初中英語音標(biāo)教學(xué)

1、初中英語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)練習(xí) 人首（20 個(gè)）12個(gè)i：ie?a :?:?u:u?:?雙向8個(gè)ei?uaiau?ii?u?輔首（28 個(gè)）清輔 音（11個(gè)）ptkfs8?t?trtsh濁輔 音（17個(gè)）bdgvze?d ?drdzlmn?jwr兀日日素/I/【衣急促地發(fā)聲】/e/【哎發(fā)這個(gè)音的時(shí)候不要把“哎”的/?/【哎發(fā)這個(gè)音的時(shí)候不要把“哎”的/?:/【額發(fā)長音/?/【額發(fā)短音】/i:/ 【衣 發(fā)長點(diǎn)】i給讀出來，嘴唇放松自然地讀】 i給讀出來，嘴唇扁平地發(fā)】/ A /【阿/a:/【啊/?/【哦/?:/【哦/u/【烏【有點(diǎn)像摩托車啟動(dòng)的聲音，“嗚嗚嗚”地，但是是像發(fā)“嘴巴微微地張開發(fā)出這個(gè)音就

2、可以了】嘴巴長到最大】急促】聲音拖長】急促】/u:/ 【烏 聲音拖長】/eI/【有點(diǎn)像答應(yīng)人的“談”的聲音】/aI/【唉】/?I/【哦喂連著讀】/ ?u/【嘔】/au/【傲】/I ?/【衣餓連著讀】/ £ ?/ 【哎餓連著讀】/u?/【烏餓連著讀】/p/【普不要把口給發(fā)出來，輕音/b/【不不要把自給發(fā)出來，濁音】/t/【特不要把6給發(fā)出來，輕音/d/【得不要把6給發(fā)出來，濁音】/k/【克不要把6給發(fā)出來，輕音/g/【各不要把6給發(fā)出來，濁音】/f/【福不要把口給發(fā)出來，輔音音素:/v/U給發(fā)出來，濁音】/s/ 【絲像蛇吐芯子發(fā)出的那種聲音，不要把 i給讀出來，輕音】/z/ 【就是/s

3、/的濁音】/ 0 /【牙齒咬住舌頭的輕音】/ 8 / / 3 /h/Irl/t /Id 3 IItr/dr/ts/dz/m/n/?/l/w/【牙齒咬住舌頭的濁音】【西【衣 【喝 【若【七【姬 【缺 【撅 【次 【自不要把i給發(fā)出來，輕音】 不要把i給發(fā)出來，濁音】不要把e給發(fā)出來，輕音】不要把u 6給發(fā)出來，濁音】 不要把i給發(fā)出來，輕音】不要把i給發(fā)出來，濁音】不要把不要把不要把不要把ue給發(fā)出來，輕音】ue給發(fā)出來，濁音】i給發(fā)出來，輕音】i給發(fā)出來，濁音】【嘴巴閉住，然后發(fā)音，氣流從鼻子出來，濁音】【嘴巴微張，舌尖頂住上顆，氣流從鼻子出來而不是從嘴巴出來，濁音】【嘴巴長大，舌頭向下彎曲，

4、氣流從鼻子出來而不是從嘴巴出來，濁音】【有兩個(gè)讀音。一是放在音標(biāo)結(jié)尾發(fā)嘔，濁音；而是放在音標(biāo)中發(fā)了，濁音】【我 不要把6給發(fā)出來，濁音】/j/ 【呀 不要把弓給發(fā)出來，濁音】/i:/ bee/bi:/ key/ki:/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/?/ fat/f?t/ cat/k?t/ /a:/laugh/la:f/ half/ha:f/ / ?: / horse/h?: s/ saw/S?: / ? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ /u:/ food/fu:d/ loose/lu:s/ /u/book/buk/ good/

5、gud/ ? / must/m?st/ does/c?z/ money/m?ni/ ugly/ ?gli/ come/k?m/?：/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/ed ?/?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?u

6、z/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ? baut/ south/s au 0/ house/h aus/ ?i / boy/b?i/ toy/t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/ coin/k?in/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/aidi?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/sp?/ £ / air/ £ / te

7、ar/te / care/ke / dare/de / fair/f e/ there/e £ /u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/（停泊）your/ju?/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/be /t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ fee

8、d/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl ?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/Wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/ feiv?rit/v/ very/ veri/ five/faiv/ fever/ fi:v ?/ serve/S?:v/ never/ nev?/thought/8 ?

9、t/ /I bath/ba: 8/（v 洗澡）thick/Oik/ mouth/mau 0/ breath/bre 叭n 呼吸）author/ ? 0?/ truth/tru: 0/ /e/ the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/ m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/ /s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/s?ps/z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /1

10、?/ catch/k?t7 cheepA?i:p/ rich/rit?/ watch/wt?/ child/t?aild/ question/kwest?n/teach/ti:t?/ challenge/t?lind?/d?/ orange/?rid?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d?b/tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/h?ndrid/7 she/?

11、i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi ?/ shock/?k/ shoe/?u:/ ?/pleasure/ple?7 measure/me?/ television/telivi ?n/ts/ let s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/l/like/la

12、ik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ ? / sing/si?/ wing/wi ?/ ring/ri?/ long/l?/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/

13、 excuse/ik skju:z/w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r?/ problem/pr?bl?m/音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1 ./i:/ /i/ /e/ /?/bit/wi:k/di:l/ri?l/kid/dig/kwik/tip/zip/rid/wil/fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet/p?k/g?p/k?g/n?g/r?m/b?tl/sed/

14、 h?pi/ten/red/petpack gapcap nagrambattlesaidhappytenred/ Setl/ /tr? ?/ /di pend/settle trash depend2 ./a:/ / ?:/ /? / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ma:sk/pa:st/fra:ns/?d/ /l?:n/ /n?:t/p?:z/f?ks/s?k/askmask pastFranceodd lawn naughtpausefoxsock/fa:/la:d?/ /ma:k/l?:d/t?:/st?:m/p?t/kr?p/ /9 1/pr?mis/farlarge markLordt

15、orchstormpotcrop thoughtpromise/huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ 0ru:/pul/ /wud/hook loose soot took mood through pull wood3 ./?/ /?/ /?/b?z/ /d?l/h?ri/g?lf/tr?bl/?:n/s?:f/t?:n?/beg?/t?k/buss dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b/?:k/? merik / 's?k?/ k? mp?/s? Vei/p? Veid/p? h? ps/curbi

16、rkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b2i lesk/m?:d?/burlesque murder 3./ei/ /?u/ /ai/ /au/ /?i/keip/_/greit/_/mein/pr?p?u z/m?u ?2n/st?un/?uv?/sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/daut/taipist/aust/m?ist/'?ist?/rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster4 ./i?/ /?/ /u?/vi?/ /?

17、f?/ /d?/ /sk?/ /bu?n/ /gu?d/'ru?r?l/ /? pi?/ /k?l?mbi?/veer affairdare scare bourn gourdrural appear Colombia/m?ti?ri?l/ /misti?ri?s/material mysterious5 ./ N /e/m?n 0/ 0i:f/ /e? t/ /e? n/ /fei 0/ /t? gee?/ / 0 ?k/ /e?m selvz /month thief that than faith together thank themselves所謂濁音，就是聲帶要振動(dòng)的音；輕

18、音就是發(fā)出了但聲帶卻不振動(dòng)的音 所有的元音都是濁音，聲帶都要振動(dòng)。1 .關(guān)于語音的幾個(gè)概念1)字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音標(biāo)：詞的語音形式。3)音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。4)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand5)元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。6)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。7)開音節(jié)： a)輔音+元音+輔音+e

19、name bike ;b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi8)閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+輔音it9)重讀音節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。2 .元音：(注意：下面空方括號(hào)是電腦無法輸入的音標(biāo))1)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling2)i sit, build, miss, myth3)e bed, desk, head,4)? bad, land, bank, stamp5)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt6) ? hot, want7) ?: door, m

20、ore, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught8)u: good, who, blue, soup,9)u look, put, women, could10) A cup, come, blood, rough11)?: girl, work, serve, nurse12) ? cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday13)ei cake, they, play, eight, great,14)ai bike, die, neither, light

21、, try, find, height, eye15)?u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow16)au house, town17)?i boy, oil18)i ? dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,19) e ? pear, care, there, fair20)u ? tour, poor,3 .容易混淆的元音1)e ? bed bad； men, man; pen, pan; lend land2)i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid3)e ai bet bite

22、; red write; said side, head, hide4)au ?: house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause5)au A found fond; gown gone; down don4 .輔音1)p pen,2)b bed, comb3)t tell,4)d, day, played, wanted5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box6)g big, go, guess, language7)m man8)n nine,

23、 knife, autumn9) r bank, uncle, English, sing,10)l land, world11)r read, write,12)f five, cough, laugh13)v voice, of14) 0 think,15) e this, bathe16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf17)z zoo, close,18) / sure, she, social, nation19)/ pleasure,20)h hot, who, hour21)w wall, what, answer22)j yes23)t / c

24、hild, teach, catch24)d/ joke, bridge,25)ts boats26)dz goods27)tr tree28)dr dream5 .容易混淆的輔音1)v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well2)s 0 sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math3)z e closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4)n r thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang6 .讀音規(guī)

25、則1)重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)2）非重讀音節(jié)? banana, student, today, after,i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday7 .特殊讀音1）音的連讀：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all2）失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3）音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?8 .重首1）單詞重

26、音A）雙音節(jié)詞a）一般在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorryb）有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞， 第 二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,im'p

27、ress, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'latec）有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān)，一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'

28、sent; 'content, con'tentd）有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-,等的詞，有兩個(gè)重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fifteen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'warB）多音節(jié)詞a）一般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'

29、conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b）有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,c）詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, iv

30、e 后綴的詞， 重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,sufficient, i'dentify, trans'lation,re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tectived）詞尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain, emp

31、lo'yee,mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette2）句子重音A）英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B）英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。C）實(shí)詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀（冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be.D）實(shí)詞不重讀的特殊情況a）實(shí)詞第二次出現(xiàn)He thinks of that as a child thinks.b） 一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾I met her in

32、 the railway station.c）代替詞Which book do you want? The small one.d）感嘆詞中的 what和howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e） street在專有名詞中Wangfujing Street.f） this 在這些短語中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE）虛詞重讀的特殊情況a）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首，句尾和否定時(shí)。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can

33、you help me? Yes, I can.I don't like you. He isn't a worker.b）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時(shí)。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.c）介詞在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.d）引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I

34、9;ll tell him.e）反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。He couldn't come himself.英語發(fā)音連讀的規(guī)則連讀的條件：相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關(guān)，同屬一個(gè)意群。連讀所構(gòu)成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀，只需順其自然地一帶而過，不可讀得太重，也不可音。（連讀符號(hào)：）（1） “輔音+元音”型連讀在同一個(gè)意群里，如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音拼起來連讀。I ' manEnglish boy.Itisan01d book.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyest

35、erday.I calledyou halfanhourago.Putiton, please.Notatall.Please pickitup.（2） “r/re+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞是以-r或者-re結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭，這時(shí)的 r或re不但要發(fā)/r/,而且還要與后面的 元音拼起來連讀。They ' re my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Hereis a letter for you.Her

36、eare foureggs.But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister?但是，如果一個(gè)音節(jié)的前后都有字母r,即使后面的詞以元音開頭，也不能連讀。The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer. （nearer 與 and 不可連讀）（3） “輔音+半元音”型連讀英語語音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以半元音，特別是 /j/開頭，此時(shí)也 要連讀。Thankyou.Nice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyo

37、u likea cupof tea ?Couldyou help me, please?“音的同化”一常把 /d/+/j/讀成/dV/, did you 聽上成了 /dIdVu/ , would you 成了 /wudVu/, could you 成了 /kudVu/。(4) “元音+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞以元音開頭，這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷 地連讀到一起。Iam Chinese.Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?She can ' t

38、 carryit.It ' ll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer.(5)當(dāng)短語或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)，意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀。Isit ahat or a cat? (hat與or之間不可以連讀)Thereisa good book in my desk. (book 與 in 之間不可以連讀)Can you speakEnglish or French? ( English 與 or 之間不可以連讀)Shall we meet

39、ateight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet 與 at, eight 與 or 之間不可以連讀)She opened the door and walkedin. (door 與 and 之間不可以連讀)失去爆破6個(gè)爆破音有 3 X/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面 的音。(1) “爆破音+爆破音”型6個(gè)爆破音中的任意2個(gè)相臨時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音會(huì)失去爆破，即由相關(guān)的發(fā)音器官做好這個(gè)發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.Wd re going to wor