第十章連續(xù)油管技術

1、第十章連續(xù)油管技術 連續(xù)油管設備是一種液壓驅動的修井設備，有車裝和橇裝兩種，既可用于海上平臺又可用于陸地油田。它可以代替一般的修井設備和鋼絲作業(yè)設備進行修井、完井及鋼絲作業(yè)等，特別是在氣舉、酸化、沖砂、洗井、打撈作業(yè)、打水泥塞、坐封過油管封隔器、大斜度井及水平井作業(yè)等方面得到越來越廣泛的應用。 第一節(jié)連續(xù)油管設備如圖10-1-1所示，連續(xù)油管作業(yè)設備主要由：注入頭（驅動導向系統(tǒng)），滾筒和連續(xù)油管，操作間，動力源，防噴系統(tǒng)等五部分組成。 一、連續(xù)油管地面設備 1注入頭注入頭（驅動導向裝置）是將連續(xù)油管下入井內或是將油管從井內提出的裝置，其結構如圖10-1-2所示，其技術規(guī)范如表10-1-1。表1

2、0-1-1 注入頭技術規(guī)范15K30K80KSTANDARDDVN油管尺寸，in111.25，2.251.50，2.752.00，3.501.25，2.251.50，2.752.00，3.50上提、下放拉力（連續(xù)），lb（間斷），lb19300240003026071600856007320085366壓力系數，lb/psi7.72低速12.104高速30.26014.3224.4最大速度，ft/min低速112高速22418893.5，168速率，ft/min19310.56油管在注入頭內長度，in2030.4232.2532.25油管在注入頭內長度，in（密封到導向裝置）（密封到外鏈）（外

3、鏈到導向裝置）3.54.5229.55027.212.885.027.212.88重量，lb4200（含導向裝置）5500（含導向裝置）16000（含導向裝置）1400016000（含導向裝置）14000設備尺寸，in42.75×42.75×136.550×50×19675×181×26275×76×14575×181×26275×76×145導向半徑，in48729696馬達類型DOUBLEVANEDOUBLEVANEDOUBLEVANEDOUBLEVANE馬達頂替量，ft

4、39.5197.2513傳動比21.4821.4850.4750.47鏈輪直徑，in6.8038.4212.02512.025（1）驅動部分 該裝置是由兩個相對而視的鏈條盒構成，每個鏈條盒中含有兩條環(huán)形的內鏈條和外鏈條，鏈條盒上裝有兩個液壓動力裝置。連續(xù)油管的運動原理如下：液壓泵對鏈條盒提供液壓傳動力量，由于內鏈是雙向驅動，因而可帶動外鏈產生雙向運動。外鏈緊密壓合在連續(xù)油管上，產生軸向的摩擦力，這種摩擦力量要遠大于連續(xù)油管本身的自重，使之可自如地對油管進行上提、下放以及震擊等作業(yè)。哈里伯頓公司的驅動裝置有30K和80K兩種，30K的最大承載力為17t（380001b），最大速度為26mmin（

5、85ftmin），80K的最大承載力為36t（800001b），最大速度為52mmin（170ftmin），結構如圖10-1-3鏈條驅動裝置。液壓泵最大推薦壓力為17.2MPa（2500psi）。 （2）導向部分 該裝置在驅動裝置之上，連續(xù)油管從滾筒輸出后被置于布滿滾子的鵝頸形軌道上，并有一個彎形的護柵，罩在連續(xù)油管上，使連續(xù)油管能更便捷地沿著所定軌道運動，避免連續(xù)油管在運動中跳離軌道。參見圖10-1-4導向部分。 （3）負荷傳感器 該裝置位于注入頭下端和支撐架之間，與井口裝置相連，注入頭的重量和在井內連續(xù)油管的重量通過負荷傳感器與井口和支撐架分開。油管的負荷傳感器通過液壓系統(tǒng)傳遞到操作間的負

6、荷顯示表上。在實際操作時要注意將表設置在零的位置，此時的負荷是減去注入頭重量的負荷。結構如圖10-1-5負荷傳感器、 （4）盤根盒該裝置用法蘭連接在注入頭的底部，并在液壓的作用下通過彈簧加載進行開關工作。無論連續(xù)油管是否在井內，這套裝置都可便捷地拆裝其密封件，如關閉防噴器上的半封閘板，然后放掉閘板以上的壓力，把兩片卡瓦從頂端取出，便可更換新的密封件。結構如圖10-1-6盤根盒，技術規(guī)范如表10-1-2盤根盒技術規(guī)范。表10-1-2 盤根盒技術規(guī)范廠家TEXAS OIL TOOLSFOLEY尺寸，in類 型標 準標 準服 務H2S1DNV&ARTICH2S1DNV&ARTICH2

7、S1DNV&ARTICH2S1DNV&ARTICH2S1DNV&ARTICH2S1DNV&ARTICH2S1DNV&ARTIC下部扣型，in5.4ACME內螺紋5.754ACME內螺紋5.4ACME內螺紋5.75ACME內螺紋4.0610M內螺紋8.254ACME油壬5.4ACME外螺紋工作壓力，psi1000010000100001000010000100005000或10000液壓密封容積in33.53.53.53.55655653.5回壓容積，in34.04.04.04.01561564.0液壓密封壓力psi50005000500050005000

8、50005000回壓，psi500050005000500050005000重量，lb30030045045011001200250硫化氫，oF-20250-20250-20250-20250-20250-20250-20250DNV，oF-25250-25250-25250-25250-25200-25250-25250-32121-32121-32121-32121-3290-32121-32121ARTIC，oF-50200-50200-50200-50200-50200-502002防噴系統(tǒng)（1）防噴器 它是一套由四組閘板組合在一起的防噴裝置，即可以用液壓控制又可以手動操作。這四組閘板

9、從上到下依次為：全封，剪切閘板，油管懸掛閘板，半封。該系統(tǒng)設有平衡閥來平衡壓力。在剪切閘板和油管懸掛閘板之間是一個50.8mm（2in）的低扭矩閥，它既可作為油嘴用，也可以接卸壓井管線。在緊急情況下，還可以接壓井管線進行壓井作業(yè)。結構如圖10-1-7防噴器組，技術規(guī)范如表10-1-3防噴器技術規(guī)范。 （2）儲能器 連續(xù)油管的儲能器可分為兩種類型：活塞型和助推型。前者多設置在驅動裝置上，以 防在發(fā)動機失靈等情況下，仍能控制外鏈擠壓連續(xù)油管，防止連續(xù)油管松脫下滑；后者多設置在操作間下方，并與防噴器相連，以備在動力源失控情況下，仍能提供能量關閉防噴器。所有的儲能器都是只儲存液氮，而且氧氣含量不可超過

10、3。在每次充氮之前，都要將原來罐中的遺留液體排出。為此這兩種儲能器都裝有排泄閥。驅動裝置上的儲能器一般要充填2.4MPa（系統(tǒng)壓力設置為6.9MPa）或3.45MPa壓力的氮氣（系統(tǒng)壓力設在10.3MPa）。防噴系統(tǒng)的儲能器需充填到只比最小系統(tǒng)壓力少1.4MPa，最小系統(tǒng)壓力是8.3MPa時，儲能器的壓力充填到6.9MPa。最低的氮氣量要足夠用于關閉所有防噴器閥門1.5次。（3）防噴管防噴管安裝在盤根盒和防噴器（或防噴器和采油樹）之間，下入井下工具或起出井下工具時都需要防噴管，其結構和作用與鋼絲作業(yè)防噴管一樣。 3動力源動力源由柴油機、液壓泵、液壓油箱及液壓控制系統(tǒng)組成。它能向連續(xù)油管的注入頭

11、、油管滾筒控制系統(tǒng)、操作間及防噴器控制系統(tǒng)提供液壓動力。規(guī)范見表10-1-4動力源技術規(guī)范。表 1013 防噴器技術規(guī)范廠 家TEXASOILT00LSFOLEY類型QUADQUADQUAD閘板型盲板、密封型全能型QUAD尺寸， in服務硫化氫工作壓力，psi1000010000100001000010000100005000（10000）關斷客量，gal0.1360.1360.6411.11.11.10.19關斷防噴器及助推器量，gal0.5280.5280.6413.163.163.16關斷壓力比9：l9：l13：l13：l13：l13：l7.9：l關斷防噴器及助推器比21.2：121.2

12、：144.8：144.8：1開啟容量,gal0.1210.1210.5440.9310.9310.9310.19正常開啟壓力,psi1500150015001500150015001500最大開啟壓力,psi5000500050002000200020005000重量.1b1300160040009009001800980硫化氫-20F250F-20F250F-20F250F-20F250F-20F250F-20F250F-20F250FDNV,C-32F121F-25F250F-32F121F-25F250F-32F121F-25F250F-32F121F-25F250F-32F121F-2

13、5F250F-32F121F-25F250F-32F121F-25F250FARTIC -50F200F-50F200F-50F200F-50F200F-50F200F-50F200F-50F200F上部接頭,in5.4ACME外螺紋5.75ACME外螺紋4.06BX-155法蘭4.06BX-155法蘭4.06BX-155法蘭4.06BX-155法蘭5.4ACME外螺紋下法蘭接頭,in-10M-10M-10M4.06BX-155法蘭4.06BX-155法蘭4.06BX-155法蘭-5M-10M法蘭側面出口,in2BX-152法蘭2BX-152法蘭2BX-152法蘭不選用不選用2BX-152法蘭

14、-5M-10M表10-1-4 動力源技術規(guī)范動力源類型撬 裝撬 裝柴油機型號6V53T671最大功率hp233175轉速RPM26001800液壓泵排量，gal/minA泵在2500psi時為38在2500psi時為38B泵在2300psi時為32在2300psi時為32C泵在1900psi時為22在1900psi時為22操作間和滾筒的控制制泵，泵壓在2500psi時的最大泵排量，gal/min2929液壓油箱容積，gal160160柴油箱容積，gal2525柴油機啟動方式氣啟動氣啟動 4滾筒滾筒下端的馬達通過滾筒上的軸鏈和滾子使?jié)L筒有方向地轉動，滾筒的大小決定了所使用的連續(xù)油管的尺寸和長度，

15、滾筒的主軸是空心的，通過它可泵送各種液體進入連續(xù)油管內部，連續(xù)油管末端的內側與空心的滾筒支架連在一起，并直接與旋轉接頭相接，用循環(huán)泵將氣體、液體通過此接頭泵到井內，從而保證在連續(xù)油管下入或回收過程中能進行循環(huán)。在緊急情況下，可以關掉油管及軸梁間的一個34.5MPa或69MPa的截流閥，滾筒結構如圖10-1-8，技術規(guī)范如表10-1-5滾筒技術規(guī)范。表10-1-5 油管滾筒總成技術規(guī)范產品部件號996.16074996.16076996.15871997.02400997.02104997024079970210299616786重量(空），lb5500700096007800850099009

16、00014000高，in118.75118.75118.75129.5298138.75142154寬，in949498.3893.889695.521102長，in128.75128.75149.25139.75126139.75173168直徑，in7272728072808484法蘭直徑，in118118118128104138142144滾筒直徑，in54.1354.1354.1354.137954.13板576材料鋼鋼鋼鋼鋼鋼鋼鋼油管外徑，in1.251.251.251.51.25；1.51.51.25；2.3751.25；2.375產品部件號996.16074996.1607699

17、6.15871997.02400997.02104997024079970210299616786滾筒容載，ft1750017500175001500015000(1.25)8000(1.50)180017350(1.75)12500(2.375) 工作壓力，psi100001000010000100001000010000100005000服務類型硫化氫硫化氫硫化氫硫化氫硫化氫硫化氫硫化氫硫化氫校向器996.15830996.15830996.15830996.15830996.15830996.15830498.5600170.40292液壓驅動裝置996.15847996.1584799

18、6.15848996.15847997.21007996.15847278.9978270.40263保護架997.07407997.07407997.07407997.07407997.07407 對應欄中的數字（如996.15830）為產品部件號 5操作間 連續(xù)油管的操作間可通過液壓控制而升降，坐在操作間內就可以看到連續(xù)油管的運動狀況和井口的情況。 操作間內的儀表盤上安裝了各式的控制閥和儀表。油管滾筒和注入頭由雙向開關來控制其傳輸的方向，速度的變化由調壓閥控制，其壓力顯示在儀表盤上的兩只壓力表上。同樣，油管排放器的馬達、柴油機的油門、柴油機的緊急關斷、井口壓力表、油管懸重儀、防噴器等裝置的

19、控制開關也都在操作間的儀表盤上。為防止操作失誤而造成事故，防噴器開關上裝有保護板以保證安全。另外在操作間還有備用的手壓泵，以便在液壓系統(tǒng)失效時，控制注入頭和防噴盒，以及在儲能器失效時用于防噴器緊急關斷。 二、連續(xù)油管 1連續(xù)油管規(guī)格表10-1-6表10-1-11分別為QT一700、QT一800、cymax80、cymaxl00連續(xù)油管的技術數據，圖10-1-9為連續(xù)油管拉伸量與油管長度關系圖。表10-1-6 QT700連續(xù)油管數據管子尺寸mm重量kg/m負荷容量kg壓力容量mm2扭矩N·m內容積L/m外容積L/m外徑min壁厚min壁厚min內徑min屈服min極限min屈服min試

20、驗80%破裂min擠毀min屈服極限25.4025.4025.402.032.212.412.592.771.912.082.295.462.6421.3420.9820.5720.2219.861.1711.2641.3681.4571.5457345792585809140969083909060980510450110757279869310057626874799110011112012971768288933904154424654855205535906206480.3580.3460.3320.3210.3100.5070.5070.5070.5070.50731.7531.75

21、31.7531.7531.7531.7531.7531.752.032.212.412.592.773.173.403.961.912.082.292.462.643.053.283.8427.6927.3326.2125.4024.9423.831.4891.6101.7461.8631.9782.2372.3792.7159340101001095011690124161403514925170351067511540125151335514185164041706017470576369748092991164650555964737993727987941021191281525260

22、67727686921056406847327738128959391036853912976103110831194125213810.6020.5870.5690.5540.5400.5070.4890.4460.7920.7920.7920.7920.7920.7920.7920.79238.1038.1038.1038.1038.1038.102.412.592.773.173.403.962.292.462.643.053.283.8433.2732.9232.5631.7531.2930.182.1232.2682.4122.7342.9123.335133201423015135

23、171551827020925152251626517295196052088023920576266778397464953616677727884981051255158657378891096116012221357142815891461154716301809190421190.8700.8510.8330.7920.7690.7151.1401.1401.1401.1401.1401.14044.4544.4544.4544.4544.452.773.173.403.964.442.643.053.283.844.3238.9138.1037.6436.5335.562.8453.

24、2813.4453.9564.3851185520275216152482027515204052317524705283703144557667183934552566674718389106120506368788617171915202122642457229025542698301932761.1891.1401.1131.0480.9931.5521.5521.5521.5521.55250.8050.8050.8050.8050.8050.8050.802.773.173.403.964.444.785.162.643.053.283.844.324.655.0345.2644.4

25、543.9942.8841.9141.2540.493.2793.7283.9784.5765.0815.4195.803205752339524960287203188034005364152351526740285253281536435388654162050576272818895394649576570756272789210411312338505669778287229725712718306033343511370530623427362440804445468249401.6091.5521.5201.4441.3791.3361.2872.0272.0272.0272.02

26、72.0272.0272.02760.3360.3360.3360.3360.3360.3360.332.773.173.403.964.444.785.162.643.053.283.844.324.655.0354.7953.9835.5252.4051.4350.7750.013.9294.4744.7775.5076.1256.5417.014246552807529975345553843541045440152817532085342603949543925469105030542485261697480393841485559645160657687941022635415565

27、7075332537353958448049045181548844334981527859736539690973172.3572.2882.2492.1562.0782.0251.9642.8582.8582.8582.8582.8582.8582.85873.0373.033.173.403.053.2866.6766.225.4685.84334315366653922041905404331344953222756285976750479693.4913.4434.1884.18873.0373.0373.0373.033.964.444.785.163.844.324.655.03

28、65.1064.1363.4762.716.7487.5178.0368.62942340471705043054140483955391057635618855057616639454853627176833847546267987437791984159063996510558112213.3283.2303.1643.0884.1884.1884.1884.18888.9088.9088.9088.9088.903.403.964.444.785.163.28.844.324.655.0382.0980.9880.0179.3578.597.1758.2999.2579.90510.64

29、745025520755809062160668155146059515663907104576365354146505428333739434351576267172432374390841037511449121611296112112128341526516215172815.2925.1495.0274.9454.8506.2076.2076.2076.2076.207本數據沒有提供額定壓力下的軸向拉伸。本數據用于最小受力下的新油管；最大工作壓力由管子狀態(tài)制約并由用戶決定；min最小數據。表10-1-7 QT-800連續(xù)油管數據管子尺寸mm重量kg/m負荷容量kg壓力容量mm2扭矩N&

30、#183;m內容積L/m外容積L/m外徑min壁厚min壁厚min內徑min屈服min極限min屈服min試驗80%破裂min擠毀min屈服極限25.4025.4025.402.032.212.412.592.771.912.082.295.462.6421.3420.9820.5720.2219.861.1711.2641.3681.4571.545839090609805104501107594401019011030117501246082909910611466717985911031131251351468187941011074464745055315565946326747087

31、410.3580.3460.3320.3210.3100.5070.5070.5070.5070.50731.7531.7531.7531.7531.7531.7531.7531.752.032.212.412.592.773.173.403.961.912.082.292.462.643.053.283.8427.6927.3326.2125.4024.9423.831.4891.6101.7461.8631.9782.2372.3792.71510675115401251513355141851604017060194701201012980140801502515960180501919

32、52190566727985911051131335257636873849110681899810611513414417158677782879910512073178283788392810231073118497510421116117812371364143115780.6020.5870.5690.5540.5400.5070.4890.4460.7920.7920.7920.7920.7920.7920.7920.79238.1038.1038.1038.1038.1038.102.412.592.773.173.403.962.292.462.643.053.283.8433.

33、2732.9232.5631.7531.2930.182.1232.2682.4122.7342.9123.335152251626517295196052088023920171251830019455220552349026910667176889411152566070758881889411011914156647284891021253132613971551163218171670176318632067217624220.8700.8510.8330.7920.7690.7151.1401.1401.1401.1401.1401.14044.4544.4544.4544.4544

34、.452.773.173.403.964.442.643.053.283.844.3238.9138.1037.6436.5335.562.8453.2813.4453.9564.385204052317524705283703144522955260702779031915358806575819510752596475858093101119135557077899919632189231025882808261729183080345037441.1891.1401.1131.0480.9931.5521.5521.5521.5521.55250.8050.8050.8050.8050.

35、8050.802.773.173.403.964.444.782.643.053.283.844.324.6545.2644.4543.9942.8841.9141.253.2793.7283.9784.5765.0815.41923515267402852532815364353886526450300803209036920409954372057667183931004552566674806981871031171274155637988932625293831063497381040133500391741424662508153501.6091.5521.5201.4441.379

36、1.3362.0272.0272.0272.0272.0272.02750.885.165.0340.495.83416204682510986138100423556461.2872.02760.3360.3360.3360.3360.3360.3360.332.773.173.403.964.444.785.162.643.053.283.844.324.655.0354.7953.9835.5252.4051.4350.7750.013.9294.4744.7775.5076.1256.5417.0142817532085342603949543925469105030531700361

37、6038540444304941552775565954855597078849138444755626773586773869810611527384560748086380042694524512056055922627250665692603268277473789583622.3572.2882.2492.1562.0782.0251.9642.8582.8582.8582.8582.8582.8582.85873.0373.0373.0373.0373.0373.033.173.403.964.444.785.163.053.283.844.324.655.0366.6766.226

38、5.1064.1363.4762.715.4685.8436.7487.5178.0368.62939220419054835953910576356188544120471405444060645648406962545495765707536394651556055597080869423284152606964326830776985419050961885769107103581138812067128233.4913.4433.3283.2303.1643.0884.1884.1884.1884.1884.1884.18888.9088.9088.9088.9088.903.403.

39、964.444.785.163.28.844.324.655.0382.0980.9880.0179.3578.597.1758.2999.2579.90510.647514605951566390710457636557890669607469079925859104047535762323742454948576570761825344047103821185813084138981481213842158101744618531197505.2925.1495.0274.9454.8506.2076.2076.2076.2076.207 本數據沒有提供額定壓力下的軸向拉伸。最大工作壓力由

40、管子狀態(tài)制約并由用戶決定；本數據用于最小受力下的新油管；min最小數據。表10-1-8 Cymax80連續(xù)油管數據外徑壁厚內徑重量載荷屈服壓力破裂壓力扭矩容積inmminmminmmlb/ftkg/mLbkgpsikPapsikPaFt·lbN·mgal/103ftL/m 0.75119.10.0872.21 0.57614.630.6160.91714500 657020600141900180 24413.54 0.168 1.00025.40.0872.21 0.82620.980.8481.26219960 90501380095100 1

41、550010680035047427.84 0.345 1.25031.8 1.25031.80.0872.210.1092.77 1.07627.33 1.03226.211.0811.6081.3281.9762543011530312601417011100765001380095100 12500 86100 1560010750057678168492747.24 0.58643.45 0.539 1.50038.1 1.5000.0872.210.109 1.32633.68 1.2821.1311.9541.619309001401038110 92006340011600 10

42、4007170013000 8601166103071.74 0.89067.06 38.1 1.500 38.12.770.1343.4032.56 1.23231.292.4101.9552.909172804600020860799001420097800 89600 16000110200139612041632 0.83161.93 0.768 1.75044.5 1.75044.50.1092.770.1343.40 1.53238.91 1.48237.641.9102.8432.3133.44144950203805442024670 990068200122008410011200772001370094400144819631704231095.76 1.18789.61 1.111 2.00050.8 2.00050.80.1092.770.1343.40 1.78245.26 1.73243.992.2013.2762.6703.97451800234906284028490 8700599001070073700 98006750012000827001936262422913106129.