新概念英語第二冊第1課筆記

1、Lesson 1 A private conversationangry adj.生氣的angrily adv.生氣地attention n.注意bear v.容忍business n.事rudely adv.無禮地，粗魯?shù)囟ⅰ綨ew words and expressions生詞和短語(12) private adj.私人的 conversation n.談話 theatre n.劇場，戲院 seat n.座位 play n.戲loudly adv.大聲地1、private (1) adj.私人的 同義詞：personal private life 私生活 private school 私

2、立學校 private letter 私人信件 private conversation 私人談話private company 私人公司 private secretary 私人秘書private affairs 私事That is for your private ear.那是說給你一個人聽的秘密。It's my private letter.（如果媽媽想看你的信）It's my private house.（如果陌生人想進你的房子）-private 強調(diào)隱私-personal僅指個人的，不強調(diào)隱私，沒有秘密可言（2） adj.秘密的同義詞：secreta private/

3、secret place 個秘密的地方（3） adj.普通的private citizen 普通公民I'm a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）private soldier 大兵« Private Ryan» （拯救大兵瑞恩）（4） public adj.公眾的，公開的（private的反義詞）public school 公立學校 public letter 公開信 public place公共場所=in private=in public（不愿讓別人知道的）內(nèi)容可正式可不正式，也可以私人。Let's have a talk

4、。閑聊，就是北京人說的“侃”，說的是無關(guān)緊要的事。對話，可以指正式國家與國家會談。China and Korea are having a dialogue。指非正式談話。一般用于正式文體中。（5） privately adv.私人、秘密 publicly adv.公開（6） privacy n.隱私It's privacy.這是我的隱私!2、conversation n.談話talkchat dialogueconversation（1） 交談gossip名詞變動詞 sayspeakspeechdiscussdiscussionThey are having a conversati

5、on。嚼舌頭，說長道短。vt.表不說的內(nèi)容表示講語言時，是及物動詞；speak English、speak Chinese表示說話、談話時，是不及物動詞n.談話，交談有著嚴肅目的的討論n.討論subject of conversation 話題t talk、conversation(2) have a < dialogue > with sb.與某人交談chat、gossip )have a talk with sb.=talk with sb.have a conversation with sb.=conversate with sb.have a chat with sb.=

6、chat with sb.talk with/to sb. 和某人談話talk about談論talk with/to sb. about sth.和某人談論某事I have a quiet consation with my closest friend.我和我最好的朋友進行密談。I saw him in conversation with a friend.我看見他在和朋友談話。No conversation while I m talking.我講話的時候不要談話。We had a long chat about old times. 我們聊了許多關(guān)于過去的事。be in convers

7、ation with sb.和在聊天表示狀態(tài)be having conversation with sb.He is nothing but a gossip.他就是個愛嚼舌頭的人。(3) converse v.談話，交談converse with sb. 和某人談話(4) have words with sb.與爭吵3、theatre= theater （美式用法）n.劇場（=play house （口語化），戲居U 類似的單詞：metre= meter （美式用法）centre = center (美式用法)theatre goer 戲迷-play goercinema n.電影院dram

8、a opera多指歌劇play看電影= go to the movies = go to the film看戲聽音樂會上學（1）地點名詞前必須加定冠詞的寸 cinemago to the J theatreconcert（2）地點名詞前通常不加定冠詞的f schoolhospital church go toprisoncollege sea town住院 作禮拜坐牢 上大學洗海澡 進城以上的名詞表示地點時前面可以加the,意為“去地方”表達某種身份時不能加(He is in prison.He is in the prison.-go to college go to the college

9、the。他在坐牢。他在監(jiān)獄里。上大學去大學辦事4、seat (1) n.座位take a seat/ take your seat 坐下來，就坐take q a/one's seat 請坐"have ".相關(guān)詞組：offer sb. a seat給某人讓座get a seat找個座have a good seat/ place坐的位置不錯one's指對號入座a指隨便就座這里的seat指place (指地點)，而不是chair。Is the seat taken?這個位置有人嗎？(2) seat vt.讓某人就座seat sb.讓某人就坐，后面會加人he se

10、ated me in/on a comfortable sofa.在沙發(fā)上、本子上用 on或in均可。(3)請坐的4種說法：英語最為地道的說法他讓我坐在一張舒服的沙發(fā)上。l Sit down,please.(命令性)口語化的Take your seat,please.Seat yourself,please. Be seated,please.(更禮貌)代表狀態(tài)(4)作為動詞的seat與sit的區(qū)別sit (sat, sitten) vi.就座He is sitting there.他坐在那兒。Seat yourselfosit down 坐下(5)be seated=take a seat

11、就坐有一些動詞的賓語是反身代詞時，等于它的被動語態(tài)hurt 、h hurtdressoneself =; beJdresseddevote><devotedseatseated(He devoted himself to the education.He was devoted to the education.be seated = be sitting正在坐著他把自己奉獻給教育事業(yè)。表小狀態(tài)I found him sitting in/on a comfortable sofa.(賓補)我發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在一張舒服的沙發(fā)上。seated in/on a comfortable sofa

12、.I found that hewas seated in/on a comfortable sofa. (that從句)" was sitting in/on a comfortable sofa. find -think l后接賓語補足語或從句多用賓補believeI found him listening to th music.I found her beautiful.(6) vt. 容納 相當于 hold、accommodateThe hall can seat 100 person.這個大廳可以容納100 人。5、play (1) vt.進行的活動玩運動項目時，前面不加

13、定冠詞theplay football踢足球play cards打牌play basketball打籃球play chess下棋play volleyball打羽毛球玩樂器時，前面要加定冠詞theplay the violin拉小提琴play the piano彈鋼琴play the guitar 彈吉他玩弄、擺弄fire 玩火toys玩玩具去看戲強調(diào)聲音大強調(diào)出聲，不一定是大聲不但聲音大而且嘈雜朗讀大聲笑大聲講話大聲敲打大聲按鈴大聲點揚聲器(2) vi.玩 play with play with(3) n.戲劇 g go to the theatre “j go to see a play

14、comedy喜居 1二 tragedy 悲劇 playwright n.居U作家 6、loudly adv.大聲地(1) loudadv.&adj._aloudadv.loudlyadv.(2) read aloud laugh loud talk loud knock loudly ring loudly Louder, please. loud speakerHe speaks in a loud/high voice. In a low voice In a strong voice In a weak voiceloud在使用時一般都用比較級loud adj.他大聲講話。低聲不

15、但聲音大而且有底氣聲音小且微弱7、angry adj.生氣的(1) angry =crossI was angry. /He was cross。有些鬧心生氣非常生氣臉色發(fā)青（臉色都青了，相當生氣了）annoy trouble disturb annoyed 惱火的； be blue in the face臉上突然變色I was annoyed oI was angry/cross。I was very angry。深 VI am blue in the face.(2) be angry woth sb.生某人的氣be angry at/about/over sth. 因為而生氣(3) an

16、ger n.怒氣He's full of anger.他彳艮生氣。= he is very angry.表達心中的情感通常用be full of來表達，最為地道。(4) angrily adv.生氣地=with angerHe is looking at me angrily.with anger.介詞詞組表達情感時用 with ,等于它的副詞。 difficultly = with difficultsmlingly = with a smile8、attention n.注意(U.) 詞根：attendAttention , please.請注意(口 語)pay attention

17、 注意pay attention to 對注意參加、照顧to是介詞You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention pay much attention pay more attention pay no attention pay little attention pay close attention pay enough attentionk pay some attention l Attention!Stand to attention. Stand at ease.稍加注意多加注意更多注意不用注意不太注意特別注意足

18、夠關(guān)注在思立正 口語化正式用法稍息9、bear (bore, born) v. 容忍(1) vt.承受，支撐，承擔，負擔Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost? 誰來承擔這筆費用？(2) vt.忍受(一般與表示"能夠"的字眼，如can、could、be able to連用于疑問句及否定句中)She eats too fast. I can' t bear to watch/watching her.她吃得太快。我看著受不了。How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么

19、能受得了住在這個地方？I can't bear it.生育孩子把記在心里我會把它記在心里。b bear stand 忍受，容忍 e endure put up with 、suffer(3) vt.生育be born 生于一 bear a child give birth to sb.(4) vt.懷有的情感 bear sth. in mind I ll bear it in mind.bear/stand/endure忍受的極限在加大多指承受自然、病痛等比較生硬委婉的說法記起(原來記過)記住(原來沒記過)(5)記住remember/recall/recollect-Jmemorize

20、J背誦recitelearn sth. by heart(6) bear n.熊bear hug 熱情(熱烈)的擁抱give sb. a bear hug10、business n.事，生意(1) n.生意business man 生意人do business 做生意 go on business 公出(2) n.某人自己的私人的事情t thing所有的事都可以用thing來表示matter多指麻煩事事d affair (s)指國際大事business多指商業(yè)、生意上的事、incident指特殊的一件小事，尤其指巧合的小事It's none of your business. 不關(guān)你的

21、事。(3)職業(yè)What's your job?你是做什么工作的？What do you do?J What are you?What line/business are you in?What's your occupation?11、rudely adv.無禮地，粗魯?shù)?1) rude adj.粗魯?shù)?，無禮的 同義詞：impolite 反義詞：polite be rude to sb. 對某人粗魯a rude answer 粗魯?shù)幕卮?2)表示人們的心理情感的形容詞變名詞時多用-nessrudeness n.粗魯kindnessgoodness(3) shout at cry

22、 atshout to cry tocall out topoint at sb.at表示近距離，且多含有侮辱的意思to表示遠距離，不含有侮辱成分指著某人(很不禮貌的)(4) It's +被動語態(tài)名詞 L,表語形容詞JIt's rude of sb. to do sth.+ of/for sb. that從句 +J doingto do sth.It's + adj. + for sb. 此類形容詞有：dangerous、表示這件事對某人的影響結(jié)果，人是動作的執(zhí)行者safe easy、 difficult 、 hard、 different > necssary、

23、 essential、normal > importantIt's important for you to study English.It's easy for them to help you.It's dangerous for him to walk outside.It's + adj. + of sb.表示這件事反映某人的品質(zhì)止匕類形容詞有：rude、 kind、 friendly、 polite、 nice、 cruel It's+ n. + of/for sb.常用的名詞有： a pity、a shame fun It's

24、 a pity for him to miss the class. It's n no use doing no goodIt's no use crying now.12、pay vt. &vi.支付(1) vt. &vi.支付(價款等)Have you paid the taxi-driver?You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付 30 英鎊的定金I ' ll pay by instments。I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. (pay-for sth.花/支付(

25、錢)買)(2) vt. &vi.給予(注意等)；去(訪問)They did not pay any attention 。We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday.上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。(3) n.工資，報酬I have not received my pay yet. 我還沒有領(lǐng)至U工資。二、Grammer(一)一般現(xiàn)在時1、結(jié)構(gòu)(1)主語+動詞原形(2)主語+ be動詞+非動詞2、常用的時間副詞(1)頻率副詞always、 usually、 often、 sometimes、ever、 never、seldom (=rarely)、f

26、requently(2) in the morning > at night、on Sunday、every+時間名詞(3)次數(shù)十時間段以上的詞均用 how often提問。測試答案：(1) The teacher asked us to read aloud.老師讓我們朗讀。The teacher let us read aloud.(2) He laughed at (made fun of) me in public, and I couldn 't bear him. 他在公共場 合嘲笑我，我無法忍受他。(3) It's dangerous for you to

27、play with fire in thde street.在大街上玩火是彳艮危險的。that you play with fire in the street.(4) He cried/shouted at me angrily/with anger.他生氣地向我喊叫。(5) I seated him in a comfortable place.(6) I often go tothe theatre. 我經(jīng)常去看戲。I see a play.(7) He doesn't pay any attention to may words.他根本不注意我的話。He pays on att

28、ention to may words.(8) Can the hall seat 500 people.這個大廳能容納 500 人嗎？(9) 9) By the end of last year, he had been in college for three years.至怯年年底，他已經(jīng)上大學三年了。(10) This is a private computer, you can't use it.這是一部私人電腦，你不能用它。3、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法：(11) 示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。(12) 示客觀規(guī)律或自然現(xiàn)象。The earth runs/moves/travels around

29、 the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。Light travels fast.光速很快。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。(13) 示主語的特征、身份、狀態(tài)等等。He's a teacher.They 're happy.以下動詞能表達主語的身份、狀態(tài)等：live、work、studyI live in Panjin.He studies hard.(14) 示主語的愛好、能力等。I like English.like、know、understand 永遠不會有進行時。I speak En

30、glish well. well 在這里表達能力。(15) 在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，時態(tài)為：主將從現(xiàn)表示時間狀語從句的連詞：when、as soon as after> before表示條件狀語從句的連詞：if、unless (= if not)表示讓步狀語從句的連詞：no matter how雖然但是I will run into the room as soon as it rains.從現(xiàn)if用在真實條件狀語從句中，適用于“主將從現(xiàn)”。Unless he comes, I will call him. = If he doesn't come, I will cal

31、l him.如果他不來，我將給他打電話。no matter 不管no matter+疑問詞=疑問詞+ -ever，No matter how much advice you give, he won 't follow.-J_ However much advice you give, he won 't follow.(6)表示計劃好或安排好的動作(句子中要有明確的時間狀語)常用的動詞有：begin、 leave、 start、 go、 come、 arrive> stop、 open、 shut、 return等，且主語大多都是物。The train leaves a

32、t eight. 火車 8 點鐘開。The meeting starts/begins at eight. 將在 8 點鐘召開會議。(二)現(xiàn)在進行時1、構(gòu)成主語+ be+ doing2、時間詞(1)表示時間點now = at present= at the moment = for the time being(2)表示時間段this days、this year、this month 表示這段時間一直在做一件事，但說話這一刻不一定在做。(3)前或后有祈使句，用進行時The train is coming. Hurry!(4)前面的句子有時間條件，后面的句子用進行時。it可以表達天氣、距離、時

33、間等It's 3, the students are studying in the classroom.It's fall, the leaves are falling.(5)表示發(fā)展、變化的動詞，用進行時來表達常用的動詞有：get、becomeIt's getting colder.(6) always> frequently用在現(xiàn)在時表達陳述事實，用在進行時表示報怨或贊美的語氣。-He always helps others.他總是幫助別人。: He's always helping others.They are always making no

34、ises.他們總是弄出噪音。They always make noises.(7)短暫動詞用進行時表達將來時。Come、go、die、leaveHe is dying.他快死了。When is he coming?他什么時候來？(8)以圖片為背景，介紹圖片里的情況時，用進行時。(9)可以表達說話者非常關(guān)切的口氣。How are you feeling?(三)一般將來時十一種：1、主語+be+going+to do2、主語+ will/shall+do3、短暫動詞用進行時表達將來時。4、打算性動詞用現(xiàn)在時表達將來時want、hope、mean、intend> aim、plan 后接 to

35、do,永遠沒有進行時5、主語+ be+to do6、主語+ be +about+to do7、主語+ set out/off+to do8、主語+ set about+doing9、主語+情態(tài)動詞+ do10、祈使句可代表將來時11、主語+ be+due to+do(二)將來時的時間詞1、tomorrow 類的tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、tomorrow evening、the day after tomorrow in the evening (后天晚上)2、next+時間名詞next year、the year after next3、in +時間段=i

36、n+時間段's+time2011-07-24soon= shortly = before long 不久之后in the future 遙遠的將來，未來in future很近的將來=from now on 從現(xiàn)在開始的時間after + 時間點after Mayin +時間段some dayone day有可能用將來時，也可以用過去時3、一般將來時的用法(1) 主語+ be+ going to表達個人打算主觀意圖比較強烈(2) will表達客觀或自然性Next year will be 2002.I will be 12 next year.Fish will die without

37、water.Turn right,you will see the school.There will be a class tomorrow.明天將會有一堂課。 There is going to be a class tomorrow.There be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“存在”，某處有某物Have表示“有，擁有”，主語必須為有生命的名詞。There is going to be rain tomorrow.There will be rain tomorrow.正式用法It will rain tomrrow.will含有個人的祝愿和意愿的意思，對于一件事情的可能性、遙遠的事情也用willwill含

38、有個人心甘情愿的意思shall用于陳述句時，多指法條，含有命令的意思，意為“應該" ，比should語氣更為強 烈I believe that China will be stronger and stronger.Oil and water can't mix together.won't可以表達“不能”,相當于can't.My pen won't work.我的筆壞了。表示“容量”時，可以用 will表達，相當于can.The hall will seat 100 people.(3) be to do直接表打算，表示命令或要求的口氣(4) be

39、about to do最迫在眉睫的，眼看要發(fā)生的，最緊迫的be about to do沒有特別的時間詞，后面往往接when引導的時間狀語從句He was about to die when we found him.當我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他的時候，他眼看就要死了。The train will leave at 8.火車將在 8 點鐘開。The train leaves at 8The train is leaving at 8.(5) be due to do表達有一定的時間點(6) set out/off to do著手去做set out/off單獨用時，意為"出發(fā)"四、一般過去時1

40、、結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/were+非動詞主語+動詞的過去式助動詞是didused to dowould do2、時間詞(7) yesterday last night the day before yesterday the year before lastThe day before yesterday in the evening(8) last+時間名詞(3)時間段+ago(4)明確的過去時間 long long ago=once upon a time(6) before +單詞-從句J(7) one day 天 once 曾經(jīng) the other day 幾天前 in the old d

41、ays 在過去白時光 then 那時3、一般過去時的用法(1)應用于現(xiàn)在時的時間副詞都可以用在過去時，但要有明確的過去時間(2)談到死去的人要用過去時LeiFeng was a nice comrade.(3)表示過去的一連串動作，沒說明確的時間(4)時間、讓步、條件狀語從句，也適用于“主將從現(xiàn)” ，主句是過去將來時，從句是 一般過去時。多用于間接引語。He said he would tell you when he saw you.他說他見到你就會告訴你。(5) wish、wonder、hope、think用它們做主句的頭，從句表示試探性的語氣I thought you may have

42、some advice. 我想你應該有些建議。=Can you give me someadvice?(6) when引導的從句是一般過去時，主句以過去類為主。五、過去將來時1、結(jié)構(gòu)主語 +was/were going to doWould doWas/were to doWas/were about to do過去將來時不能單獨使用，需放在各種從句中使用。He asked me if there was going to be rain tomorrow.They wondered (wanted to know ) when I could finished the task.他們想知道我

43、什么時間完成任務。六、過去進行時主語 +was/were+doing(1)用在講故事的背景It was a winter, the wind was blowing strongly/hard, the snow was falling, a little girl was walking in/on the street.(2)在過去的某一時刻at that time/moment=then 在那時At that time, he was smoking.at this time+過去時間At this time yesterday, he was sleeping.at+鐘點+過去時間At

44、 3 o 'clock yesterday, he was playing basketball.always用在過去進行進也可表達贊美或抱怨的語氣。復合句的時間狀語從句中，其中的一個句子一定是過去時，另外一個句子的動詞是延 續(xù)性動詞，則用過去進行時。When I came in, she was cooking dinner.When she was cooking dinner, I came in.(七)現(xiàn)在完成時有兩種形式：已完成式，到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)做完某事動詞都是短暫動詞He has left.未完成式，到現(xiàn)在為止，尚在發(fā)展進行當中動詞都是延續(xù)性動詞He has lived

45、here for three years.和過去時的區(qū)別He was a teacher.He has been a teacher.過去時有明確的時間完成時的時間比較模糊1、結(jié)構(gòu)主語+have/has+donehave/has 是助動詞2、時間狀語(1)時間副詞：already> still、just、 yet、ever、never、before> lately> recentlyalready在肯定句中，行前 be后He has already come.j用在疑問句句尾，表達驚訝的語氣二 Has he come already?still在肯定句和疑問句中譯為“仍然、還

46、” ，位置是行前be后It's still early.1在否定句中譯為“尚未”，位置是助動詞之前、He still hasn't come.still作為形容詞時，意為“寧靜的，寂靜的”still作為連詞用時，意為“但是，然而” ，屬委婉轉(zhuǎn)折，可以和“雖然”放在 一起。yet用在否定句或疑問句句尾 hardly ever=almost everhardly any=almost noI have hardly any money.=I have almost no money.He hardly ever goes shopping.=He almost never goes shopping.before可以用在時間段之后，也可以單獨使用。lately和recently意為"最近”，通常用在完