英語8種時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流英語8種時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí).精品文檔.英語時(shí)態(tài)八種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)一概念：英語中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。 二種類：（基本時(shí)態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)三用法：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es。2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語.（包括be動(dòng)詞）賓語 She is an engineer. He has breakfas

2、t at 6:00every day.3）注意：a)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等時(shí)間狀語連用。 I always watch TV at 8: 00 in the evening . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b)表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster than the sou

3、nd . c)表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He lives in the country .4）第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。 a)一般情況動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s . come-comes speak-speaks work-works live-lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es. do-does go-goes finish-finishes brush-brushes fix-fixes pass-passes watch-watches c)以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es. Study-studies carry-carries cry-cries d)

4、以“元音字母y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s. play-plays stay-stays 例句：我們每天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè)。我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床。他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球。他喜歡音樂。地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。火車六點(diǎn)出發(fā)。5）否定句和疑問句。a)-He is an engineer. -He isnt an engineer. -Is he an engineer? -Yes, he is ./ No, he isnt. b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning . -We dont get up at 7:30 in the morning . -Do you get

5、up at 7:30 in the morning ? -Yes, we do. / No, we dont. c)-He likes music. -He doesnt like music. -Does he like music? -Yes ,he does./ No, he doesnt .2一般過去時(shí)1）一般過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijin

6、g last year.They saw a film last night .2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語.過去時(shí)賓語例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙了。兩年前他去參軍了。他在1990年去世了。3）否定句和疑問句。a)-He was busy yesterday. -He wasnt busy. -Was he busy? -Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.b)-He smoked last year. -He didnt smoke last year. -Did he smoke last year? -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.c)-He joine

7、d the army in 1990. -He didnt joined the army in 1990. -Did he join the army in 1990? -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.4）動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則。 a)一般情況下的詞加-ed. work-worked call-called laugh-laughed Explain-explained finish-finished knock-knocked b)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d . live-lived change-changed smoke-smoked die-died g

8、raduate-graduated drive-drove c)以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed. study-studied carry-carried cry-cried try-tried marry-married d)以“元音字母y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed. play-played stay-stayed e)以“一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ed. stop-stopped plan-planned pat-patted f)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化： do-did go-went come-came run-ran write-wrote b

9、egin-began drink-drank keep-kept leave-left sleep-slept make-made lie-lay dig-dug eat-ate know-knew cut-cut set-set let-let read-read hurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書。 去年我買了一輛自行車。 每天晚上我聽音樂。 她通常待在家里。 兩天前我完成了這項(xiàng)工作。復(fù)習(xí)：1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He (be) a student now.3) He (do) his homework at home every da

10、y.4) They (join) the Party in 1998.5) We (not eat) apples yesterday.6) We (not play) basketball every day.7) He (not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old. (劃線部分提問)9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (劃線部分提問)10) They joined the Party in 1990. (劃線部分提問)11) I went to Beijing last year. (劃線部分提問)

11、3一般將來時(shí)1)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等連用。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語will/shallV.原形（第一人稱用shall） I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week. -She will be 20 years old. -Will she be 20 years old? -Yes, she will./ No, she wont .3)主語wi

12、ll/shallV.原形 be(am, is, are)going to They will have a meeting next Sunday. (will=are going to ) -What will they do next Sunday ? -When will they have a meeting?4) be about toV.原形 I am about to leave school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.()They are about to set out soon.(×) 復(fù)習(xí)題： 1.He (do

13、) his homework at school every day. 2.They (finish) their work yesterday. 3.We (visit) their farm next year. 4.我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯。 5.他將騎自行車去學(xué)校。 6.他們下周日將去買汽車。4過去將來時(shí) 1）過去將來時(shí)是立足于過去某時(shí)，從過去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語從句中。 2）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+would/should was/were going to +V.原形+ He said that he would have a meeting next week. (He

14、says that he will nave a meeting next week.) They said we should leave school tomorrow. (They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與now, at present 等時(shí)間狀語連用。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing + You are listening to me carefully now. She is writing a letter this year. Lo

15、ok! They are dancing. We are studying English at present . Its raining hard now.3）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成    一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ingdo doing read - readingwork working think thinkingstudy studying go goingwatch watching jump - jumping    以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉 e 然后加 inglike liking take takinglea

16、ve leaving live livingreceive receiving dance dancingcome coming smoke smoking write - writing    以“一個(gè)元音字母 + 一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ingstop stopping begin beginningdig digging swim swimmingrun running sit sitting(注意：listen listening open opening eat eating rain raining sleep - sl

17、eeping)現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成口訣 現(xiàn)在分詞用途多，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)不可缺。它的構(gòu)成很好記，動(dòng)詞后綴ing。詞尾若有啞音e，去e再加沒問題。一輔重讀閉音節(jié)，這個(gè)字母要雙寫。還有一點(diǎn)要注意，改ie為y再加ing。以上口訣可以歸納成九個(gè)字“直接加，去e加，雙拼加”。6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）  表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 通常與 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語等連用。2）  基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+be (was/were) +v- ing +1.    &

18、#160; It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2.      They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3.      We were reading when the teacher came in.We werent readingWere you readingWhat were you doing when the teacher came in.3)

19、60;      例句 1. 前天那個(gè)時(shí)候Tom 正在看電影。 2. 上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。3.師看見我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲克。4.      I _ (do) my homework yesterday.5.      He _ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6.      He _ (do) his homework now.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1） 

20、;  1. 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2表示過去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用 up to now, in the past, recently, by , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2)       基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+ have/has + P.P(動(dòng)詞過去分詞)1.      Ive finished this work.2.  

21、;    He has ever been to Australia.3.      I have not heard from her recently.4.      I have already read this book. Have you read? Yes, I have. No, I havent. What have you read?3)       過去分詞的構(gòu)成 （規(guī)則變化同過去式的

22、構(gòu)成）不規(guī)則變化如下 do did donego went goneeat ate eaten come came comehave had hadwrite wrote writtenbe was/were beensee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank drunk give gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought boughttell told t

23、oldmake made madecut cut cut hurt hurt hurtread read read let let let4）  注意1.       含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與 for, since 引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語連用。（buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等）A)    I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)I have had a boo

24、k for 3 years.B)     He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.C)    He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)D)  

25、0; He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.2.       現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 （時(shí)間狀語的區(qū)別）I _ (hear) form her recently / yesterday.3.       例句：他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書。我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個(gè)單詞。他們居住在中國三年了。他看這部電影兩次了。Bob 自從 1997 年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。8.過去完成時(shí)1）   表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某

26、一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”， 常與 by the time, by the end of,before , by 等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間的狀語連用。2）   基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+ had + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 + When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開始了。He had learned English before he came here.他來這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)英語了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.當(dāng)我離開這個(gè)學(xué)校為止 他已教這個(gè)班級(jí)三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.到這學(xué)期末我已學(xué)會(huì)了2000 個(gè)英語單詞。時(shí)態(tài)部分總復(fù)習(xí)題 I. Fill in the blanks.1.      We usually _ (get ) up at 7:00 every morning.2.    &#