五種簡(jiǎn)單句與七種句子成分

1、關(guān)于五種簡(jiǎn)單句與七種句子成分現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第1頁，共15頁一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1. 英語10大詞類及其在句子中的作用。 2. 簡(jiǎn)單句的5種架構(gòu)及7種句子成分?，F(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第2頁，共15頁（一）英語中的10大詞類及作用 英語中只有三種句子！ 英語的句子就三種： 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句 學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單句，首先要知道詞類，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)單句是有一個(gè)一個(gè)的單詞構(gòu)成的。 你知道英語的句子中包含多少詞類嗎？現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第3頁，共15頁1. 英語有多少詞類 英語共有10大詞類，它們分別是： 1. 名詞名詞（noun, 縮寫為n.）如：book, water 2. 代詞代詞（pronoun, 縮寫為pron.）如：I, us, o

2、urs, who. 3. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞（verb, 縮寫為v.）如：come, write, bring 4. 形容詞形容詞（adjective, 縮寫為a.或adj.）如：clear 5. 副詞副詞（adverb, 縮寫為ad.或adv.）如：here, today 6. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞（numeral, 縮寫為num.）如: four, fourth 7. 介詞介詞（preposition, 縮寫為prep.）如：on, over 8. 連詞連詞（conjunction, 縮寫為conj.）如：and, or, as 9. 冠詞冠詞（article, 縮寫為art.）如：a, an, the 10.

3、 感嘆詞感嘆詞（interjection, 縮寫為int.）如: oh, ouch 以上1-6為實(shí)詞（national word），因?yàn)樗鼈冇袑?shí)際意義；7-10為虛詞（form word）,也就是說，它們沒有實(shí)際意義?，F(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第4頁，共15頁 除以上10大詞類外，還有三張由短語構(gòu)成的詞類： 1. 短語動(dòng)詞（phrasal verb）: 如：get up, call on, take care of, get in touch 2. 短語介詞（phrasal preposition）: 如：because of, in front of, instead of 3. 短語連詞（phrasal

4、 conjunction）： 如：as if， even if, what if, as long as現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第5頁，共15頁考考你？ 這些縮寫的符號(hào)代表什么詞類？ 1. num. 2. adv. 3. pron. 4. prep. 5. art. 6. adj. 7. n. 8. int. 9. v. 10. conj.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第6頁，共15頁詞類在句子中的主要功能例句名詞主語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、表語、定語The paper factory lies in our city.代詞主語、定語、賓語、賓語All of our teachers love us.動(dòng)詞謂語、賓補(bǔ)The teach

5、er let us do it again.形容詞定語、狀語、表語、補(bǔ)語This pretty girl thinks it right.副詞狀語、定語（少數(shù)表方位的詞）The workers here work very hard.數(shù)詞主語、定語、賓語、表語Three of them are eighteen now.介詞介詞+賓語，在句中做狀語或定語The girl of ten came here by bike.連詞連接兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句He was reading when I came in.冠詞主要修飾名詞或少數(shù)形容詞A young man often helps the poor

6、.感嘆詞表示喜怒哀樂，在句中加強(qiáng)語氣Heavens! How silly you are!2. 英語10大詞類功能一覽表現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第7頁，共15頁試試看：錯(cuò)在哪里？ 1. Everybody likes beautiful. 1. Everybody likes beauty. 2. Help the poor is our duty. 2. Helping the poor is our duty. 3. My friend Tom did very good in this exam. 3. My friend Tom did very well in this exam.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第

7、8頁，共15頁3. 詞類學(xué)習(xí)中的“四個(gè)必知” 1) 名詞和代詞各有三個(gè)“格” 主格，賓格，所有格 1. My mother likes my sister and I very much. My mother likes my sister and me very much 2. This car isnt my. My car is over there. This car isnt mine. My car is over there.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第9頁，共15頁2）動(dòng)詞有四類，少數(shù)可兼用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞），系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 Tom works in this fac

8、tory, and works a new machine. My uncle runs a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning. These flowers smell good and we often smell them. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. You neednt buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. Her mother stays young and stays at

9、home every day. Do you often do your homework at home?1. Our manager hasnt come because she has a few guests to receive.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第10頁，共15頁2）動(dòng)詞有四類，少數(shù)可兼用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞），系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 Tom works in this factory, and works a new machine. My uncle run a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning.

10、These flowers smell good and we often smell them. The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone. You neednt buy a walkman but you need a new recorder. Her mother stays young and stays at home every day. Do you often do your homework at home?1. Our manager hasnt come because she has a few

11、guests to receive.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第11頁，共15頁3）介詞之后要接賓語及物動(dòng)詞接賓語，不及物動(dòng)詞加上相應(yīng)的介詞后也可接賓語 My uncle lives Beijing. My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find.1. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find it.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第12頁，共15頁4）連接句子的是連詞，不是介詞和副詞連詞才能連接句子，副詞和介詞則不能 He has saved a lot of money in order

12、he can use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money in order that he can use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money in order to use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money so as to use it in the future. He has saved a lot of money so that he can use it in the future.現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)的是第13頁，共15頁

13、考考你？ 1. My uncle lives Beijing. 1. My uncle lives in Beijing. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find. 2. I lost my pen yesterday but I didnt find it. 3. Theres a new car in front of his sister and he. 3. Theres a new car in front of his sister and him. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as good as we. 4. Tom speaks Chinese as well as we. 5. He didnt come here because of he was ill. 5. He didnt come here because he was ill. 6.