最新中考賓語(yǔ)從句詳解和練習(xí)題

1、學(xué)習(xí)-好資料更多精品文檔賓語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句的定義：I know who heis .主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 連詞從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)主句賓語(yǔ)從句Do you have the time?賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。Iknowhim.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ):位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或者介詞后:I think (that) she is beautiful.I know him.Why don ' t you pay attention to me?賓語(yǔ)從句的概念： 從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞、形容詞之后。We know Mr

2、 Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、賓語(yǔ)從句分類：根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞，賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類：1 .由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。That只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn' t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.that的省略:e.g. I guess (that

3、) somebody else has borrowed it.注意：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓迨叢包時(shí)二一網(wǎng)以省瞳第二個(gè)that,其他丕熊省臉?一eg. I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will get better .2 .由連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which 和連接副詞 when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting f

4、oe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don ' t know why the train is late.3 .由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。if/ whether "是否"，說(shuō)明對(duì)陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。 常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me表示疑問(wèn)不確定意義的詞之后；從句句意完整，不缺成分。I want to know if (whether) he will go to t

5、he park with us .Ask him whether (if) he can come . I wonder whethe門t is going to rain or not.Could you tell me whether(if) Mr Li lives here ?只用whether的情況：1 .在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)：主語(yǔ)從句 :Whether it is true remains a question. Whether he is right or wrong is a question.表語(yǔ)從句：The question is whether it

6、is true.(為了強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)部分，也可把從句提在主句前。Whether he will come I am not sure.)The question whether he will accept it confuses us.2 .用在動(dòng)詞不定式之前時(shí) (whether to do sth.):They asked me whether to go skating. I don ' t know whether to go there at once.3 .當(dāng)與 or not連用，或 or 提出兩種選擇時(shí) :I don' t know whether he ' s

7、 free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether you ' d like to go shopping or tidy the room.4 .在介，或discuss后面：I' m thinking of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop. 注意：只能用if不能用 whether的情況1 .弓 I 導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句If he runs fast, he&

8、#39; ll get there on time. I' ll go to see you if I have time.2 .弓 I導(dǎo)否定的賓語(yǔ)從句Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.if / whether用法巧記：兩個(gè)"是否"并不難，一般情況可代換。下列情況用whether,主表不定式or (not)。作為討論介詞賓，此日if不可跟。還有一點(diǎn)也得編，whether從句可提前。引導(dǎo)條件表"如果"，再也不可用whethero賓語(yǔ)從句若否定，whether一詞不可用。練習(xí)：選擇 if / whe

9、ther o1. I asked her she had a bike.2. We' re worried about he is safe.3. I wonder he is well.4. I don ' t know or not he is well.5. I don ' t know to go.三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序：主句 +連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分；即：助動(dòng)詞不能放在主語(yǔ)前面。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I coul

10、d help him.注：當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變：What' s wrong?What' s the matter? What' s happening? Who is over there?I don' t know what ' s the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?注意：否定前移若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, guess, imagine , suppose,believe等其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定

11、意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式；其反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)從句。主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等時(shí)，從句中的否定習(xí)慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如：我認(rèn)為雞不會(huì)游泳。誤：I think Tom can not swim. 正：I don' t think Tom can swim.此外，上述情況在變成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句要看從句，如果主句的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，則附加疑問(wèn)句要看主句。試比較：I think he is wrong, isn' t he?He thinks he is right, doesn' t he?(1

12、) . I don 'think he is right,?A.isn ' t he B.is heC.do ID.don' t I(2) . He believes she is right,?A.doesn't heB.does he C.is she D.isn ' t she否定前移及反意疑問(wèn)句形式巧記法：我認(rèn)為猜想有假不可信，提問(wèn)賓從構(gòu)反問(wèn)。從句若表否定意，否定詞語(yǔ)要前移。I don't think this dress fits you well, does it?我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿，是嗎？I don't believe

13、 you will finish the work today , will you?我認(rèn)為你今天無(wú)法完成工作，是嗎?四、時(shí)態(tài)1 .主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago .I have heard that he will come tomorrow .2 .如果主句是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí))I knew who lived there. I saw she

14、 was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back the next day.He said that he had seen the movie .3 .從句說(shuō)明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun. Mr. Li to

15、ld me the sun rises in the east.練習(xí)：1. The radio says it cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything well.(go)3. I hear they (return) it already.4. He said that they members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun in the east. (rise)賓語(yǔ)從句巧記法：賓語(yǔ)從句要注意，時(shí)態(tài)引導(dǎo)詞和語(yǔ)序。1

16、.時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題看主句，現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)可隨意。過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)用過(guò)去，客觀情況要注意，主過(guò)從現(xiàn)要切記。2 .引導(dǎo)詞問(wèn)題引導(dǎo)詞，并不難，主句含義最關(guān)鍵。主表肯定意完整，that常用也可省。主表疑問(wèn)不確定，另類詞，要使用。從句句意若完整，if/whether不可省。從句若是缺成分，特殊(疑)問(wèn)詞來(lái)過(guò)問(wèn)。3 .語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題還有一項(xiàng)是語(yǔ)序，陳述語(yǔ)序要切記。如何對(duì)它來(lái)判斷，助動(dòng)莫放主語(yǔ)前重點(diǎn)：1 .從句中的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序；Do you know how old is she?(應(yīng)改為：how old she is)2 .從句中的時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)前后呼應(yīng)。She didn' t tell me when she w

17、ill come.(應(yīng)改為： when she would come)3 .轉(zhuǎn)換：由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可用疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞+動(dòng)詞不定式替 代，進(jìn)行句型上的轉(zhuǎn)換。I' ve no idea what we ' re going to do next. = I ' ve no idea what to do next.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?難點(diǎn)：1.賓語(yǔ)從句中的It可運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)

18、it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I feel it a pity that I haven ' t been to the get-together.我沒(méi)去聚會(huì)，感覺(jué)非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. I think it no use crying.有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要

19、在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加itI hate it when they are with their mouths full of food.Please see to it that the door is closed Don't take it for granted that we help you.I would appreciate it if you could help me.(1) .I find important that we practice English every day.A. itB. thisC. thatD. what(2) . You can ' t

20、 imagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited2.賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬1) suggest,order,insist, propose,賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣，sb. (should )do.He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.The teacher suggested th

21、at we (should) clean the blackboard after class.He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.3.wish接虛擬I wish I were you. I wish I hadn't known you. I wish I could go abroad one day.3)在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ." 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)

22、詞用：(should) +動(dòng)詞原形，如：It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我們有必要出去散散步。It's natural that she should do so.她這樣做是很自然的。It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。鞏固練習(xí)：()1. Could you show me?A. how can I get to the stationB. where is the stationC. how I c

23、ould get to the stationD. how I can reach the station()2. Please tell me.A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like ()3. My sister told him.A. what day was itB. when the train arrivedC. who she was waitingD. where did you live()4. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go

24、and see.A. who is he B. who he isC. who is itD. who it is()5. Could you tell me how long?A. you have bought the watchB. you have kept this science bookC. have you been away from ChinaD. have you been a member of Greener China()6. He says that if it tomorrow , he fishing .A.will rain, won't go B.

25、rained, wasn't go C.rains, won't go D.rain, will go()7.The young man asked it's summer or winter.A. ifB. thatC. weatherD. whether()8. We don't know they did it .A. howB. whoC. whatD. which()9. The teacher asks us Jim can come back on time tomorrow .A. thatB. ifC. whenD. what time()10

26、. Does anybody know we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that()11.- Be careful! Don ' t break the bottles. Do you hear I said? David? - Yes, MumA. whatB. thatC. whyD. If()12.The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. whichB. whereC. ifD. That( )13.There is not much difference between the two. I really don ' t kno