現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解

1、選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +have/has+過(guò)去分詞（done） 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他 否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他 一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+般疑問(wèn)句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他）二、用法，也就是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。）持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與for1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的”完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過(guò)或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.He has turned o

2、ff the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。（動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過(guò)去，但說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-I have spent all of my money.（含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了 .）Jane has laid the table.（含義是：現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.）2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的”未完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動(dòng)詞要用（+時(shí)間段），since （+時(shí)間點(diǎn)）連用.Mary has bee n ill for three days.Mary has bee n ill since three days ago.注意:1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，（

3、如表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）女口 yesterday（m orning、after noon） ,last（m orning、after noon）等， 除非與 for, since 連用.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如 already （肯定）,yet （否定，疑問(wèn)）,just, before, recently, still, latel y 等:He has already obta ined a scholarship.I have n't see n much of him recen tly （lately）.We have see n that film

4、 before.Have they found the miss ing child yet ?3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如 ever, never, twice, several times 等:Have you ever bee n to Beiji ngI have n ever heard Bunny say anything aga inst her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gen tlema n several times.4. 現(xiàn)在完

5、成時(shí)還往往 可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present（now）, so far等:Peter has writte n six papers so far.Up to the prese nt everyth ing has bee n successful.5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和 have gone to 的區(qū)另S

6、have been to強(qiáng)調(diào)去過(guò)”現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美國(guó)去過(guò)三次。（過(guò)去到美國(guó)”現(xiàn)在已不在美國(guó)”have gone to主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 去了”現(xiàn)在人不在說(shuō)話(huà)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如：-Where's your mother?-你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去醫(yī)院了。has bee n in一直在某地三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時(shí)態(tài)。涉及的考點(diǎn)有：一、考查其構(gòu)成"助動(dòng)詞have （has） +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. Kate

7、9;s n ever see n Chin ese films, ? A. has n't she B. has she C. is n't she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的縮寫(xiě)，故選 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him.（改為否定句 ）His uncleposted the photos to him.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中，故填has n't, yet。3. -An

8、n has gone to Shan ghai. -Soher pare nts. A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語(yǔ)為her parents是復(fù)數(shù)，故選D。二、考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞（一）當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -youyour homework yet?A. Do; fin ishB.

9、Are; fin ishi ngC. Did; fin ish D. Have; fini shed2. -youany where before? -Yes, but I can't remember where IA. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故1題選D, 2題選D。（二）當(dāng)句中有"for +段時(shí)間”或"sinee +點(diǎn)時(shí)間”等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，

10、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞（短語(yǔ)）。如：1. His brother has bee n to Stone Forest twicehe came to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選Co選校網(wǎng) 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)2. Tomthe CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has boug

11、ht D. has had析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不與表"段時(shí)間”的短語(yǔ)連用，故選 D。3. Ia letter from him si nee he left.A. did n't receive B. have n't got C. did n't have D. have n't heard析：據(jù) si nee 可知，應(yīng)排除 A、C， "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意為"收到某人的來(lái)信”，故選 B。三、考查 have/has be

12、en (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you everLintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. bee n in D. bee n to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項(xiàng)意為”去某地了 ”，C項(xiàng)意為"一直呆在某地”，D項(xiàng)意為"去過(guò)某地"，符合題意，故選D。2. My pare ntsShan gdo ng for ten years.A. have bee n in B. have bee n to

13、 C. have gone to D. have bee n析：本題句中有"for+段時(shí)間”結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項(xiàng)意為"去過(guò)某地”，不合題意，D項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選 A。四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.改成正確的句子 )析：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與”段時(shí)間”連用時(shí)，除了把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)或借助句型"It's + 段時(shí)間 +since+ 從句"進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Sun's aunt has been th

14、ere for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there tenyears ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句 )more tha n ten yearsSusa nto this city.析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I won't go to the con cert beca

15、use Imy ticket.A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂(lè)會(huì)的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的含意，故 選Co英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。

16、二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, le nd, happe n, jo in, I ose, ren ew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常有兩種方法：(1)用意思相

17、當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.(他參軍已有 3 年了。)不用 has joined選校網(wǎng) 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。 ）不用 has got upHas your brother bee n away from home for a long time?（離家已有好久了嗎？）不用 has left常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系：1、go

18、 be away2、come be here3、come back be back4、leavebe away(be not here)5、buyhave6、borrow keep7、diebe dead8、beginbe on9、finish be over10、openbe open11、closebe closed12、losebe lost13、get to know know14、turn on be on 15、get upbe up16、sit down sit/beseated17、join be in ()或 be a member 18、become be(2)用it is

19、since結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換瞬間動(dòng)詞例如：電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)映 5分鐘了。(兩種方法)(1) The film has been on for five minutes.(2) It ' s five minutes sCe the film began.他離開(kāi)上海已有3天了。(兩種方法)(1) He has been away from Shanghai for three days.(2) It is three days since he left Shanghai.這本書(shū)我還給圖書(shū)館已有兩周了。(一種方法)It ' s two weeks since I returned the bo

20、ok to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？(一種方法)How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用例如：I haven ' t seen you for a long time.好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你了。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe theywhat ' happened to him .A.knewB . have knownC . must knowD. will know2、He hasbeen to Sh

21、anghai, hashe?A.alreadyB . neverC . everD . still3、Have you met Mr.Li?A.justB . agoC .beforeD.a moment ago4、The famous writerone new bookin the past two year .A.iswriti ngB .was writingC .wroteD .has written5、Our countrya lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be evenA.haschanged ;wellB .changed; goodC .ha

22、schanged ;betterD .cha nged; better6、ZhaoLanalreadyin this schoolfor two years選校網(wǎng) 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)選校網(wǎng) 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)選校網(wǎng)高考頻道專(zhuān)業(yè)大全歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線(xiàn)上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片大學(xué)視頻院校庫(kù)A.was; study ingB . will; studyC .has; studiedD . are; studying7、WeXiaoLi since she was alittlegirl .A.knowB

23、 . had knownC . have knownD. knew8Harry Potter is ai very nice film. Iit twice .A.will seeB . have seenC. sawD .see9、These farmershave been to the UnitedStates .Really? Whenthere?A.will they goBdid they goC .do they goDhave they gone10、youyour homework yet ?Yes. Iit a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB

24、Have; done; finishedC .Have; done; have finishedDwill; do; finish11、His fatherthe Party since1978 .A.join edB . has joinedC . was inD. has been in12、Do you knowhim well ?Sure .Wefriends sincetenyears ago .A.wereB . have beenC. have becomeD . have made13、How long have youhere ?About two mon ths.A.bee

25、 nB . goneC . comeD . arrived14、Hurry up! Theplayfortenmi nu tes.A.has begunB .had begunC .has been onD .bega n15、Ittenyears since he left the army .A.isB . hasC . willD . was16、Miss Green isn't in the office. sheto the library.A.has goneB . wentC .will goD. has been17、My parentsShandong for ten

26、 years.A.have been inB.have been toC .have gone toD.have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A.so theyB. don' theyC. have theyD. haven ' theyhas Mr White been a member of Greenerto China?19、he.A. How soon, comesC. How long, came20、His uncle B.D.HowHowChina since often, got far, arrivedA. has come herefor more than 9