高考英語閱讀理解應(yīng)試策略O(shè)n Reading

1、編輯ppt編輯pptSome books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested F. Bacon 編輯ppt 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章。中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能：考生應(yīng)能：理解主旨要義理解主旨要義理解文中具體信息理解文中具體信息根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義作出簡單判斷和

2、理解作出簡單判斷和理解理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度 7 7年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求On ReadingOn Reading編輯pptOn ReadingOn Reading1. The word “.” refers to/probably means2. The underlined word “”could best be replaced by3. By saying “”,we mean4. “”,as used in the passage can best be defined as 5. The

3、underlined phrase “”is closet in meaning to.?命命 題題 方方 式式詞詞 義義 猜猜 測測 型型編輯ppt生活生活常識常識上下文上下文對比對比轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折因果因果關(guān)系關(guān)系同位同位關(guān)系關(guān)系同義詞同義詞反義詞反義詞構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法定義定義猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?How to guess the meaning of words?On ReadingOn Reading詞詞 義義 猜猜 測測 型型編輯ppt事事 實實 細(xì)細(xì) 節(jié)節(jié) 型型 提問的特殊疑問詞常有：提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, w

4、here, how, why, etc.解題原則解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是文章中心是論點論點，事實細(xì)節(jié)是，事實細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)論據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可節(jié)及事實進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中在文章中找到答案。找到答案。On ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt1 Which of the following statement is true?2

5、Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3 The author ( or the passage) states that_.4 According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.) _?命命 題題 方方 式式事事 實實 細(xì)細(xì) 節(jié)節(jié) 型型 On ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt Paani Laupepa , a Tuvaluan government official , reported to the Earth Pol

6、icy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years .Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.According to scientists ,theAccording to scientists ,the DIRECTDIRECT c

7、ause of more and fiercer cause of more and fiercer storms isstorms is . .A. greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsB. higher surface water temperatures of the sea C. continuous global warmingD. rising sea levelsconnecttoExerciseOn ReadingOn Reading編輯pptLaupepa was not satisfied with the U

8、nited States because it did Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not not . .A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B. sign an agreementsign an agreement with TuvaluC. allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real Laupepa express

9、ed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away

10、the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.signanagreementExerciseOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt主旨大意型主旨大意型標(biāo)題標(biāo)題 （TitleTitle）中心大意中心大意 (Main Idea)(Main Idea)寫作目的寫作目的 （purposepurpose）常見問題形式有：常見問題形式有：The subject/topic of the article is The subject/topic of the article

11、is Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?What does the passage/author mainly discuss?What does the passage/author mainly discuss?Whats the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?Whats the mai

12、n point/main idea/central thought of the passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage?On ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt標(biāo)題的特點標(biāo)題的特點1 1、獨特新穎、獨特新穎2 2、涵蓋性強(qiáng)、涵蓋性強(qiáng)3 3、短小精煉、短小精煉What is the best title for this passage?What is the best title fo

13、r this passage?The best headline for this newspaper article is -The best headline for this newspaper article is -尋找尋找主題句主題句或或主題段落主題段落沒有主題句的要從全文大意來概括沒有主題句的要從全文大意來概括. .解題技巧：解題技巧：常見問題形式有：常見問題形式有：On ReadingOn ReadingTitleTitle編輯pptOn ReadingOn Reading1、主題句出現(xiàn)在開頭。、主題句出現(xiàn)在開頭。模式：總模式：總 分分 分分（演繹法）即開門見山。（演繹法）即開

14、門見山。 新聞報道、說明文、議論文常用此方式新聞報道、說明文、議論文常用此方式。Passage 1The best title for this text would be A. Pets Help Attract CustomersB.Your Favorite Office PetsC. Pets Join the Workforce D. Busy Life for PetsPassage 2 Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work, a move scientists say can be good f

15、or productivity,workplace morale，and the well-being of animals.What would be the best title for the text?A. A Cross-country Trip B. A Special Border PassC. An Unguarded Border D. An Expensive Church VisitMontreal(Reuters)-Crossing the US-Canada border The expensive trip to church was a surprise for

16、Richard Albert CD編輯ppt、主題句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。、主題句出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。模式：分模式：分 分分 總總（歸納法）即先擺事實，后作結(jié)論。（歸納法）即先擺事實，后作結(jié)論。Passage 3What would be the best title for the text?C.Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the

17、 earths space. The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells “moon people” would agree. Would you?D導(dǎo)引擺事實結(jié)論導(dǎo)引擺事實結(jié)論On ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt3、主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。、主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。模式：分模式：分 總總 分分（即通過導(dǎo)引部分引出主題再進(jìn)行（即通過導(dǎo)引部分引出主題再進(jìn)行 論述）。論述）。Passage 4What would be the best title for this p

18、assage ?Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer is a bad habitDr.Derek Raghavan advises people to stop smokingWhy did Peter Jennings die of Lung cancer? Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America according to the American Cancer Society. About 160,440 Americans die each year from lung cancer,ac

19、counting for 28 percent of all cancer deaths. More than 87 percent of lungcancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.AOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt4、無主題句。、無主題句。題目要從整體文章中概括。要特別留意文章的事實和線索。題目要從整體文章中概括。要特別留意文章的事實和線索。Passage 5Which of the following would be the title for the text

20、?A. Childhood Dream B. A Mothers Love C. A Graduation Party D. A Special BirthdayFacts: my 12th birthday my graduation dance feel loved like the gardenia mothers deathBClue: loveOn ReadingOn Reading編輯pptTypes Of Paragraph StructuresTypes Of Paragraph StructuresTypeThe position of the topicInformatio

21、n wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso, therefore,On ReadingOn Reading編輯pptMain IdeaMain Idea干擾項干擾項 屬文中某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)；屬文中某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)；屬從文中某些屬從文中某些 ( (不完全的不完全的) ) 事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論；事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論；屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。正確答案正確答案根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不

22、能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。On ReadingOn Reading編輯pptD e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage IdeaOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt1、 文章目的文章目的：跟文章中心歸納一致。：跟文章中心歸納一致。常用表達(dá)的句式：常用表達(dá)的句式：What is the purpose of this article?2、作者的寫作目的作者的寫作目的：是作者寫這篇文章：是作者寫這篇文章 的言外之意。的言外之意。常用的表達(dá)句式：常用的表達(dá)句式： Whats the authors purpose of

23、writing this article? The author writes this passage in order toPurposePurposeOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt推理判斷型推理判斷型考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。以以原文內(nèi)容原文內(nèi)容為前提，為前提，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。小技巧：小技巧：不選擇照抄原文的選項不選擇照抄原文的選項不選事實細(xì)節(jié)選項不選事實細(xì)節(jié)選項不選非事實選項不選非事實選項選概括性選概括性/哲理性的選項哲理性的選項On ReadingOn

24、Reading編輯pptThe passage implies (暗示暗示) that_. We can conclude from the passage that_.Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)?What is the tone (語氣語氣) of the author ?What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?The passage is intended to _.命命 題題 方方 式式推理判斷型推理判斷型編輯ppt1. The writer talked about the w

25、aitress age because he thought_. she was young it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be fri

26、endly with him D. she loved him very muchOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt作者態(tài)度、傾向作者態(tài)度、傾向作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不決，作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不決，對記敘文或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨等。對記敘文或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨等。常用的表達(dá)句式常用的表達(dá)句式：The authors attitude towards is Example Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news? All I re

27、ad about is murder, bribery(行賄行賄), and death.Frankly, I am sick of all this bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to AOn ReadingOn Reading編輯pptTipsTips表示貶義：表示貶義：disgust, critical, negative, disappointment表示褒義表示褒義: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm

28、, admiring表示中立表示中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, neutral, humor, disinterestedOn ReadingOn Reading編輯pptThe author appears _ modern advertising. to like B. to be indifferent to A.C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course

29、, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night. On ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt Review the exercises Learn

30、 the methods by heart Learn to apply them skillfullyHomeworkHomework編輯pptThank you!Thank you!編輯ppt理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：說明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ExampleComparisonClassificationConclusionOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu) (Argumentation)Top

31、ic(Opinion)Arguments(Supporting sentences)factsexamplestheoryConclusionOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（記敘文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（Narrative writings) Story PresentationTime cluesInverted time cluesEnding(surprising/humourous way)(account)On ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt夾敘夾議文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：夾敘夾議文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Story presentationConclusiono

32、pinionadvicesignificanceOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt對文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解的考查方式：對文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解的考查方式：問結(jié)構(gòu)問結(jié)構(gòu)How is the text organized? 05浙江浙江52題題a. TopicArgumentExplanationb. OpinionDiscussionDescriptionc. Main ideacomparisonsupporting examplesd. Introductionsupporting examples-conclusionOn ReadingOn Reading編輯ppt Using wo

33、rd formation （構(gòu)詞法）（構(gòu)詞法）ApproachApproach IntroductionIntroduction編輯ppt With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)編輯pptunconditional:無條件的無條件的, ,絕對的絕對的 adj.adj.condition c

34、onditional 情況，條件情況，條件 n. n. 有條件的有條件的 adj.adj.unconditional:編輯pptnonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的沒有判斷力的judge judgment judgmental判斷判斷 v.判斷判斷 n.adj.nonjudgmental:編輯ppt er or ian ist eseess 后綴后綴, ,構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞menttionnesssionerying 后綴后綴, ,構(gòu)成抽象名詞構(gòu)成抽象名詞編輯pptdisinmisunnon否定否定前綴前綴recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它其它前

35、綴前綴重復(fù)共同,平等小過度超出-后副的使-可能遠(yuǎn)程,電話的-前編輯pptalbleernfulishivelessylyous形容詞后綴形容詞后綴enizeify動詞后綴動詞后綴strengthenrealizesatisfy編輯ppt Using context clues （利用上下文線索）（利用上下文線索）Approach introductionApproach introduction編輯pptSynonymSynonym 2.Doctors believe that smoking is 2.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimentalde

36、trimental to to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful.有害的有害的 alsoalso1.The new tax law1.The new tax law supersedes,supersedes, or replaces, the law or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.that was in effect last year.Tip 1

37、Tip 1取代取代With the help of words like: or, like, asas, the same as or, like, asas, the same as編輯pptContrastContrast1. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homelyhomely “homely” means “ ”.uglyWith the help of words like: unlike; but, however, while, instead, on the other hand

38、, rather than, unlike; but, however, while, instead, on the other hand, rather than, yet, otherwise, on the contrary.yet, otherwise, on the contrary.UnlikeUnlike handsomehandsomeTip 2Tip 22. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissentdissent, write “No”.3. Inmanynationstherearetwofinancial extremes, f

39、rom penurypenury togreatwealth不同意不同意非常貧窮非常貧窮編輯pptDefinition, ExplanationDefinition, Explanation 通過通過定義定義, ,定語從句定語從句, ,同位語同位語, ,標(biāo)點符號標(biāo)點符號（冒號；破折號；括號）, ,詞或詞組詞或詞組(that is; or; namely ; in other words ; to put it another way; such as ; like; for instance)來確定詞義來確定詞義Tip 3Tip 31.It will be very hard but also

40、 very brittlebrittle - that is , it will break easily. 2. The herdsmanherdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3.We are on the night shiftnight shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.易碎的易碎的牧人牧人夜班夜班編輯pptCause & EffectCause & EffectWith the help of conjunctions like: b

41、ecause, asbecause, as，sincesince，forfor，so so，thusthus，as a resultas a result，thereforetherefore，so thatso that， thus, etc.thus, etc.Tip 4Tip 4- since you are my superior（上級）（上級）, it would be presumptuouspresumptuous of me to tell you what to do . （2005年上海卷）年上海卷） Afull of respect Btoo confident and

42、rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet sincesuperior編輯pptCommon SenseCommon Sense技巧技巧 6 62. The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporatesevaporates， forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward “evaporates” means “_”turns into vapour 蒸發(fā) 1. Metal expandsexp

43、ands when heated and contractscontracts when cooled.變大，擴(kuò)大變大，擴(kuò)大縮小，縮短縮小，縮短編輯ppt1. All his attempts to unlock the door was 1. All his attempts to unlock the door was futilefutile, because , because he was using the wrong key.he was using the wrong key. A. A. 成功的成功的 B. B. 徒勞的徒勞的 C.C.有效的有效的 D. D. 匆促的匆促的2

44、. She didnt hear what you said because she was 2. She didnt hear what you said because she was completelycompletely engrossedengrossed in her readingin her reading. A. A. 心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.B.緊張的緊張的 C. C. 全神貫注的全神貫注的 D.D.睡意濃的睡意濃的3. He is a3. He is a resoluteresolute man. Once he makes up his mind to man. O

45、nce he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway.do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever A. strong B. firm C. kind D. cleverConsolidationConsolidation編輯ppt4. The flowers in the vase4. The flowers in the vase witheredwithered because they had

46、no because they had no water.water. A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dryA. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry5. Just for fun, they decided to try a very5. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitouscircuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.country road inste

47、ad of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight A. direct B. indirect C. straight6. That museum is so6. That museum is so immenseimmense that it will be impossible to that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.see all the exhibits in one day. A. small B. large C.

48、dull A. small B. large C. dullConsolidationConsolidation編輯ppt If you are a recent social graduate who has had to listen about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information

49、Age” demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.Q: By saying that “You may have had the last laugh,” the author means that you may have _. A. shared the jokes with computer majors B. earned as much as computer majors C. found jobs more easily than computer majors. D. stop

50、ped joking about computer majorsadvantages編輯ppt Gossip is a way for people to let you know the limits of social behavior. “If you move into a community and your neighbor tells you how the former homeowner never dealt with his rubbish properly , his gossip is letting you in on something,”says Dr. Ral

51、ph Rosnow of Temple University. A. allowing you to come in for something B. informing you something in a certain field C. telling you to do cleaning first before moving in D. warning you to pay attention to your behavior編輯ppt Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to l

52、eave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. 編輯ppt Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the U