mechanical components

1、 Unit 1Component(圖書(shū)館中文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)17898條）nResearch on Intrusion Detection System Neural Networks and Principal Component Analysis基于主成分分析的神經(jīng)基于主成分分析的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測(cè)仿真研究（計(jì)算機(jī)仿真）網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測(cè)仿真研究（計(jì)算機(jī)仿真）nFatigue life prediction research on aeroplane structures component飛機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)飛機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)部件疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)研究（部件疲勞壽命預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)研究（沈陽(yáng)航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) ）New wordsnSha

2、ft , accessory, n clutch 離合器（抓住，抓緊，爪，抓舉設(shè)備,snatch ）nScrew,spring,nbearing 軸承 （ bear:負(fù)擔(dān), 忍受）nCam,gear,overstress,key,spline,pin,ncross-section,hub,straight,nTaper,permanent,integral,keyway,restrain,coaxial shaft,nPositive shaft, negativen engagement 結(jié)合,nstationary,consist of,truncate,cone,helical,groo

3、venScrewdriver, slot,oval(overall),hexagonalNew wordsnCap screw,clamp(fixture),internal,thread,bolt,nut,nwasher,nWorm gear pair,worm wheel, ncoupling 聯(lián)軸器（couple?)nSolid shaft,component,cyclindrical,rotate,torquenflexible shaft 柔性軸nRadii(radius,radio),radial(Radial bearing,),axialntrust 推力nangular co

4、ntact bearing角接觸球軸承(contact:接觸，聯(lián)系，接點(diǎn)，觸點(diǎn)，接觸通電，line contact,point contact,contact dot,contact switch)New wordsnalign ,alignment校正，調(diào)整，結(jié)盟，排列成行）（self-aligning ball bearing）nfollower （從動(dòng)件）nMesh, rack, pinion (opinion?) ,nherringbone 人字形nbevel gear錐形齒輪，helical gear斜齒輪nvice versa,parallelnTerminology,pitch

5、circle,theoretical,calculation,tangent,nCircular pitch,adjacent,diametrical pitchntolerate 公差,忍受，容忍N(yùn)ew wordsndeflection變形，偏斜，偏差nFailure,resilient connection,delicatenindiscriminately不加選擇的，任意的nLubrication,seal,curvilinear,misalignmentnPropeller shaft,rigid,separate,reciprocalnmodule 模數(shù)nAddendum,齒頂高de

6、dendum,right angle,nsingle enveloping,nomenclature,nin the sense that,emergency,replacenline shaft 動(dòng)力軸，主傳動(dòng)軸，總軸，中間軸Fsolid shaft實(shí)心軸As a machine component, a shaft is commonly a cylindrical bar that supports and rotates with devices for receiving and delivering rotary motion and torque.Fig.2-1 illustra

7、tes six different types of typical shafts.Fig.2-2 shows an application example of typical shaft arrangements. Fflexible shaft柔性軸Compared with solid shafts, flexible shafts can be bent too much smaller radii without being overstressed.shaft n. 拍桿；軸；箭桿；桿狀物 ngear shaft齒輪軸；齒軸nrotating shaft旋轉(zhuǎn)軸；回轉(zhuǎn)軸；轉(zhuǎn)軸nax

8、le shaft半軸；機(jī) 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸；車(chē)輛 車(chē)軸；機(jī) 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸半軸 axle ksl nmain shaft n. 主軸；總軸 nvertical shaft 立井；立軸；立柱 nshaft wall 井壁砌壁；爐墻 nshaft furnace 豎式爐 ndrive shaft 驅(qū)動(dòng)軸；主動(dòng)軸cylindrical silindrikl ncylindrical silindrikl arrangement n. 布置；整理；準(zhǔn)備 narrangement for 對(duì)的安排 ninstitutional arrangement 制度安排；制序安排；機(jī)構(gòu)安排 nflower arrangement

9、插花，鮮花裝飾 ncourse arrangement 課程安排 ngeneral arrangement 總布置narrangement diagram ,arrangement plan布置圖；配置圖n radiireidiai nn. 半徑（radius的復(fù)數(shù)） nradius reidis overstress 過(guò)應(yīng)力nOverstress Test過(guò)載試驗(yàn)nvt. 過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)；過(guò)分拉緊（或緊張） n. 過(guò)分的強(qiáng)調(diào)；緊張過(guò)度nThis time we must be careful not to overstress the importance of the game, so we c

10、an play more naturally and not be distracted.n“我們對(duì)首場(chǎng)比賽看的太重了，以至影響了我們的發(fā)揮”拉齊奧門(mén)將說(shuō)道?！斑@一次我們必須注意不要對(duì)比賽太過(guò)看重，我們才能踢得自然，不被外界影響?！盕solid shaft實(shí)心軸machine component cylindrical barsupports and rotatesreceiving and delivering rotary motion and torqueFflexible shaft柔性軸can be bentcylindrical 圓柱的圓柱的rotate 旋轉(zhuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn) torque 轉(zhuǎn)

11、矩轉(zhuǎn)矩 radii radius的復(fù)數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)FKeys,splines,and pins The primary purpose of keys,splines,and pins is to prevent relative rotary movementA commonly used type of key has a square cross section and is sunken half in the shaft and half in the hub of the other member.Another common type of key has a rectangular

12、cross section with a depth to width ratio 0.75.Both of these keys may either be straight or tapered in depth.Splines are permanent keys integral with the shaft,fitting in key ways cut in the hub.The dimensions of spline fittings are standardized for both permanent(press) fits and sliding fitsTapered

13、 circular pins can be used to restrain shaft-mounted members from both axial and rotational movement.accessory n. 配件；附件；法 從犯 adj. 副的；同謀的；附屬的nHe was charged with being an accessory to the crime.他被認(rèn)為是該謀殺案的從犯。naccessory factor輔助因子；增補(bǔ)因素；附屬要素nAccessory kit附件包；附件工具包；附屬品；成套附件nAccessory device附屬裝置；輔助裝置prima

14、ry adj. 主要的；初級(jí)的；基本的 n. 原色；最主要者nprimary education初等教育；小學(xué)教育；基礎(chǔ)教育；初級(jí)教育nprimary demand基本需求；基本需要Pin n. 大頭針，針；栓；瑣碎物 vt. 釘??；壓?。粚⒂冕槃e住nanchor pin錨梢；支承銷(xiāo)；機(jī) 固定錨銷(xiāo)；機(jī) 錨銷(xiāo)ncotter pin機(jī) 開(kāi)口銷(xiāo)；曲柄梢；機(jī) 開(kāi)尾銷(xiāo)；扁銷(xiāo)nhair pin發(fā)夾；發(fā)叉；細(xì)銷(xiāo)；發(fā)針nI pricked the map with a pin to show our route.我用大頭針在地圖上刺孔標(biāo)出我們的路線。sunken nadj. 沉沒(méi)的；凹陷的；比周?chē)偷?nv.

15、 下沉；沉沒(méi)（sink的過(guò)去分詞）nsunken wreck水下沉船；沉船水下沉船；沉船nhub hb n.n集線器,輪轂鐵路 ,花鼓(自行車(chē)),交換機(jī)nSocial Hub社交圈；社交中心；社交中間；社交中央nfront hub前輪轂；前花鼓；前軸；前輪軸nrear hub后輪轂；后花鼓；后軸；后輪軸Some new wordsratio reiiu, -u turns ratio變比；圈數(shù)比 taper 錐度，逐漸變細(xì)錐度，逐漸變細(xì) torque 轉(zhuǎn)矩轉(zhuǎn)矩 cross-section橫截面橫截面integral整體的整體的fit 配合配合 keyway 鍵槽鍵槽shaft-mounted

16、安裝在軸上的安裝在軸上的permanent p:mnnt axial ksil adj. 軸的；軸向的 naxial plane機(jī) 軸向平面；機(jī)地質(zhì) 軸面；機(jī) 軸線平面；機(jī) 軸線的平面naxial stress力 軸向應(yīng)力；力 軸應(yīng)力；房屋地政naxial force軸向力；軸向載荷；奧氏體不銹鋼；軸力fit nvt. 安裝；使適應(yīng)；使合身；與相符 vi. 符合，配合；適合；合身 adj. 健康的；合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)?；?zhǔn)備好的 n. 合身；發(fā)作；痙攣nshrinkage fit收縮配合；fit together組裝在一起；組合；組裝在fit tolerance配合公差；擬合公差nThat skir

17、t doesnt fit you.那條裙子不合你的身材。nfit for something 使勝任某事，使適應(yīng)(或適合)某事 nfit for adj. 適于；適合的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?nkeep fit 保持（身體）健康 nfit in 適應(yīng)，適合；裝配好；找時(shí)間做 nfit into vt. 適合，適應(yīng)；符合mounting n. 裝備，裝配；上馬；襯托紙 v. 增加（mount的ing形式）；爬上 adj. 逐漸增加的n安裝mounting 支座，底托，起支撐、背景或襯托作用的物體；a mounting for a gem.珠寶的底托nmounting dimensions 裝配尺寸nmount

18、ing hole 安裝孔 nresilient mounting彈性機(jī)墊；減震器；減振器；減震器減震固定件Fthe primary purpose:prevent ralative rotary movementkey鍵a square cross sectiona rectangular cross sectionspline花鍵permanent keypermanent fits and sliding fitspin銷(xiāo)rstrain the axial and rotational movement高/寬之比為0.75Fclutch 離合器A clutch is a device fo

19、r quickly and easily connecting or disconnecting a rotary shaft with a rotating coaxial shaft. Clutches are usually placed between the input to a machine and the output shaft from the driving motor,and provide a convenient means for starting and stopping the machine and permitting the driver or engi

20、ne to be started in an unloaded state.A mechanical clutch may provide either a positive drive with no slip,or the torque transmitted may depend on friction.clutch 離合器（抓住，抓緊，爪，抓舉設(shè)備,snatch, jerk挺舉 ）nA drowning man will clutch at a straw.一個(gè)溺水的人想抓住任何能抓住的東西。nThe clutch is a friction-type uncoupling devic

21、e. It is linked to a clutch pedal in the drivers compartment.離合器是一種摩擦式分離裝置，與駕駛室中離合器踏板相連接coaxialkuksl adj. 同軸的，共軸的 nCoaxial cable is a type of shielded cable.同軸電纜是遮蔽電纜的一種。nThis mechanism has its special characteristics, such as large indexing number, high speed, high indexing precision, coaxial input

22、 and output, etc.該凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)具有分度數(shù)大、高速度、分度精度高、輸入輸出同軸的特點(diǎn)。Fclutch 離合器 connecting or disconnecting a rotary shaft with a rotating coaxial shaftFunloaded state空載狀態(tài)FPositive adj. 積極的；數(shù) 正的，化學(xué)醫(yī) 陽(yáng)性的；確定的，肯定的；實(shí)際的，真實(shí)的；絕對(duì)的 FPositive drive 強(qiáng)制傳動(dòng)Fslip滑動(dòng)Ffriction摩擦Fscrew:螺釘Screws have been used as fastener for a long time

23、,a screw consists of a circular cylinder(or truncated cone)with a helical groove in it.Screws with screwdriver slots have heads of several shapes,such as flat,oval and round.Screws with hexagonal heads are usually known as cap screws. These screws are used to clamp machine parts together when one of

24、 the parts has an internal thread.If neither parts is threaded a bolt must be used,which consists of a screw with a hexagonal head,a nut(hexagonal ring with an internal thread),an usually a washer(flat ring).Some new words fastener 輪轂輪轂truncated cone 截去尖端的圓錐體截去尖端的圓錐體 helical 螺旋的螺旋的 groove 凹槽凹槽screwd

25、rive 螺釘起子螺釘起子slot 縫，狹槽縫，狹槽 hexagonal 六角形的六角形的heksnl cap screws 有頭螺釘clamp 夾緊夾緊thread 螺紋螺紋bolt 螺栓螺栓nut 螺帽螺帽washer 墊圈墊圈clamp vt. 夾緊，固定住n. 夾鉗，螺絲鉗nAir clamp氣動(dòng)夾具nFastening clamp nThe chucking force is very important in designing process of machine tool clamp.在機(jī)床夾具的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，夾緊力起著非常重要的作用Fscrew:螺釘used as fasten

26、erconsist of a circular cylindera helical grooveFseveral shapesflat,oval and roundFcap screws有頭螺釘Fspring 彈簧A spring is a load-sensitive,energy-storing device,the chief characteristics of which are an ability to tolerate large deflections without failure and to recover its initial size and shape when

27、 loads are removed.Springs are used for a variety of purpose,such as supplying the motive power in clocks and watches,cushioning transport vehicles,measuring weights,making resilient connections,and providing shock protection for delicate instruments during shipment.Some new wordsdeflection 變形變形n. 偏

28、向；撓曲；偏差偏向；撓曲；偏差n bending deflection 彎曲撓度 ndeflection angle 偏轉(zhuǎn)角；撓角；傾斜角failure 失效失效cushion墊子墊子, 軟墊軟墊, 襯墊，加襯墊襯墊，加襯墊cushioning減震，緩沖減震，緩沖resilient connection 彈性連接彈性連接resilient rizilint, -jnt adj. 彈回的，有彈力的 delicate 精密的精密的 adj. 微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的；微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的；易碎的；纖弱的；清淡可口的易碎的；纖弱的；清淡可口的 delicate food美味食品Fsp

29、ring 彈簧load-sensitive,energy-storingto tolerate large deflectionsrecover its initial size and shapeFpurposesupplying the motive powercushioning transport vehiclsmeasuring weightsmaking resilient connectionsshock protectionBall berings are used in almost every kind of machine and device with rotating

30、 parts.The bearing must be provided with adequate mounting,lubrication,and sealing.A ball bearing usually consists of four parts:an inner ring,an outer ring,the ball and the cage or the separator.To increase the contact area and permit larger loads to be carried,the ball runs in curvilinear grooves

31、in the rings.The radius of the groove is slightly larger than the radius of the ball and a very slight amout of radial play must be provided.The bearing is thus permitted to adjust itself to small amount of angular misalignment in the assembled shaft and mounting.The separator keeps the balls evenly

32、 spaced and prevents them from touching each other.ncage keid n. 籠，獸籠；牢房，監(jiān)獄 vt. 把關(guān)進(jìn)籠子；把囚禁起來(lái)nseparator sepreit n. 分離器；計(jì) 分隔符 curvilinear曲線形的ncurvilinear,k:vilinin curvilinear motion 曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)nradial play徑向游間/徑向游隙 nShaft Radial Play徑向跳動(dòng)nmisalignment n. 不重合；未對(duì)準(zhǔn)n angular misalignment 角度誤差naxis misalignment軸對(duì)準(zhǔn)

33、誤差nhorizontal misalignment水平偏差nevenly i:vnli均勻地, 平坦地mounting n. 裝備，裝配；上馬；襯托紙 v. 增加（mount的ing形式）；爬上 adj. 逐漸增加的n安裝mounting 支座，底托，起支撐、背景或襯托作用的物體；a mounting for a gem.珠寶的底托nmounting dimensions 裝配尺寸nmounting hole 安裝孔 nresilient mounting彈性機(jī)墊；減震器；減振器；減震器減震固定件ball bearing球軸承adequate mounting,lubrication,and

34、 sealingconsists of:an inner ring an outer ring the ball the cage or the separatorradial bearing徑向軸承thrust bearing止推推力 angular contact bearing角接觸球軸承self-aligning ball bearing自調(diào)整球軸承Ball berings is made in a wide variety of types and sizes.The radial bearing is able to carry a considerable amount of a

35、xial thrust.However,when the load is directed entirely along the axis,the thrust type of bearing should be used.The angular contact bearing will take care of both radial and axial loads.The self-aligning ball bearing will take care of large amount of angular misalignment.New wordsncurvilinear 曲線形的nr

36、adial play 徑向游間（游隙）nangular misalignment 角度誤差nshaft 軸，桿狀物nmounting 支座，底托，起支撐、背景或襯托作用的物體；a mounting for a gem.珠寶的底托nevenly 均勻地, 平坦地ntake care of照顧；注意；撫養(yǎng) .Sorry Im late. I had to take care of something urgent.對(duì)不起，我來(lái)遲了。我必須處理一些急事A cam is a machine member that drives a follower through a specified motion

37、.By the proper design of a cam,any desired motion to a machine member can be obtained.As such,cams are widely used in almost all machinery.They include internal combustion engines,a variety of machine tools,compressors and computers.In general,a cam can be designed in two ways.the profile of a cam i

38、s so designed to give a desired performance by the follower to choose a suitable profile to ensure a satisfactory performance by the followerA rotary cam is a part on a machine,which changes cylindrical motion to straight-line motion.The purpose of a cam is to transmit various kinds of motion to oth

39、er parts of machine.specified nadj. 規(guī)定的；詳細(xì)說(shuō)明的 nv. 指定；詳細(xì)說(shuō)明（specify的過(guò)去分詞）nspecified use指定用途；規(guī)定的用途； nYou specified an invalid bitmap file. Please type another file name or click Browse.您指定的位圖文件無(wú)效。請(qǐng)鍵入其他文件名或單擊“瀏覽”。desirednadj. 渴望的；想得到的 nv. 渴望，要求（desire的過(guò)去分詞形式）nThe metal cutting tool separates chips from

40、the workpiece in order to cut the part to the desired shape and size.為了要把加工的零件切削成所要求的形狀與尺寸，金屬切削刀具就要從工件上切除切屑。ninternal combustion engine內(nèi)燃機(jī) ncombustion kmbstn n. 燃燒，氧化；騷動(dòng) nperfect combustion完全燃燒；理想燃燒；combustion efficiency熱 燃燒效率；燃燒效率燃燒室效率nperformancen. 性能；績(jī)效；表演；執(zhí)行 nPerformance testing性能測(cè)試； Practically

41、 every cam must be designed and manufactured to fit special requirements.Though each cam appears to be quite different from the other,all of them work in similar way.In each case,as the cam is rotated or turned,another part is connected with the cam,called a follower,is moved either right or left,up

42、 an down,or in and out.The follower is usually connected to other parts on the machine to accomplish the desired action.If the follower losed contact with the cam,it will fail to work.four typescam凸輪drive a followerbe used widely:internal combustion engines,a variety of machine tools,compressors and

43、 computerscan be designed in two ways:the profile of a cam is so designed to give a desired performance by the follower to choose a suitable profile to ensure a satisfactory performance by the followerPurpose(change cylindrical motion to straight-line motion)transmit various kinds of motion to other

44、 parts of machinefour typesntranslating cam移動(dòng)凸輪 mesh 嚙合 moderate speed中速 intersecting交叉 rack齒條 pinion小齒輪 vice versa反之亦然parallel平行的 terminology術(shù)語(yǔ)theoretical理論的 calculation計(jì)算tangent相切 adjacent相鄰的Ftransmit rotary motion from one shaft to anotherFis virtually a wheel with accurately shaped teethused in

45、parallel shaftspur gear 直齒圓柱齒輪直齒圓柱齒輪:simplest,least expensive,moderate speedherringbone gear人字齒輪人字齒輪Between two intersecting shaftsbevel gear 斜齒輪斜齒輪another:rack-and-pinion drivesmesh with teeth of another gearprovidingpositive-motiondrivespeed ratio-the numbers of teethtypesnspur gear機(jī) 直齒輪；機(jī) 正齒齒輪；機(jī)

46、正齒輪；直齒齒輪nThat should spur the market further.此舉將進(jìn)一步刺激市場(chǎng)nn. 鼓舞，刺激；馬刺；山坡 nvi. 騎馬疾馳；給予刺激 nvt. 激勵(lì)，鞭策；給裝踢馬刺moderatenadj. 穩(wěn)健的，溫和的；適度的，中等的；有節(jié)制的 nvi. 變緩和，變?nèi)?nvt. 節(jié)制；減輕nmating part接合部件配合件nmating gear配對(duì)齒輪；相嚙合的齒輪；嚙合齒輪nMating Constraint配對(duì)約束pitch circle 節(jié)圓（節(jié)圓（sometime分度圓）分度圓）addendum circle齒頂圓齒頂圓dedendum/root ci

47、rcle 齒齒根高根高/齒根圓齒根圓clearance間隙，間隙配合間隙，間隙配合Fworm gear pairs 蝸輪副Worm gear pairs transmit motion between two shafts.The shafts are usually at right angles to each other but do not lie in the same plane.The teeth on the worm slide against the teeth of the worm wheel,producing a rolling action.The worm tu

48、rns the worm wheel.Fig.2-11 shown a worm gear pairs.Fworm蝸桿The worm is the member having the screwlike thread, and worm teeth are frequently spoken of as threads.Worms which are commonly used have 1 to 8 teeth.There is no definite relation between the desired of teeth and the pitch diameter of a wor

49、m.Threads of worm may be made with either right-hand or left-hand threads,depending upon the desired direction of rotation of the worm gear pairs. definite adj. 一定的；確切的 ndefinite value 定值nI want an appointment for a definite time and place.我要一個(gè)有確定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的約會(huì)。nenveloping: 包絡(luò)包封遮蓋nTremendous uncertainty

50、is enveloping the whole world.巨大的不確定性籠罩著全球。nSuitable for car painting enveloping or any important enveloping.適用于汽車(chē)噴漆遮蓋、任何有高溫要求的重要遮蓋。nA 23-inch LCD monitor, enhanced by enveloping surround sound, is yours to enjoy.23英吋的液晶銀幕與環(huán)繞音效，由您獨(dú)享。straight worm直齒蝸輪副直齒蝸輪副enveloping worm包絡(luò)線蝸輪副包絡(luò)線蝸輪副Fworm wheel蝸輪Worm

51、 wheel are similar to bevel gears and are generally used to connect skew shafts (generally at right angles) transmitting high velocity retios.The worm wheel give line contact between mating teeth unlike a point contact in the case of bevel gears,This improves the load carrying capacity of the gear t

52、rain. The load carrying capacity can further be improved by using an enveloping worm,as shown in Fig.2-11b,instead of a straight worm shown in Fig.2-11a.The worm as shown in the figure resembles a multiple-threaded screw driving the worm wheel,which has concave teeth.nSkew n. 斜交；歪斜 nadj. 斜交的；歪斜的Fwor

53、m gear pairs 蝸輪副transmit motion between two shaftsat right angles to each other but not lying in the same planeFworm蝸桿having the screwlike threadright-hand or left-hand threadsFworm wheel蝸輪similar to bevel gearsconnecting skew shaft(generally at right angles)transmitting high velocity ratiosline con

54、tact between mating teeth(not point contact)improve the load carrying capacity 剛性的分離的動(dòng)力軸緊急情況誤差，不對(duì)齊直角Fcoupling聯(lián)軸器A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts.In machine construction,couplings are used to effect a semi-permanent connection between adjacent rotating shafts.The conn

55、ection is permanent in the sense that it is not meant to be broken during the useful life of the machine,but it can be broken and restored in an emergency or when worn parts are replaced.There are several types of shaft coupling;their characteristics depend on the purpose for which they are used.If

56、an exceptionally long shaft is required for a line shaft in the manufacturing plant or a propeller shaft on ship,it is made in sections that are coupled together with rigid couplings.Fcoupling聯(lián)軸器In connecting shafts belonging to separate devices(such as an electrical motor and gearbox),precise aligning of the shafts is difficult and a flexible coupling is used.This coupling connects the shafts in such a way as to minimize the har