamorous pavement and site-specific art landscape.（5）Sketch. Including sculpture, gardening pieces, facilities pieces, pieces in the city resid

17、ential area landscape art has play a decisive role in the role, well-designed pieces often become visual focus and cell identification, a finishing touch, active space atmosphere effect, become the city environment in the residential area of flash point.2，city residential district environmental and

18、design concept（1）Ecological principle. To respect, protect the natural ecological resources, make full use of the original ecological landscape terrain, base of flowers and trees, soil and nature in the sunshine, air, climate factors, reasonable layout, elaborate design, creating nearly natural city

19、 residential district green landscape environment.（2）The people-oriented principle. Residents of the city residential environment with material and spiritual demands. The art of landscape design should emphasize on human solicitude. Reflected in the active site distribution, communication space, lan

20、dscape art pieces and other aspects, to create a more healthy, more affinity for the city ecological environment in the residential area.（3）Suit one's measures to local conditions principle. City residential district environmental landscape design, to highlight the regional characteristics, the

21、full performance of the base seat of the natural landscape features and historical and cultural traditions, so that the art of landscape design is rooted in the local soil.（4）The application of economic principles. City residential district environmental landscape design, to ensure that each use fun

22、ction under the premise, as far as possible to reduce cost. We must take into account the environmental art landscape construction costs, but also to take into account after the completion of the management and operation cost.Two，city residential district environmental landscape design focusCity res

23、idential district environmental landscape design, it is necessary to improve the natural ecological consciousness, the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, but also to meet the needs of various activities for residents, residents activities, leisure, communication, so that residents feel the lo

24、cal humanistic spirit and enjoy. 1，Pay attention to suit one's measures to local conditions to design layout（1）Considering the local characteristics of local customs and practices. In order to know the history and the present situation, the development trend of landscape art design, suit on

25、e's measures to local conditions, and the history of the combination of environmental, carry out ecological principle, cultural principle design layout, easy for local residents to accept.（2）Considering the original terrain landform. In the city residential area landscape art environment for the

26、 conduct of the overall layout, the first to implement the" respect for nature" and" sustainable development" the thought, in respect of the original natural terrain conditions, and maintain the original base of natural ecological balance on the basis of layout design.（3）Consider

27、ing the external natural landscape resources. Using various landscaping technique, the city residential area around the ornamental value of nature, humanities landscape resources into city residential district landscape art in the sequence, or as the visual point of intersection, or echo each other

28、at a distance, to create the city residential district pleasant landscape.2，Pay attention to the art of landscape space to create diversity in a good living environment, should let the life in which people feel safe, convenient, comfortable.The art of landscape space design of city residential area

29、should be through art landscape green space creation, meet the needs of different social groups, age levels and different interest groups needs, meet the residents of various outdoor activities need. The art of landscape space design, should also be dynamic, static binding, open, close. Based on the

30、 underground, semi-underground garage terrain processing, elevated levels of use, build mutiple level stereo green art of landscape space. Utilization of scattered high and low, rich layers of flowers and trees, flower beds, stone stool sketch, make the city residential area outdoor activity space i

31、n a piece of green leaves, to make space for outdoor activities in the form, content, nature, landscape and other aspects to show diversity, achieve ecological, landscape, functional, convenient, diversification.3，Pay attention to botanical art landscape ecology（1）To plant landscaping, formation of

32、point-line green landscape art. Point, a city in residential area of public green space, green groups, is the city residential district green landscape system in the artistic landscape nodes, is the city residential area residents were outdoor public space; line, refers in residential area of city r

33、oad landscape, art city residential area around the protective green belt; surface, refers to the city residential area in the area is the largest, with the daily life of residents the most close to the building nearby green space.（2）Increasing plant diversity, build stable plant community ecology. In the city residential district environmental art landscape design, plant species diversity, form the natura